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List of the most influential people in Religious Studies,

#3351

Frederik Julius Bech

Frederik Julius Bech

1758 - 1822 (64 years)

Frederik Julius Bech was a Danish-Norwegian theologian and politician. He took part in the Meeting of Notables in Eidsvoll on February 16, 1814, and he served as the bishop of the Diocese of Oslo from 1805 to 1822. As the head of the Church of Norway, he crowned Charles III John of Norway at Nidaros Cathedral in 1818.

#3352

Stanislovas Rapolionis

1485 - 1545 (60 years)

Stanislovas Svetkus Rapolionis was a Lutheran activist and Protestant reformer from the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. With patronage of Albert, Duke of Prussia, he obtained the doctorate of theology from the Protestant University of Wittenberg where he studied under Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon. After graduation, he became the first professor of theology at the newly established University of Königsberg, also known as Albertina. As professor he began working on several Protestant publications and translations, including a Bible translation into Polish. It is believed that he also started the first translation of the Bible into Lithuanian.

#3353

Daniel Tilenus

1563 - 1633 (70 years)

Daniel Tilenus was a German-French Protestant theologian. Initially a Calvinist, he became a prominent and influential Arminian teaching at the Academy of Sedan. He was an open critic of the Synod of Dort of 1618-9.

#3354

Caspar Erich Schieler

Caspar Erich Schieler

1851 - 1934 (83 years)

Caspar Erasmus Schieler was a German theologian, church historian and priest in the late 19th century and early 20th century. According to documents provided by Mainz Cathedral and the Diocesan Seminary, Schieler studied philosophy and theology at the Episcopal Seminary in Mainz , receiving the Doctor of Divinity degree. Schieler first served as a priest at the age of twenty-five at Mainz, Cathedral ordained under Bishop Wilhelm Emmanuel von Ketteler in the year 1876. Due to the Kulturkampf, Schieler was interrogated by the German government and forced to pastor his parish in secret, to avoid further attention.

#3355

Heymeric de Campo

1395 - 1460 (65 years)

Heymeric de Campo was a Dutch theologian and scholastic philosopher. He was a prominent Albertist, and forerunner of Nicholas of Cusa. He studied at the University of Paris, and taught at Cologne , and Leuven.

#3356

Božo Milanović

1890 - 1980 (90 years)

Msgr. Božo Milanović , was a Croatian priest, theologian and politician from Istria, and, along with Antonio Santino, one of the greatest anti-fascists of Istria. He is credited with decisively contributing to the unification of Istria with Croatia.

#3357

Bjarni Halldórsson

1703 - 1773 (70 years)

Bjarni Halldórsson was an Icelandic legal figure and theologian. He is best known for being a county magistrate. He first lived in Víðidalstungu but most of his life he lived in Þingeyrar.

#3358

Stephan Agricola

Stephan Agricola

1491 - 1547 (56 years)

Stephan Agricola was a Lutheran church reformer. Born in Abensberg, at a young age he joined the Augustinian order. As a monk, he studied Augustine deeply. As a student, he went to the universities in Bologna and Venice, where in 1519 he became a Doctor of Theology. He began to preach on whole books of the Bible in 1520. He was led to Lutheranism through his study of Augustine's works on the scriptures. He was accused of Lutheranism as a heresy. Although he claimed his independence of Luther, he was arrested and imprisoned in Mühldorf on November 17, 1522. In 1523 he escaped and came to Augsb...

#3359

Liselotte Richter

1906 - 1968 (62 years)

Liselotte Richter was a German philosopher and theologian. She was the first female professor of philosophy in Germany. Early life Luise Charlotte Richter was born in 1906 and grew up with her twin brother Fritz in a middle-class family, first in Berlin-Tegel and then in Charlottenburg.

#3360

Francisco Macedo

1596 - 1681 (85 years)

Francisco Macedo , known as S. Augustino, was a Portuguese Franciscan theologian. Life He entered the Jesuit Order in 1610, which however he left in 1638 in order to join the Discalced Augustinians. These also he left in 1648, for the Franciscans. In Portugal he sided with the House of Braganza.

#3361

John Arrowsmith

1602 - 1659 (57 years)

John Arrowsmith was an English theologian and academic. Life Arrowsmith was born near Gateshead and entered St John's College, Cambridge, in 1616. In 1623 he entered the fellowship of St Catherine Hall, Cambridge.

