The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Religious Studies,
#3351
Karl Joseph Alter
1885 - 1977 (92 years)
Karl Joseph Alter was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Toledo in Ohio and as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Cincinnati in Ohio . Biography Early life Karl Alter was born on August 18, 1885, in Toledo, Ohio, to John P. and Elizabeth Alter. His father was a cigar manufacturer and liquor dealer. Karl Alter attended St. John's High School in Delphos, Ohio, and was a member of the first graduating class of St. John's College in Toledo in 1905. He made his theological studies at St. Mary's Seminary in Cleveland, Ohio.
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Victor Schultze
1851 - 1937 (86 years)
Victor Schultze was a German church historian and archaeologist. He studied theology and art history at the universities of Basel, Strasbourg, Jena and Göttingen, and in 1879 qualified as a lecturer of church history and Christian archaeology at the University of Leipzig. In 1884 he became an associate professor at Greifswald, where from 1888 to 1920 he taught classes as a full professor at the university.
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Isaac of Troki
1533 - 1594 (61 years)
Isaac ben Abraham of Troki, Karaite scholar and polemical writer Works Isaac's learning earned him the respect and deference of his fellow Karaites, and his knowledge of the Latin and Polish languages and of Christian dogmatics enabled him to engage in amicable conversations on religious subjects not only with Roman Catholic, Protestant, and Greek Orthodox clergymen, but also with Socinian and other sectarian elders. The fruit of these personal contacts, and of Isaac Troki's concurrent extensive reading in the New Testament and the Christian theological and anti-Jewish literature, was his famous apology of Judaism entitled Hizzuk Emunah .
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James Waddel Alexander
1804 - 1859 (55 years)
James Waddel Alexander was an American Presbyterian minister and theologian who followed in the footsteps of his father, Rev. Archibald Alexander. Early life Alexander was born in 1804 in Louisa County, Virginia, the eldest son of Rev. Archibald Alexander and his wife Janetta Waddel. He was born on the Hopewell estate near present-day Gordonsville at the residence of his maternal grandfather after whom he was named, the blind Presbyterian preacher James Waddel. His younger brothers included William Cowper Alexander , president of the New Jersey State Senate and first president of the Equitabl...
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Moses Hoge
1752 - 1820 (68 years)
Moses Hoge was a Presbyterian minister as well as an educator and abolitionist. He served as the sixth President of Hampden–Sydney College. Early life Moses Hoge was born in Cedar Grove, Virginia, to James and Nancy Hoge in 1752.
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Giovanni Maria Lampredi
1731 - 1793 (62 years)
Giovanni Maria Lampredi was an Italian jurist, scholar, and writer, active in Tuscany. He is also remembered for his text on Etruscan culture. Biography He was born in Rovezzano to a family of modest means. An older brother became a Franciscan friar, but Giovanni Maria studied classical languages and literature at the Seminario Eugeniano in Florence under Francesco Poggini. He studied philosophy under the provost Francesco Fossi. Graduating with a degree in canon law and theology in 1756, he joined the intellectual circles including of Giovanni Lami, Marco Lastri, and Giuseppe Bencivenni Pelli.
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Matthias Loy
1828 - 1915 (87 years)
Matthias Loy was an American Lutheran theologian in the Evangelical Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio. Loy was a prominent pastor, editor, author and hymnist who served as president of Capital University, Columbus, Ohio.
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Ernst Tillich
1910 - 1985 (75 years)
Ernst Tillich was a German theologian. He survived the twelve Nazi years, but nevertheless spent much of the period in state detention, including more than three years in the concentration camp at Sachsenhausen. Subsequently, between 1951 and 1958, Tillich led the Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit , a US funded militant campaigning anti-communist organisation, based in West Berlin, which supported resistance to the one-party dictatorship that had established itself as the German Democratic Republic in October 1949.
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Ibn Abi Talib al-Dimashqi
Ibn Abi Talib al-Dimashqi , , was a Syrian scholar and theologian of Islam. He was born near Damascus and remained in his hometown until his death. He worked on several subjects and served as an Imam at al-Rabwa. Ibn Abi Talib al-Dimashqi was given the titles Shaykh al-Rabwa and Shams al-Din. He likely had a son named Abd Allah, hence his Abu Abd Allah.
