The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
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List of the most influential people in Religious Studies,
#2751
Gottlieb Nathaniel Bonwetsch
1848 - 1925 (77 years)
Gottlieb Nathanael Bonwetsch was a Russian-born German Protestant theologian. He was born in Norka, Saratov province in Russia, where his father was pastor. He studied theology in Dorpat, then later in Göttingen and Bonn. In 1878 he published a treatise on the writings of Tertullian, titled Die Schriften Tertullians, nach der Zeit ihrer Abfassung untersucht. In 1881 obtained his doctorate in theology and his first academic position was at Dorpat . He became a full professor of church history at the University of Göttingen in 1891.
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Gotthard Victor Lechler
1811 - 1888 (77 years)
Gotthard Victor Lechler , German Lutheran theologian, was born at Kloster Reichenbach in Württemberg. Biography He studied at the University of Tübingen under Ferdinand Christian Baur, and later on, served as a deacon in the towns of Waiblingen and Knittlingen. In 1858 he became a pastor at the church of St Thomas and professor ordinarius of historical theology at the University of Leipzig.
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Johann Ludwig von Wolzogen
1599 - 1658 (59 years)
Johann Ludwig von Wolzogen was an Austrian nobleman and Socinian theologian. Wolzogen was born in Nové Zámky , known then as Neuhäusel in German and Érsekújvár in Hungarian. He inherited the titles of Baron of Tarenfeldt and Freiherr of Neuhäusel.
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Saint Ursula
400 - 385 (-15 years)
Ursula is a legendary Romano-British Christian saint. Her feast day in the pre-1970 Calendarium Romanum Generale is 21 October. There is little information about her and the anonymous group of holy virgins who accompanied and, on an uncertain date, were killed along with her at Cologne. They remain in the Roman Martyrology, although their commemoration does not appear in the simplified General Roman Calendar of the 1970 Missale Romanum.
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Jacob Anton Zallinger zum Thurn
1735 - 1813 (78 years)
Jacob Anton Zallinger zum Thurn was a philosopher and canonist . Biography Zallinger studied at Innsbruck and Munich, and entered the Jesuit order at Landsberg am Lech on 9 October 1753. He taught philosophy at Munich from 1758 to 1761, before going to Ingolstadt to study theology. Zallinger was ordained priest on 1 June 1765.
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Francis Xavier Bianchi
1743 - 1815 (72 years)
Francis Xavier Mary Bianchi , was an Italian Barnabite priest and noted scholar, who also gained a reputation for sanctity during his lifetime from both his commitment to his students and to the poor of Naples. He has been proclaimed a saint by the Catholic Church and declared the Apostle of the city.
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Konrad Wimpina
1460 - 1531 (71 years)
Konrad Wimpina was a German Roman Catholic theologian and humanist of the early Reformation period. He was a quiet and stubborn conservative, considered quiet but somewhat narrow. In theology he was a pupil of Martin Polich of Mellerstadt and a Thomist.
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George the Hagiorite
1009 - 1065 (56 years)
George the Hagiorite was a Georgian monk, calligrapher, religious writer, theologian, and translator, who spearheaded the activities of Georgian monastic communities in the Byzantine Empire. His epithets Mt'ats'mindeli and At'oneli, meaning "of the Holy Mountain" and "of Athos" respectively, are a reference to his association with the Iviron monastery on Mount Athos, where he served as hegumen.
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Hermias
Hermias was an obscure Christian apologist, presumed to have lived in 3rd century. Nothing is known of him, except his name. He wrote a Derision of gentile philosophers , a short parody on Greek philosophical themes . From Paul's statement in the First Epistle to the Corinthians that "all worldly knowledge is foolishness to God" he affirms that all philosophical doctrines come from the apostasy of the angels and therefore wrong and laughable. Hermias relies rather on cynical and skeptical culture critique and on philosophical biographies and anedoctes than in their real writings.
