The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
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List of the most influential people in Religious Studies,
#4001
Luis de Lossada
1681 - 1748 (67 years)
Luis de Lossada was a Spanish Jesuit theologian and philosophical writer. Lossada was born at Quiroga, Galicia, Spain. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1698, and, after completing his studies, taught theology, Scripture, and philosophy at Salamanca, where he died.
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Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour
1909 - 1970 (61 years)
Mohamed Fadhel Ben Achour was a Tunisian theologian, writer, trade unionist, intellectual and patriot born in La Marsa. Biography Born October 16, 1909, in a family of Scholars, Magistrates and High Officials of the upper middle class of Tunisia, he began to learn the Quran and Arabic grammar from the age of three years. He also learns French language at the age of nine. He made his entry in 1922 in Zitouna where he is directly enrolled in second year. In 1928, he obtained the first diploma of Zitounian high school leaving, then called tatwi. In 1931, he enrolled at the Faculty of Letters of Algiers as a free auditor.
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Albert Knoll
1796 - 1863 (67 years)
Albert Knoll was an Austrian Capuchin dogmatic theologian. Life He was ordained to the priesthood in November, 1818, and five years later was appointed to teach dogmatic theology in the Capuchin convent at Merano. He held this position for 25 years. Having been elected to the office of definitor general in 1847, he went to Rome, but returned to Bolzano, in 1853, when his term of office had expired.
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Johannes Nider
1380 - 1438 (58 years)
Johannes Nider was a German theologian. Life Nider was born in Swabia. He entered the Order of Preachers at Colmar and after profession was sent to Vienna for his philosophical studies, which he finished at Cologne, where he was ordained. He gained a wide reputation in Germany as a preacher and was active at the Council of Constance. After making a study of the convents of his order of strict observance in Italy he returned to the University of Vienna, where in 1425 he began teaching as Master of Theology.
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James Relly
1722 - 1778 (56 years)
James Relly was a Welshman, Methodist minister and mentor of John Murray who spread Universalism in the United States. Biography Relly was born at Jeffreyston, Pembrokeshire, Wales. He attended the Pembroke Grammar School, came under the influence of George Whitefield, probably in the latter's first tour of Wales in 1741, and became one of his preachers. His first station was at Rhyddlangwraig near Narberth; and in 1747 he made a report of a missionary tour to Bristol, Bath, Gloucestershire, and Birmingham. He broke, however, with Whitefield on doctrinal grounds - his views on the certainty o...
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John M. Mason
1770 - 1829 (59 years)
John Mitchell Mason was an American preacher and theologian who was Provost of Columbia College in the early 1810s, and briefly President of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania in the early 1820s.
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Johann Smidt
1773 - 1857 (84 years)
Johann Smidt was an important Bremen politician, theologian, and founder of Bremerhaven. Biography Smidt was a son of the Reformed preacher Johann Smidt sen., pastor at St. Stephen Church in Bremen. Smidt jun. studied theology in Jena, and was one of the founders of the Gesellschaft der freien Männer . He was ordained Reformed preacher in Zürich in 1797. He then became Professor of History at the Gymnasium illustre in his hometown. He then became 'Syndikus' for the Älterleute and in 1800 'Ratsherr' , a position in which he exerted considerable influence on the governmental and commercial d...
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William of Pagula
1290 - 1332 (42 years)
William of Pagula , also known as William Paull or William Poull, was a 14th-century English canon lawyer and theologian best known for his written works, particularly his manual for priests entitled the Oculus Sacerdotis. Pagula was made the perpetual vicar of the church at Winkfield on 5 March 1314, although he was absent from his parish for several years while pursuing a doctorate in Canon Law from the University of Oxford. After this was granted he returned to work with his parish, and his writings are written from the perspective of someone familiar with the job of a rural priest.
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Daniel Tossanus
1541 - 1602 (61 years)
Daniel Tossanus was a French Reformed theologian. Life He was born at Montbéliard on 15 July 1541, the son of Pierre Toussain. He was educated at Basel and Tübingen. Returning to France he preached for six months in his native town, and went to Orléans, 1560, where, after being a teacher of Hebrew, he was ordained minister of the local Reformed church in 1561. In 1568 he was forced to flee with other Protestants, but was soon discovered and imprisoned for two weeks. He then left with his family to Montargis, where he was protected by the duchess of Ferrara until the king of France demanded t...