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Martin Cellarius
1499 - 1564 (65 years)
Martin Borrhaus was a German Protestant theologian and reformer. Life Borrhaus was born in Stuttgart and raised as an adopted child of a Simon Keller. He enrolled at the University of Tübingen, where in 1515 he graduated and came to know Philipp Melanchthon. In 1520, he moved to the University of Ingolstadt, where he took up the study of Greek and Hebrew, and theology under Johann Eck. Following a dispute with Eck, he left for Wittenberg, where he taught mathematics at the private school of Melanchthon. However his ideas became more radical, and he was expelled for heterodoxy in April 1522. Borrhaus travelled in the company of Felix Manz through Switzerland, Austria, Poland and Prussia.
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Sayyed Ibn Tawus
1193 - 1266 (73 years)
Sayyed Radhi ud-Deen Ali ibn Musa ibn Tawus al Hasani wal Husaini commonly called Sayyed Ibn Tawus was a Shiite jurist, theologian, historian and astrologer. He was a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali through his father and a descendant of Husain ibn Ali through his mother. It is said that he met the twelfth Shiite imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, who according to Shiites is living in occultation. He is known for his library and his numerous works which are still available in their original form and help us learn about the interests of Muslim scholars at the end of the Abbasid era.
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Conrad of Megenberg
1309 - 1374 (65 years)
Conrad of Megenberg was a German Catholic scholar, and a writer. Biography Conrad was born in either Mainberg or Mebenburg, both in Bavaria. He was born on 2 February 1309. Conrad himself calls his native place Megenberg, hence continued confusion on his birthplace. He studied at Erfurt and the University of Paris; at the latter university he obtained the degree of Master of Arts, and he taught philosophy and theology at the University of Paris for several years.
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Caspar Abel
1676 - 1763 (87 years)
Caspar Abel was a German theologian, historian and poet. Abel was born in Hindenburg in der Altmark, the son of a pastor, and gained his theological education in Braunschweig and Helmstedt. In 1696 he became rector in Osterburg, in 1698 at the Johannisschule in Halberstadt. In 1718 he became pastor in Westdorf near Aschersleben where he died in 1763. His son Joachim Gottwalt Abel also became a pastor.
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Jacques Le Fèvre
1645 - 1716 (71 years)
Jacques Le Fèvre was a French Roman Catholic theologian and controversialist. Life He became archdeacon of Lisieux and vicar-general of the Archbishopric of Bourges. In 1674 he received a doctorate in theology from the Sorbonne.
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Thomas of Chobham
1160 - 1230 (70 years)
Thomas of Chobham , was an English theologian and subdean of Salisbury, who was born c. 1160, presumably in Chobham, Surrey, England, and died between 1233 and 1236 in Salisbury, England. Thomas Chobham studied in Paris in the 1180s, likely under Peter the Chanter. He is best known for his influential work on penance which combines Canon law, theology, and practical advice for confessors. It is known by many titles, and there has been much confusion over both author and incipit, which is often related as Cum miseratione domini. More fully and correctly, this should be "Cum miserationes domini sint super omnia".
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Michael Glykas
1125 - 1204 (79 years)
Michael Glykas or Glycas was a 12th-century Byzantine historian, theologian, mathematician, astronomer and poet. He was probably from Corfu and lived in Constantinople. He was a critic of Manuel I Komnenos, and was imprisoned and blinded due to his participation in a conspiracy against the emperor. He is also identified by modern scholarship with Michael Sikidites , who was condemned as a heresiarch in 1200.