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Adam Storey Farrar
1826 - 1905 (79 years)
Adam Storey Farrar, DD was an English churchman and academic, Professor of Divinity and Ecclesiastical History at the University of Durham from 1864. Life Born in London on 20 April 1820, he was son of Abraham Eccles Farrar, president of the Wesleyan conference, by his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Adam Storey of Leeds. Educated at the Liverpool Institute, he matriculated in 1844 at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, obtaining a first class in the final classical school and a second in mathematics, and graduating B.A. in 1850. In 1851 he was the first winner of the prize founded in memory of Thomas...
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Marco Antonio de Dominis
1560 - 1624 (64 years)
Marco Antonio de Dominis was a Dalmatian ecclesiastic, archbishop of Split and Primate of Dalmatia and all Croatia, adjudged heretic of the Catholic faith, polymath and man of science. Early life He was born on the island of Rab , off the coast of Dalmatia, in a noble family of Dalmatian origin. Educated at the Illyrian College at Loreto and at the University of Padua, he entered the Society of Jesus in 1579 and taught mathematics, logic, and rhetoric at Padua and Brescia, Italy.
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Henry Augustus Boardman
1808 - 1880 (72 years)
Henry Augustus Boardman was an American minister and author. Boardman was born in Troy, N Y, January 9, 1808. His parents were John Boardman and Clarinda Starbuck, and he often said that he was the product of a Puritan father and a Quaker mother. He graduated from Yale College in 1829. In the fall of 1830 he entered the Theological Seminary in Princeton, N. J., and in April 1833, was licensed to preach. In September 1833, he was called to the pastorate of the Tenth Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, over which he was duly installed, November 8, 1833, and of which he continued in charge until May 1876, when he became Pastor Emeritus.
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Adam Cleghorn Welch
1864 - 1943 (79 years)
Adam Cleghorn Welch was a Scottish clergyman and biblical scholar. After studying in the Synod Hall of the United Presbyterian Church, he served in the ministry for 26 years. In 1909, he was awarded an honorary Th.D. from Germany for his 1901 publication of Anselm and His Work. From 1907–1911, he held the convenership for the College Committee of the United Free Church. In 1913, he became professor of Old Testament at New College, Edinburgh, retiring in 1934. From 1933–34 he was appointed the Baird Lecturer, and in 1934 he was president of the Society for Old Testament Study. In 1938 he delivered the Schweich Lectures on Biblical Archaeology.
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Charles Carroll Everett
1829 - 1900 (71 years)
Charles Carroll Everett was an American divine and philosopher. Early life and education Charles was born on June 19, 1829, in Brunswick, Maine, to Ebenezer Everett and Joanna Batchedler Prince. His father was a prominent citizen of Brunswick, a Harvard educated lawyer, banker, and long-time trustee of Bowdoin College. During the 1840s he was also elected to represent Brunswick in the Maine Legislature. The Everetts were an old, notable, and well connected New England family. Among his father's first cousins were Massachusetts Senator and Secretary of State Edward Everett and Ambassador Alexander Hill Everett.
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David Ancillon
1617 - 1692 (75 years)
David Ancillon was a French Huguenot pastor and author. At sixteen, he went to Geneva to study theology and, in 1641, was appointed minister of Meaux. In 1653, he accepted a post in his native Metz. The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 compelled him to move to Frankfort. He then moved to Hanau and then Berlin, where he died on 3 September 1692. He was the father of Charles Ancillon.
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Randolph Sinks Foster
1820 - 1903 (83 years)
Randolph Sinks Foster was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1872. Biography Born on February 22, 1820, at Williamsburg, Ohio, U.S., the son of Israel Foster and Mary "Polly" Kain, he attended Augusta College in Kentucky, but left to become a Preacher in the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church when he was only seventeen. He was ordained to the Traveling Ministry by Bishops Waugh and Hedding. He went on to become the pastor of the Mulberry Street M.E. Church in New York City, where he met Daniel Drew, the financier who provided the original funding...