#3362

John Punch

1603 - 1661 (58 years)

John Punch was an Irish Franciscan scholastic philosopher and theologian. Punch was ultimately responsible for the now classic formulation of Ockham's Razor, in the shape of the Latin phrase entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem, "entities are not to be multiplied unnecessarily." His formulation was slightly different: Non sunt multiplicanda entia sine necessitate. Punch did not attribute this wording to William of Ockham, but instead referred to the principle as a "common axiom" used by the Scholastics.

#3363

E. J. P. Jorissen

E. J. P. Jorissen

1829 - 1912 (83 years)

Eduard Johan Pieter Jorissen was a Dutch lawyer and politician. He graduated in theology and served as State Attorney of the South African Republic from 1876 to 1877 under Thomas François Burgers.

#3364

Pierre Charron

1541 - 1603 (62 years)

Pierre Charron , French Catholic theologian and major contributor to the new thought of the 17th century. He is remembered for his controversial form of skepticism and his separation of ethics from religion as an independent philosophical discipline.

#3365

Irénée Hausherr

1891 - 1978 (87 years)

Irénée Hausherr was a Jesuit of Alsatian origin and specialist in Greek patristic and monastic spirituality. Ordained priest in 1923 after studies in the Netherlands, he became a professor at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, where he is claimed to have pioneered the study of the spirituality of the Christian East at an academic level. In this he was seconded by the future Cardinal Tomas Spidlik. Several of his works take their title from key terms of Desert spirituality, e.g., penthos; and philautia . He published mainly for the Pontifical Oriental Institute, also in Analecta Bollandiana, and Cistercian Publications, Kalamazoo.

#3366

Joseph Hussey

1660 - 1726 (66 years)

Joseph Hussey was an English Calvinist and congregationalist minister. Life Hussey was born in Fordingbridge, Hampshire. After studying with the ejected minister Robert Whitaker, he attended Charles Morton's dissenting academy at Newington Green. He attributed a 1686 conversion to the reading of Stephen Charnock's The Existence and Attributes of God.

#3367

John Edgar McFadyen

1870 - 1933 (63 years)

John Edgar McFadyen B. A. , M. A., D. D. was a Scottish theologian, was professor of language, literature and Old Testament theology in the University of Glasgow. He was born in Glasgow and died in 1933.

#3368

Albert Pighius

1490 - 1542 (52 years)

Albert Pighius was a Dutch Roman Catholic theologian, mathematician, and astronomer. Life He studied philosophy and began the study of theology at the Catholic University of Leuven, where Adrian of Utrecht, later Pope Adrian VI, was one of his teachers. Pighius completed his studies at Cologne, but it is not clear whether he received the degree of Doctor of Theology. When his teacher Adrian became pope, he went to Rome, where he also remained during the reigns of Pope Clement VII and Pope Paul III, and was repeatedly employed in ecclesiastical-political embassies. He had taught mathematics to Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, afterward Paul III.

#3369

Stephan Praetorius

1536 - 1603 (67 years)

Stephan Praetorius was a German Lutheran theologian and pastor. His life and work Prætorius was born in Salzwedel, Margraviate of Brandenburg. He was educated at the University of Rostock, where he also taught in the local schools; was ordained by Agricola at Berlin in 1565; became preacher in the same year at the monastery of the Holy Ghost at Salzwedel, and soon after deacon of the Church of St. Mary's; and from 1569 until his death was pastor in Salzwedel.

#3370

Peter Nead

1796 - 1877 (81 years)

Peter Nead was an American preacher in the German Baptist Brethren church that descended from the Schwarzenau Brethren. He wrote several theological works, which were influential in the Old German Baptist Brethren and related churches, perhaps the most prominent being "A Vindication of Primitive Christianity."

#3371

Oscar Joliet

1878 - 1969 (91 years)

Oscar Joliet was a scholar-priest who served between 1948 and 1969 as the Auxiliary bishop of Ghent. Life Oscar Jozef Joliet was born in Ghent, third recorded son of the baker, Augustus Joliet and his wife Lucia Joliet-Ysebaert from Zelzate. He attended school at the Sint-Barbaracollege, a Jesuit establishment in the city. Between 1896 and 1905 he attended the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. It was here that he received his doctorate of philosophy on 1 June 1901, and was ordained into the priesthood on 20 September 1902. Still at the Gregorian University, on 30 June 1905 he re...