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Ruard Tapper
1487 - 1559 (72 years)
Ruard Tapper was a Dutch theologian of the Catholic Reformation, a chancellor of Leuven University, and an inquisitor. Life Tapper was born at Enkhuizen, County of Holland, on 15 February 1487. He matriculated at Leuven University on 11 June 1503, and graduated M.A. in 1507, placing second highest in his year. While studying Theology he taught physics and logic, and in 1511 sat on the university council on behalf of the Faculty of Arts. In 1517 he served as dean of the Faculty of Arts. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1515, and graduated Licentiate of Sacred Theology on 3 June 1516 and Doctor of Sacred Theology on 16 August 1519.
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Carl Peter Wilhelm Gramberg
1797 - 1830 (33 years)
Carl Peter Wilhelm Gramberg was a German theologian and biblical scholar. Biography Gramberg attended university at Halle, where he studied Hebrew Bible and Theology under Wilhelm Gesenius and Julius Wegscheider. His major work, in addition to commentaries on Chronicles and Genesis, was the Kritische Geschichte der Religionsideen des alten Testaments, of which he published two of a projected four volumes before his death in Oldenburg at the age of thirty-three.
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Petrus Johannes Meindaerts
1684 - 1767 (83 years)
Petrus Johannes Meindaerts served as the tenth Archbishop of Utrecht from 1739 to 1767. After the death of his consecrator, Bishop Dominique Marie Varlet, Meindaerts consecrated other bishops, such that all later Old Catholic bishops derive their apostolic succession from him.
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Palladius of Ratiaria
301 - 400 (99 years)
Palladius of Ratiaria was a late 4th century Arian Christian theologian, based in the Roman province of Dacia in modern Romania. He was deposed from his office, together with Secundianus of Singidunum, at the Council of Aquileia, held in 381 AD.
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Johann Heinrich Ernesti
1652 - 1729 (77 years)
Johann Heinrich Ernesti was a Saxon philosopher, Lutheran theologian, Latin classicist and poet. He was rector of the Thomasschule, and Professor of Poetry at Leipzig University. He gained fame through his writings on Cicero.
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Francisco de Enzinas
1518 - 1552 (34 years)
Francisco de Enzinas , also known by the humanist name Francis Dryander , was a classical scholar, translator, author, Protestant reformer and apologist of Spanish origin. Family and education Francisco de Enzinas was born in Burgos, Spain, probably on 1 November 1518. He was one of ten children of the successful wool merchant Juan de Enzinas. The mater of his correspondence was his stepmother, Beatriz de Santa Cruz, whose family included the wealthy Low Countries merchant Jerónimo de Salamanca Santa Cruz and the churchman Alonso de Santa Cruz, treasurer of Burgos Cathedral.
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Al-Muzani
791 - 878 (87 years)
Abū Ibrāīm Ismā'īl ibn Yahyā Ibn Ismā'īl Ibn 'Amr Ibn Muslim Al-Muzanī Al-Misrī was an Islamic jurist and theologian and one of leading member of Shafi'i school. A native of Cairo, he was a close disciple and companion of Imam Shafi'i. He has been called Al-Imam, al-'Allamah, Faqih al-Millah, and 'Alam az-Zahad. He was skilled in the legal verdicts and became one of the inheritors of Imam Shafi’i. Imam Shafi’i said about him: " al-Muzani is the standard-bearer of my school". He lived an ascetic life and died at the age of 89 on the 24th of Ramadan 264/30 May 878 and was buried near Imam al-Sh...
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Dumitru Cornilescu
1891 - 1975 (84 years)
Dumitru Cornilescu was a Romanian archdeacon who produced a popular translation of the Bible into Romanian, published in 1921. Although referred to as "Father Cornilescu", he was never ordained as a Romanian Orthodox priest. After his conversion, he served as a Protestant minister. Cornilescu's translation is the most popular version of the Bible among Romanian Protestants.
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Maurice Zundel
1897 - 1975 (78 years)
Maurice Zundel was a Swiss theologian. Formation Zundel completed his Doctor of Philosophy in 1927 at the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum with a dissertation directed by Reginald Garrigou-Lagrange entitled L'Influence du nominalisme sur la pensée chrétienne.
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Theobald of Étampes
1080 - 1120 (40 years)
Theobald of Étampes was a medieval schoolmaster and theologian hostile to priestly celibacy. He is the first scholar known to have lectured at Oxford and is considered a forerunner of Oxford University.