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Wilhelm Wilmers
1817 - 1899 (82 years)
Wilhelm Wilmers was a German Jesuit professor of philosophy and theology. Life He entered the Society of Jesus in 1834 at Brieg in the canton of Valais, Switzerland, was expelled from the country with the other Jesuits in 1847, and ordained priest at Ay in Southern France in 1848. Shortly after, he taught philosophy at Issenheim in Alsace, then exegesis at the Catholic University of Leuven, theology at Cologne, philosophy at Bonn and Aachen, and theology at Maria-Laach.
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Heinrich August Hahn
1821 - 1861 (40 years)
Heinrich August Hahn was a German theologian and the eldest son of the theologian August Hahn. Life Hahn was born in Königsberg. After studying theology at the universities of Breslau and Berlin, he became successively a privatdozent at Breslau , a professor ad interim at Königsberg on the death of Heinrich Havernick, an associate professor of theology and a full professor at the University of Greifswald.
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August Dorner
1846 - 1920 (74 years)
August Johannes Dorner was a German Protestant theologian. He was the son of Isaak August Dorner. Biography After studying at Göttingen, Tübingen and Berlin, he served as vicar to the German congregation in Lyon and Marseilles. From 1870 to 1873 he was a lecturer at the University of Göttingen, then worked as a professor of theology and as co-director of the theological seminary at Wittenberg . In 1889 he was appointed professor of systematic theology at the University of Königsberg.
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Heinrich Andreas Christoph Havernick
1811 - 1845 (34 years)
Heinrich Andreas Christoph Havernick was a German Protestant theologian known for his conservative views on the biblical Old Testament. He studied theology at the universities of Leipzig and Halle, where he made the acquaintance of August Tholuck and was influenced by proponents of confessional orthodoxy. At Halle, he was involved in the turmoil of 1830 when advocates of orthodoxy demanded the dismissal of "rationalist" professors Wilhelm Gesenius and Julius Wegscheider . Afterwards, he studied theology in Berlin, where he was a disciple of Ernst Wilhelm Hengstenberg. He then taught classes i...
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Valentin Alberti
1635 - 1697 (62 years)
Valentin Alberti was a Lutheran, orthodox philosopher and theologian from Silesia and was the son of a preacher. He is known for defending Lutheran orthodoxy against the natural law views of Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf and Christian Thomasius, and being an active polemicist against Roman Catholicism.
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Jean-François Baltus
1667 - 1743 (76 years)
Jean-François Baltus was a French Jesuit theologian. Life Baltus was born at Metz and entered the Society of Jesus on 21 November 1682. He taught humanities at Dijon; rhetoric at Pont-à-Mousson; and Scripture, Hebrew, and theology at Strasburg, where he was also rector of the university. In 1717, he was general censor of books at Rome, and later rector of Chalon, Dijon, Metz, Pont-à-Mousson, and Châlons. He died at Reims.
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Juan de Medina
1490 - 1547 (57 years)
Juan de Medina was a Spanish theologian, and Spain's ambassador to Rome. Although he is repeatedly quoted and praised by several theologians of his time, little was written about his life. Life He was born at Medina de Pomar in the Province of Burgos .
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Hans von Campenhausen
1903 - 1989 (86 years)
Hans Erich Freiherr von Campenhausen was a German Baltic Protestant theologian. He is one of the most important Protestant ecclesiastical historians of the 20th century. Life and work Hans von Campenhausen came from the landowning nobility. Born in Rosenbeck, Livonia, Campenhausen's family escaped to Germany during the Russian Revolution. He graduated from high school in Heidelberg in 1922, and went on to study theology and history at the universities of Heidelberg and Marburg where he was particularly influenced by the theologians Rudolf Bultmann, Hans Freiherr von Soden and Martin Dibelius....