#3372

Nicolas Antoine

1602 - 1632 (30 years)

Nicolas Antoine was a French Protestant theologian and pastor who attempted to convert to Judaism, although he was never officially admitted to Judaism, due to fears by the Jewish community that persecutions would happen if it became known that he was an apostate of Christianity. He was advised instead to live the life of a crypto-Jew. He suffered martyrdom by being burned at the stake in Geneva on April 20, 1632.

#3373

Johann Marbach

1521 - 1581 (60 years)

Johann Marbach was a German Lutheran reformer and controversialist. Life He was born at Lindau in Bavaria. He began his studies at Strasbourg in 1536, and three years later went to Wittenberg, where he shared a house with Martin Luther and took his doctor's degree in 1543. After holding temporary positions at Jena and Isny, in 1545 he accepted a call to Strasbourg. Here, from 1545 to 1558, he was pastor of the Church of St. Nicholas; canon at St. Thomas' from 1546; professor from 1549, and from 1551 president of the Church Convocation.

#3374

Samuel Worcester

1770 - 1821 (51 years)

Samuel Worcester was a United States clergyman noted for his participation in a controversy over Unitarianism. Biography Against his father's wishes, he decided to educate himself for a profession rather than become a farmer. After attending and then teaching in local schools, he went to New Ipswitch Academy, and then entered Dartmouth College, where he graduated in 1795. He was licensed to preach in 1796.

#3375

Anthony Jacob Henckel

1668 - 1728 (60 years)

Anthony Jacob Henckel was a German theologian who founded the first Lutheran church in North America upon his immigration from Germany to Philadelphia's Germantown neighborhood. Family Henckel had one older and four younger siblings. His mother and father were Anna Eulalia Dentzer and George Henckel. They were married on 2 May 1666. His father was a Lutheran school teacher.

#3376

António Garcia Ribeiro de Vasconcelos

1860 - 1941 (81 years)

António Garcia Ribeiro de Vasconcelos was a Portuguese historian and theologian. He taught at the University of Coimbra from 1887 to 1930, first in the Faculty of Theology and then in the Faculty of Letters, which appointed him Emeritus Professor. In 1936 he became the first president of the Portuguese Academy of History.

#3377

James Yorke

1730 - 1808 (78 years)

James Yorke was a British clergyman. Yorke was the son of Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of Hardwicke and Margaret Cocks. He was educated at Newcome's School, proceeding in 1748 to Corpus Christi College, Cambridge .

#3378

Henry of Gorkum

1378 - 1431 (53 years)

Henry of Gorkum was a Dutch theologian known for his commentaries on St. Thomas Aquinas and his defense of Thomism. Life and career Henry was born in Gorkum in the Netherlands. He was a colleague of John Capreolus at the University of Paris, holding positions there between about 1395 and 1419. He taught philosophy at University of Cologne, and from 1420 he was director of a self-funded bursar there. He became University of Cologne Vice-Chancellor in 1424.

#3379

Alonso Tostado

1400 - 1455 (55 years)

Alonso Tostado was a Spanish theologian, councillor of John II of Castile and briefly bishop of Ávila. His epitaph stated "Wonder of earth, all men can know he scanned." A leading scholar of his generation, he is particularly known as an early theorist on witchcraft; in his De maleficis mulieribus, quae vulgariter dicuntur bruxas he defended the possibility of flying witches based on biblical exegesis.

#3380

Julius Hare

1795 - 1855 (60 years)

Julius Charles Hare was an English theological writer. Early life He was born at Valdagno, near Vicenza, in Italy. His parents were Francis Hare-Naylor and the painter Georgiana Shipley, a daughter of Bishop Shipley. Augustus William Hare was his brother, and his great-grandfather, Francis Hare, was bishop of St Asaph.

#3381

Christian Daniel Beck

Christian Daniel Beck

1757 - 1832 (75 years)

Christian Daniel Beck was a German philologist, historian, theologian and antiquarian, one of the most learned men of his time. Biography Beck was born at Leipzig and studied at Leipzig University, where in 1785 he was appointed professor of Greek and Latin literature. This post he resigned in 1819 in order to take up the professorship of history, but resumed it in 1825. In 1819, he also became editor of the Allgemeines Reportorium der neuesten in- und ausländischen Litteratur . He also had the management of the university library, was director of the institute for the deaf and dumb, and fill...