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Carlo Maria Curci
1809 - 1891 (82 years)
Carlo Maria Curci, SJ was an Italian theologian from Naples. A Jesuit from the age of 16, he was expelled from the Society of Jesus in 1884 after spending the preceding decade challenging perceived political and spiritual problems within the Catholic Church. After his expulsion, he was financially supported by Cardinal Henry Edward Manning. He was re-admitted to the Society of Jesus a few months before his death in 1891.
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Vitus Georg Tönnemann
1659 - 1740 (81 years)
Vitus Georg Tönnemann , a German Jesuit, was the only confessor to Emperor Charles VI from 1711 to 1740 - throughout his reign. Despite that position, he is largely a forgotten figure now. Biography Tönnemann was born in 1659 in Höxter, the son of Heinrich Tönnemann, lawyer and adviser to the Prince-Bishop of Muster . His nephew, Baron Christoph von Tönnemann, became an Imperial Court Judge in Wetzlar. Tönnemann was educated at the Jesuit Gymnasium in Paderborn, then studied Literae Humaniores for four years at the Paderborn University. On 7 December 1677 he entered the Jesuit Order, taking the name Vitus.
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Alfred Tooming
1907 - 1977 (70 years)
Alfred Tooming was an Estonian prelate who served as the Archbishop of Tallinn and Primate of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church between 1967 and 1977. He was born on Idu farm in Ülejõe, Anija Parish, Governorate of Estonia in the Russian Empire, the son of Tõnu Tooming and Miina Roop. He studied at Kehra Municipal School between 1916 and 1919 and in 1927 graduated from the Jakob Westholm Gymnasium. From 1927 to 1932 he studied at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Tartu. He was ordained priest in St. Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn on 2 September 1934.
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Peter Baro
1534 - 1599 (65 years)
Peter Baro was a French Huguenot minister, ordained by John Calvin, but later in England a critic of some Calvinist theological positions. His views in relation to the Lambeth Articles cost him his position as Lady Margaret's Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. He was a forerunner of views, to be called Arminian or Laudian, more common a generation later in England.
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Johann Jakob Scheffmacher
1668 - 1733 (65 years)
Johann Jakob Scheffmacher was an Alsatian Jesuit theologian. Life Scheffmacher was born at Kientzheim, Alsace. In 1715, while teaching theology in the Catholic University of Strasburg, he was appointed to the chair of apologetics, founded in the cathedral of that city by Louis XIV. He was rector of the university . He died, aged 64, at Strasbourg.
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Ortwin
1475 - 1542 (67 years)
Hardwin von Grätz , better known in English as Ortwin , was a German humanist scholar and theologian. Ortwin was born in Holtwick and died in Cologne, Germany. He was raised by his uncle, Johannes von Grätz, in Deventer. In 1501 he left to pursue philosophical studies at the University of Cologne. After joining Kyuk Burse, Ortwin became licensed in 1505, attained Masters level in 1506, and became an Art Professor in 1507. He supplemented his salary by proofing documents for the Quentell printing house and wrote introductions and poetic dedications in the volumes of classical authors of the Mi...
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Otto Fridolinus Fritzsche
1812 - 1896 (84 years)
Otto Fridolinus Fritzsche also Otto Fridolin Fritzsche was a German Protestant theologian. His father, Christian Friedrich Fritzsche , was also a minister and theologian, . He studied at the University of Halle, where in 1836 he obtained his habilitation. In 1837 he became an associate professor of theology at the University of Zurich. In 1842 he became a titular professor, followed by a full professorship in 1860. At the same time, he held from 1844 until his death, the post of chief librarian at the cantonal library.