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Joseph Ambrose Stapf
1785 - 1844 (59 years)
Joseph Ambrose Stapf was an Austrian Catholic theologian. He studied theology at Innsbruck, and in 1823 was named professor of moral theology and pedagogy at the seminary in Brixen. Works Theologia moralis in compendium redacta Epitome theologiæ moralis publicis prælectionibus accommodata Erziehungslehre im Geiste der katholischen Kirche Expositio casuum reservatorum in diocesi Brixinensi Der hl. Vincentius von Paul, dargestellt in seinem Leben und Wirken Die christliche Sittenlehre
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Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal
1753 - 1819 (66 years)
Johann Karl Christoph Nachtigal was a German Protestant theologian and philologist. His best-known publication is Peter the Goatherd; the folk tale became the model for Washington Irving's first short story Rip Van Winkle.
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Jacobus Latomus
1475 - 1544 (69 years)
Jacobus Latomus was a Catholic Flemish theologian, a distinguished member of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Leuven. Latomus was a theological adviser to the Inquisition, and his exchange with William Tyndale is particularly noted. The general focus of his academic work centered on opposing Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation, supporting the papacy and the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Etymology: Latinized Latomus = Masson from Greek lā-tómos 'stone-cutter, quarryman', thus 'mason'.
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Gregorios Papamichael
1875 - 1956 (81 years)
Gregorios Papamichael was a theologian of the Orthodox Church of Greece and a renowned professor at the Theology School of the University of Athens . He examined diligently various cultural aspects of church life and is jointly credited, together with his close friend Archbishop Chrysostomos I of Athens , for establishing the two basic academic journals of Neohellenic theology: Theologia and Ekklesia. In addition, he was responsible for the modern rediscovery of two almost forgotten great personalities of Orthodoxy, namely Gregorios Palamas and Maximos the Greek.
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Henry Julian White
1859 - 1934 (75 years)
Henry Julian White was an English biblical scholar. White was born in Islington, north London, the second son of Henry John White. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating on 11 October 1878, graduating B.A. in 1882 . He was ordained in 1886, becoming the domestic chaplain of John Wordsworth in the same year. He was Chaplain and a Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, where he taught theology, from 1895 to 1905; and a Fellow of King's College London from 1905 to 1920. He assisted Wordsworth in producing an edition of the Vulgate Bible. He was also co-author of A Grammar of the Vulgate.
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Joseph Putzer
1806 - 1894 (88 years)
Joseph Putzer was an Austrian Redemptorist theologian and canonist. Life He entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer and made his religious profession, 14 August 1856. Having finished his theological studies at Mautern, Austria, he was ordained 7 August 1859.
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Georg Joachim Zollikofer
1730 - 1788 (58 years)
Georg Joachim Zollikofer was a Swiss-German theologian who popularized Enlightenment theology, and published several books of sermons and hymns. Life Georg Joachim Zollikofer was born on 5 August 1730 in St. Gallen, Switzerland. His father, David Anthony Zollikofer, was a prominent lawyer. His mother was Anna Elisabeth Högger. He was educated at the St. Gallen gymnasium, then studied at Bremen and afterwards at the Utrecht University with a view to becoming a minister. After leaving university he was given a position as a preacher at Murten, Vaud in 1754. Soon after he was appointed to a larger church at Monsheim, Rheinhessen, and then to a church in Neu-Isenburg near Frankfurt am Main.
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Arthur Cushman McGiffert
1861 - 1933 (72 years)
Arthur Cushman McGiffert , American theologian, was born in Sauquoit, New York, the son of a Presbyterian clergyman of Scots-Irish descent. Biography He graduated at Western Reserve College in 1882 and at Union Theological Seminary in 1885, studied in Germany in 1885–1887, and in Italy and France in 1888, and in that year received the degree of doctor of philosophy at Marburg. He was instructor and professor of church history at Lane Theological Seminary, and in 1893 became Washburn professor of church history in Union theological seminary, succeeding Philip Schaff. He became the 8th presid...
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Thomas Hardesty Campbell
1907 - 1989 (82 years)
Thomas Hardesty Campbell was a Cumberland Presbyterian minister, a former president and dean of Memphis Theological Seminary, and a former director of the Historical Foundation of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Campbell retired from the seminary in 1974 and served seven years as pastor of the Harrison, Arkansas, Cumberland Presbyterian Church. He was moderator of the General Assembly of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in 1973, and was a member of White River Presbytery, in Arkansas, for many years.