#3382

Philippe de Mornay

Philippe de Mornay

1549 - 1623 (74 years)

Philippe de Mornay , seigneur du Plessis Marly, usually known as Du-Plessis-Mornay or Mornay Du Plessis, was a French Protestant writer and member of the anti-monarchist Monarchomaques. Biography He was born in Buhy, now situated in Val-d'Oise. His mother had leanings toward Protestantism, but his father tried to counteract her influence by sending him to the of the University of Paris. On his father's death in 1559, however, the family formally adopted the reformed faith. Mornay studied law and jurisprudence at the University of Heidelberg in 1565 and the following year Hebrew and German at the University of Padua.

#3383

René-Joseph de Tournemine

1661 - 1739 (78 years)

René-Joseph de Tournemine was a French Jesuit theologian and philosopher. He founded the Mémoires de Trévoux, the Jesuit learned journal published from 1701 to 1767, and assailed Nicolas Malebranche with the charges of atheism and Spinozism.

#3384

Johann Leusden

1624 - 1699 (75 years)

Johannes Leusden was a Dutch Calvinist theologian and orientalist. Leusden was born in Utrecht. He studied in Utrecht and Amsterdam and became a Professor of Hebrew in Utrecht, where he died, aged 75.

#3385

Venance Grumel

1890 - 1967 (77 years)

Venance Grumel was a French theologian and Byzantinist. Biography He was born on 23 May 1890 under the name of François Grumel in La Serraz, in the commune of Le Bourget-du-Lac, in Savoy, France. Orphaned, he began his schooling at the Bocage orphanage, near Chambéry . He joined the Assumptionist, or Augustinians of the Assumption, school of Notre-Dame des Châteaux, in the Tarentaise Valley . Later, he transferred to Mongreno in Italy . Grumel completed his studies in Spain - at Calahorra and Elorrio . On 11 September 1907, he entered the Assumptionist novitiate of Louvain, Belgium, where took the name of Brother Venance.

#3386

Konstanty Michalski

Konstanty Michalski

1879 - 1947 (68 years)

Konstanty Michalski was a Polish Catholic theologian and philosopher. Life Michalski was a member of an order of missionary priests. From 1918 he was a professor of philosophy at—from 1931 rector of— Kraków's Jagiellonian University. From 1927 he was a member of the Polish Academy of Learning.

#3387

Pavel Djidjov

1919 - 1952 (33 years)

Pavel Djidjov was a Bulgarian theologian who was executed after a show trial and beatified in 2002 by Pope John Paul II. Education, career Pavel Djidjov was born to a Latin rite Catholic family in Plovdiv. He was baptized on 2 August 1919 and given the name Joseph. He took the name Pavel when he entered the Assumptionist novitiate in Nozeroy, France, in October 1938.

#3388

David Caspari

1648 - 1702 (54 years)

David Caspari was a German Lutheran theologian. He was the father of Georg Caspari. Born in Königsberg, Duchy of Prussia, Caspari studied at the Albertina and the universities of Jena, Wittenberg, Leipzig, Altdorf, Strassburg, and Helmstedt. He became sub-inspector at the Albertina in 1676. Two years later he was appointed rector of Riga Cathedral's school. Caspari died in Riga as the school's superintendent.

#3389

Laurentius Paulinus Gothus

Laurentius Paulinus Gothus

1565 - 1646 (81 years)

Laurentius Paulinus Gothus was a Swedish theologian, astronomer and Archbishop of Uppsala. Biography Gothus was born Lars Paulsson at Söderköping in Östergötland County, Sweden. In 1588, Gothus travelled to Germany and studied in the Rostock University for three years. He was influenced by Pierre de la Ramée and his philosophy.

#3390

Franciscus Bonae Spei

1617 - 1677 (60 years)

Franciscus Bonae Spei was a Catholic scholastic theologian and philosopher. He was born in Lille under the name of François Crespin, and entered the Carmelite order in 1635 under the religious name of Franciscus Bonae Spei . During many years, he taught philosophy and theology in Leuven. He also held numerous charges within his order: he was Provincial, traveled three times to Rome and twice to Madrid, and died as prior of the Carmelite convent in Brussels. He wrote two vast philosophy and theology courses, of high quality. As all reformed Carmelites, he follows broadly the doctrine of Thomism, but discussed numerous contemporary issues.

#3391

Johannes Browallius

Johannes Browallius

1707 - 1755 (48 years)

Johannes Browallius , also called John Browall, was a Finnish and Swedish Lutheran theologian, physicist, botanist and at one time friend of Swedish taxonomist Carl Linnaeus. Career He was a Professor of Physics from 1737–46, Professor of Theology 1746–49 and was the Bishop of Turku, then a diocese of the Church of Sweden, and Vice-Chancellor of The Royal Academy of Turku from 1749 until his death in 1755.