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Yusuf ibn Ahmad
1695 - 1772 (77 years)
#3385
Angelo Rocca
1545 - 1620 (75 years)
Angelo Rocca was an Italian humanist, librarian and bishop, founder of the Angelica Library at Rome, afterwards accessible from 1604 as a public library. Biography Angelo Rocca is also known as Cameras Camerinus from the Augustinian monastery at Camerino. He studied at Perugia, Rome and Venice. In 1577 he graduated as a doctor in theology from Padua. After serving as superior-general of the Augustinian Monastery there from 1579, he became the head of the Vatican printing-office in 1585. In 1595 he was appointed sacristan in the papal chapel. In 1605 he was granted the office of titular Bishop...
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Athanase Laurent Charles Coquerel
1795 - 1868 (73 years)
Athanase Laurent Charles Coquerel was a French Protestant theologian, born in Paris, elected deputy of the Constituent Assembly after the revolution of February 1848. Life He received his early education from his aunt, Helen Maria Williams, an Englishwoman, who at the close of the 18th century gained a reputation by various translations and by her Letters from France. He completed his theological studies at the Protestant seminary of Montauban, and in 1816 was ordained minister. In 1817 he was invited to become pastor of the chapel of St Paul at Jersey, but he declined, being unwilling to subscribe to the Thirty-nine Articles of the Church of England.
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Jakob Zukrigl
1807 - 1876 (69 years)
Jakob Zukrigl was an Austrian-German Catholic theologian born in the Moravian village of Gross-Olkowitz. He was a prominent supporter of the philosophical teachings of Anton Günther . Following his ordination in 1831, he worked as a chaplain in the town of Laa. Later on, he served as a chaplain in Hainburg and afterwards in Vienna , where in 1847 he was appointed professor of Christian philosophy at the university. Soon afterwards, he relocated to the University of Tübingen, where he was a professor of philosophy and apologetics from 1848 to 1873. Among his written works are the following:Wis...
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John of Falkenberg
1385 - 1430 (45 years)
John of Falkenberg or Johannes Falkenberg was a German Dominican theologian and writer. His prominence in medieval history is due partly to the share he took in the Western Schism, but chiefly to his involving himself in the long-standing disputes between the Teutonic Knights of Prussia on one side and the allied Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania on the other. He is known as one of the first thinkers to advocate genocide of another nation.
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Stephen Nye
1648 - 1719 (71 years)
Stephen Nye was an English clergyman, known as a theological writer and for his Unitarian views. Life Son of John Nye, he graduated B.A. at Magdalene College, Cambridge in 1665. He became rector of Little Hormead, Hertfordshire in 1679. Thomas Firmin was a close associate.
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William Beloe
1756 - 1817 (61 years)
William Beloe was an English divine and miscellaneous writer. Biography Beloe was born at Norwich the son of a tradesman, and received a liberal education. After a day school in Norwich he was schooled under the Rev. Matthew Raine, who taught at Hartforth; and subsequently under Samuel Parr, whom he describes as "severe, wayward, and irregular". His departure from Parr's school at Stanmore was hastened by quarrels with his schoolfellows, and at Benet College, Cambridge he got into trouble by writing epigrams. Parr, on becoming headmaster of Norwich grammar school, offered him the assistant mastership.
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Denton E. Rebok
1897 - 1983 (86 years)
Denton Edward Rebok was a Seventh-day Adventist educator and administrator. Born in Pennsylvania, he served the denomination for 44 years. He spent 23 years as a missionary in China. While there he founded the China Training Institute, a junior college located in the town of Qiaotou in northern Jiangsu province, about 160 miles from Shanghai and 30 miles from Nanjing, in 1925. He taught at Washington Missionary College, La Sierra College, was president of Southern Missionary College also Dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary. He served briefly as chair of the Ellen G. White Estate board of trustees in 1952, and gave two presentations about Ellen G.
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David Gordon Lyon
1852 - 1935 (83 years)
David Gordon Lyon was an American theologian. Biography David Gordon Lyon was born in Benton, Alabama on May 24, 1852, the son of a doctor. In 1875 he received his AB from Howard College in Marion, Alabama. . He studied at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary under Crawford Howell Toy, and went to Germany, and received his PhD from the University of Leipzig in 1882, in the study of Syriac. While there, he met Tosca Woehler, whom he married in 1883.