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Henry Hammond
1605 - 1660 (55 years)
Henry Hammond was an English churchman, church historian and theologian, who supported the Royalist cause during the English Civil War. Early life He was born at Chertsey in Surrey on 18 August 1605, the youngest son of John Hammond , physician to the royal household under King James I, who purchased the site of Chertsey Abbey in Surrey in 1602. His brother was Judge Thomas Hammond, a regicide of King Charles I. He was educated at Eton College, and from age 13 at Magdalen College, Oxford, becoming demy or scholar in 1619. On 11 December 1622 he graduated B.A. , and in 1625 was elected a fellow of the college.
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Joachim Beckmann
1901 - 1987 (86 years)
Joachim Beckmann was a German evangelical theologian. He served between 1958 and 1971 as "Präses" of the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland. Life Joachim Wilhelm Beckmann was born into a conservative traditionalist family in Eickel, a small town in the heart of the rapidly industrialising Ruhr conurbation, within which Eickel is positioned between Essen and Dortmund. His father, Julius August Wilhelm Beckmann, was a protestant pastor. Sources are largely silent about his childhood, but in 1920, when he passed his Abitur he was a pupil at the Gymnasium at nearby Wattenscheid. Earl...
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Abdul Majid Daryabadi
1892 - 1977 (85 years)
Abdul Majid Daryabadi was an Islamic scholar, philosopher, writer, critic, researcher, journalist and exegete of the Quran in Indian subcontinent in the 20th century. He was as one of the most influential Indian Muslim scholar and was much concerned with modernism and comparative religions and orientalism in India. In his early life, he became sceptical of religion and called himself a "rationalist". For almost nine years, he remained away from religion but repented and became a devout Muslim. He was actively associated with the Khilafat Movement, Royal Asiatic Society, Aligarh Muslim Univers...
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Paul Tschackert
1848 - 1911 (63 years)
Paul Tschackert was a German Protestant theologian and church historian born in Freystadt, Silesia. He is largely remembered for studies involving the history of the Protestant Reformation. Tschackert studied history, theology and philosophy at the University of Halle, and in 1873 continued his education at the University of Göttingen. In 1875, he earned his doctorate at the University of Breslau with his thesis on theologian Pierre d'Ailly . In 1877 he became an associate professor at Halle, afterwards serving as a professor at the universities of Königsberg and Göttingen .
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Gustav Friedrich Oehler
1812 - 1872 (60 years)
Gustav Friedrich Oehler was a German theologian. Biography He was born at Ebingen, Württemberg, and was educated privately and at the University of Tübingen where he was much influenced by J. C. F. Steudel, professor of Old Testament theology. In 1837, after a term of Oriental study at Berlin, he went to Tübingen as tutor , becoming in 1840 professor at the seminary and pastor in Schönthal.
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Henry Boynton Smith
1815 - 1877 (62 years)
Henry Boynton Smith , United States theologian, was born in Portland, Maine. He is best known for introducing many Americans to avant-garde German historical scholarship, especially in his History of the Church of Christ, in Chronological Tables: A Synchronistic View of the Events, Characteristics, and Culture of Each Period, including the History of Polity, Worship, Literature, and Doctrines: Together with Two Supplementary Tables upon the Church in America; And an Appendix Containing the Series of Councils, Popes, Patriarchs, and Other Bishops, and a Full Index .
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George Bush
1796 - 1859 (63 years)
George Bush was an American biblical scholar, pastor, abolitionist, and academic. A member of the Bush family, he is a distant relative of both President George H. W. Bush and President George W. Bush.
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Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem
1709 - 1789 (80 years)
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem was a German Lutheran theologian during the Age of Enlightenment. He was also known as "Abt Jerusalem". He was court-preacher and a major advisor to Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, to whom he suggested the foundation of the Collegium Carolinum in 1745 - this was the forerunner of the present-day TU Braunschweig. He also had a strong influence on the Duchy of Brunswick's educational policy as well as becoming one of the most important German theologians of his era.