#3392

Moritz von Aberle

1819 - 1875 (56 years)

Moritz von Aberle was a German Catholic theologian. Life Moritz von Aberle was born on 25 April 1819 at Rottum in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. He became a professor in the Obergymnasium at Ehingen in 1845, director of the Wilhelmstift in 1848, and a professor of moral theology and New Testament exegesis in the university at Tübingen in 1850, a position he retained till the day of his death. He died at Tübingen on 3 November 1875.

#3393

Ernst Ranke

1814 - 1888 (74 years)

Ernst Constantin Ranke was a German Protestant theologian; since 1850, a professor of church history. He was the brother of historian Leopold von Ranke , theologian Friedrich Heinrich Ranke and philologist Karl Ferdinand Ranke .

#3394

John Burton

1696 - 1771 (75 years)

John Burton, D.D. was an English clergyman and academic, a theological and classical scholar. Life Burton was born at Wembworthy, Devon, where his father Samuel Burton was rector. He was educated partly at Okehampton and Blundell's School, Tiverton in his native county, and partly at Ely, where he was placed on his father's death by the Rev. Samuel Bentham, the first cousin of his mother. In 1713 he was elected as a scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and took his degree of B. A. on 27 June 1717, shortly after which he became the college tutor. He proceeded M.A. 24 March 1720-1, was el...

#3395

Rudolf Steck

1842 - 1924 (82 years)

Johann Rudolf Julius Steck was a Swiss reformed theologian and writer. Steck was a pastor of the Reformed Church, Dresden . From 1881 to 1921 he was Professor of Theology at the University of Bern. He was influenced by the writings of Bruno Bauer and was a proponent of the Christ myth theory. He believed that the Pauline epistles were a case of second century pseudepigrapha.

#3396

Josephus Adjutus

Josephus Adjutus

1602 - 1668 (66 years)

Josephus Adjutus , was a famous Chaldean theologian. He advanced some fundamental theories on religion during the Reformation, and criticized corruption in the Catholic church. Biography Josephus was born in Mosul, in present-day Iraq. He apparently came from a family of Chaldean Catholics. After his parents died in 1606, relatives sent Josephus to be brought up in Jerusalem. Until 1613, he lived and was educated in Palestine in a monastery of the Friars Minor, a Franciscan Order. He was made a Deacon in 1632 under Pope Urban VIII. Five years later, in 1637, he earned the title of Doctor of Theology at the Collegium Bononiensis in Bologna.

#3397

Thomas Jarrett

1805 - 1882 (77 years)

Thomas Jarrett, DD, was an English churchman and orientalist. Life He was educated at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1827 as thirty-fourth wrangler, and seventh in the first class of the classical tripos. In the following year he was elected a Fellow of his college, where he stayed as classical and Hebrew lecturer until 1832.

#3398

Théophile Raynaud

Théophile Raynaud

1583 - 1663 (80 years)

Théophile Raynaud was a French Jesuit theologian and writer. Biography Théophile Raynaud was born November 15, 1583, at Sospel, near Nice. He studied at Avignon, and became quite accomplished as a student of philosophy. In 1602 he entered the Society of Jesus, and was made one of their teachers at Lyon. At first he taught elementary branches, but soon found advancement, and was finally given a professorship of philosophy and theology. In 1631 he was chosen confessor to prince Maurice of Savoy, and repaired to Paris. Here he was made uncomfortable by unpleasant relations to Richelieu, who, hav...

#3399

Augusta Emma Stetson

Augusta Emma Stetson

1842 - 1928 (86 years)

Augusta Emma Stetson was an American religious leader. Known for her impressive oratory skills and magnetic personality, she attracted a large following in New York City. However, her increasingly radical theories, conflicts with other church members including a well-known rivalry with Laura Lathrop, and attempts to supplant Mary Baker Eddy as the leader of The First Church of Christ, Scientist, led to her eventually being excommunicated from the church on charges of insubordination and of false teaching. Afterwards she began preaching and publishing various works on her theories which she n...

#3400

Octavius Winslow

Octavius Winslow

1808 - 1878 (70 years)

Octavius Winslow , also known as "The Pilgrim's Companion", was a prominent 19th-century evangelical preacher in England and America. A Baptist minister for most of his life and contemporary of Charles Spurgeon and J. C. Ryle, he seceded to the Anglican church in his last decade.

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