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Nicolette Bruining
1886 - 1963 (77 years)
Nicolette Adriana Bruining was a Dutch theologian and founding president of the Liberal Protestant Radio Broadcasting Corporation . She was also a teacher and humanitarian, assisting Jews during the Second World War. Her aid was acknowledged by the state of Israel, which posthumously awarded her as Righteous Among the Nations in 1990.
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Silvio Antoniano
1540 - 1603 (63 years)
Silvio Antoniani was a musician, canon lawyer, writer on education, priest and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, who spent most of his career in the Roman Curia. Life The son of a poor wool merchant, his talent with the lyre at a young age drew the attention of many patrons and led indirectly to his career in the Church.
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Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind
1767 - 1829 (62 years)
Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind was a German Protestant theologian born in Neuenstadt am Kocher. In 1783, he began his theological studies at the Protestant seminar in Tübingen, later embarking on an extensive journey throughout Germany . Afterwards, he served as "pastor repentant" at Tübinger Stift, followed by a vicariate in Stuttgart . Between 1795 and 1798, he served as a Diakonus in Urach. In 1798, he became an associate professor at the University of Tübingen, and in 1805 returned to Stuttgart, where he was appointed Oberhofprediger and Konsistorialrat. In 1809, he was involved in the litur...
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Thomas Bouquillon
1840 - 1902 (62 years)
Thomas-Joseph Bouquillon was a Belgian Catholic theologian, priest and professor. Bouquillon was the first professor of moral theology at the Catholic University of America and introduced social sciences into its curriculum.
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Petrus van Mastricht
1630 - 1706 (76 years)
Petrus van Mastricht was a Reformed theologian. He was born in Cologne to a refugee from Maastricht during the Dutch revolt. His father's family name was originally "Schoning," but he changed it to "van Mastricht" on moving to Cologne. Petrus occasionally used the Latinized pseudonym Scheuneneus. Johannes Hoornbeeck was Masticht's pastor from 1639 to 1643 and his teacher at the University of Utrecht starting in 1647, along with Gisbertus Voetius and others. From 1650 to 1652 he took a tour of study at Leiden University and possibly Oxford and the University of Heidelberg. From there he took pastorates at Xanten, Glückstadt, Frankfurt an der Oder, and Duisburg.
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Al-Baqillani
950 - 1013 (63 years)
Abū Bakr Muḥammad ibn aṭ-Ṭayyib al-Bāqillānī , often known as al-Bāqillānī, was an Sunni Arab polymath who specialized in theology, jurisprudence, logic and hadith who spent much of his life defending and strengthening the Ash'ari school of theology within Islam. An accomplished rhetorical stylist and orator, al-Baqillani was held in high regard by his contemporaries for his expertise in debating theological and jurisprudential issues. Al-Dhahabi called him "The Learned Imam, Incomparable Master, Foremost of the Scholars, Author of many books, The Example of Articulateness and Intelligence."
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Juan Andrés
1740 - 1817 (77 years)
Juan Andrés y Morell was a Spanish Jesuit priest, Christian humanist and literary critic of the Age of Enlightenment. He was the creator of world history and comparative literature through the most important and extensive of his works: Dell'Origine, progressi e stato d'ogni attuale letteratura – Origen, progresos y estado actual de toda la literatura only recently restored to a critical and complete edition. He is one of the most important authors, together with Lorenzo Hervás, Antonio Eximeno, Francisco Javier Clavijero or Celestino Mutis, of the Spanish Universalist School of the 18th ce...
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Christian Siegmund Georgi
1702 - 1771 (69 years)
Christian Siegmund Georgi was an evangelical theologian at Wittenberg in the heart of Germany. Life Christian Siegmund Georgi was born in Luckau, a small town in Lusatian flat lands south of Berlin. His father was a senior official in the town. He attended school locally till 1720 when he moved to Zwickau to further his education. On 4 June 1722 he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg. Alongside his interest in Theology, he initially devoted himself to the study of classical and oriental languages. On 30 April 1723 he was awarded his Magister degree from the Philosophy Faculty.
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