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Auguste-François Maunoury
1811 - 1898 (87 years)
Auguste-François Maunoury was a Catholic Hellenist and exegete. He studied classics at the preparatory seminary in Séez, to which institution he returned after his theological course, and where he spent the whole of his long priestly career. Until 1852, he taught the classics, and then became professor of rhetoric, a position which he occupied for twenty-two years. During this period, keeping abreast of the progress of Hellenistic studies in France and Germany, he composed, published and revised those of his works which gained him a reputation as a Greek scholar. Towards 1866, Maunoury began...
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Marcus Dods
1834 - 1909 (75 years)
Marcus Dods was a Scottish divine and controversial biblical scholar. He was a minister of the Free Church of Scotland. He served as Principal of New College, Edinburgh. Life He was born at Belford, Northumberland, the youngest son of Rev Marcus Dods, a minister of the Church of Scotland and his wife, Sarah Pallister.
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Richard Capel
1586 - 1656 (70 years)
Richard Capel was an English nonconforming clergyman of Calvinist views, a member of the Westminster Assembly, and for a period of his life a practicing physician. Life He was born at Gloucester, the son of Christopher Capel, an alderman of the city, and his wife Grace, daughter of Richard Hands. His father was a good friend to ministers who had suffered for nonconformity. Richard was educated in Gloucester, and became a commoner of St. Alban Hall, Oxford, in 1601. He was afterwards elected a demy of Magdalen College, and in 1609 was made perpetual fellow there, being then M.A.
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Shlomo ibn Aderet
1235 - 1310 (75 years)
Shlomo ben Avraham ibn Aderet was a medieval rabbi, halakhist, and Talmudist. He is widely known as the Rashba , the Hebrew acronym of his title and name: Rabbi Shlomo ben Avraham. Aderet was born in Barcelona, Crown of Aragon, in 1235. He became a successful banker and leader of Spanish Jewry of his time. As a rabbinical authority his fame was such that he was designated as El Rab d'España . He served as rabbi of the Main Synagogue of Barcelona for 50 years. He died in 1310.
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Friedrich Wilhelm Franz Nippold
1838 - 1918 (80 years)
Friedrich Wilhelm Franz Nippold was a German Protestant theologian born in Emmerich am Rhein. In 1865 he received his habilitation at the University of Heidelberg, where in 1867 he became an associate professor. From 1871 to 1884, he was a professor of church history at the University of Bern, afterwards moving to Jena, as a successor to Karl von Hase. In 1907 he took his retirement in Oberursel, where he died on 4 August 1918.
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Bruno Doehring
1879 - 1961 (82 years)
Bruno Doehring was a German Lutheran pastor and theologian. A preacher at the Berlin Cathedral from 1914 to 1960, Doehring was a popular figure in the Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union in Berlin. He was a strict conservative and was active in the Weimar Republic as a politician.
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D. N. Jackson
1895 - 1968 (73 years)
Doss Nathan Jackson was a Baptist pastor from the United States who was fundamental in the founding of the North American Baptist Association . He was a debater and conference speaker, publisher and a prolific writer of Christian literature and theological works including Studies in Baptist Doctrine and History.
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Josiah Willard Gibbs Sr.
1790 - 1861 (71 years)
Josiah Willard Gibbs Sr. was an American linguist and theologian, who served as professor of sacred literature at Yale University. He is chiefly remembered today for his involvement in the Amistad case and as the father of theoretical physicist Josiah Willard Gibbs.
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Lee Rutland Scarborough
1870 - 1945 (75 years)
Lee Rutland Scarborough was an American Southern Baptist pastor, evangelist, denominational leader, and professor at the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary . He spent the first 16 years of his life on a ranch and became an adept cowboy. He attended later Baylor University, Yale University and The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. He accepted the invitation of B. H. Carroll in 1908 to occupy the world's first academic chair of evangelism, "The Chair of Fire," at SWBTS, and chaired the seminary's department of evangelism. In February 1915, following the death of B. H. Carroll, he became president of Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary.
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