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Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi
1240 - 1310 (70 years)
Abu al-Barakat al-Nasafi , was an eminent Hanafi scholar, Qur'an exegete , and a Maturidi theologian. He is perhaps best known for his Tafsir Madarik al-Tanzil wa Haqa'iq al-Ta'wil . He was one of the foremost figures of the classical period of Hanafi jurisprudence and one of the major scholars of the Maturidi school in the Sunni tradition, which developed in parallel with Hanafiyya, who made a tremendous contribution in the field of Islamic sciences in Central Asia, especially to the dissemination of the Hanafian order and teachings of the Maturidi school in the Islamic world and left a great...
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Thomas Holland
1539 - 1612 (73 years)
Thomas Holland was an English Calvinist scholar and theologian, and one of the translators of the King James Version of the Bible. Early life Born in Ludlow, Shropshire, in 1549, son of John Holland, younger brother of William Holland of Burwarton, a village located ten miles north east of Ludlow. Often confused with his cousin Thomas , son of William, having the same name and being very close is age; the two even died the same year but six months apart. Thomas son of William was the heir to the Burwarton estate and was buried on 10 September 1612 in Stottesden, Shropshire, whereas Thomas ...
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Thomas Morton Harper
1821 - 1893 (72 years)
Thomas Morton Harper was an English Jesuit priest, philosopher, theologian and preacher. Born in London of Anglican parents, his father being a merchant of good means in the city, he was educated first at St Paul's School ; then at Queen's College, Oxford. Having taken his B.A. degree, he subsequently received orders in the Anglican Church, in which he worked for five years as a curate. His first mission was in Barnstaple in Devon. Here he manifested High Church proclivities and took a vigorous part in ecclesiastical controversies in the local press. Getting into collision with his bishop on ...
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Georg Major
1502 - 1574 (72 years)
Georg Major was a Lutheran theologian of the Protestant Reformation. Life Major was born in Nuremberg in 1502. At the age of nine he was sent to Wittenberg, and in 1521 he entered the university there. He was a student of Martin Luther and Philip Melanchthon, the latter being a particular influence. When Cruciger returned to Wittenberg in 1529, Major was appointed rector of the Johannisschule in Magdeburg, but in 1537 he became court preacher at Wittenberg and was ordained by Martin Luther. He began to lecture on theology in 1541.
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Simon Patrick
1626 - 1707 (81 years)
Simon Patrick was an English theologian and bishop. Life He was born at Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, eldest son of Henry Patrick, a wealthy merchant, on 8 September 1626, and attended Boston Grammar School. He entered Queens' College, Cambridge, in 1644, and after taking orders in 1651 became successively chaplain to Sir Walter St. John and vicar of Battersea, Surrey. He was afterwards preferred to the rectory of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, where he continued to labour during the plague.
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August Kayser
1821 - 1885 (64 years)
August Kayser was a Protestant theologian. For some years, Kayser was an assistant librarian at the University of Strasbourg. He was a private tutor from 1843 to 1855, and accepted a call to be a preacher to Stossweiler in 1858. In 1868 Kayser went to Neuhof, Alsace. He was appointed professor of theology in Strasbourg in 1873.
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Marcus Olaus Bockman
1849 - 1942 (93 years)
Marcus Olaus Bockman was a Norwegian-American Lutheran theologian. Background Marcus Olaus Bockman was born Marcus Olaus Bøckmann at Langesund in Bamble municipality, Telemark county, Norway. He was educated at Egersund High School, Aars and Voss Latin School, and the University of Christiania . After graduating as a Candidatus theologiæ, he was ordained as a priest of the Church of Norway.
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Gérard E. Weil
1926 - 1986 (60 years)
Gérard Emmanuel Weil was a French Hebraist and biblical scholar. He was professor at Université Nancy-II and later at Université Lyon-III, where he was the manager of the Centre d'analyse et de traitement automatique de la Bible . His research field was the Masoretic Text of the Hebrew Bible.
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Johann Michael Dilherr
1604 - 1669 (65 years)
Johann Michael Dilherr was a German Protestant theologian and philologist at the universities of Jena and Atldorf . Life Johann Michael Dilherr was born at Themar, a small walled market town to the south of Erfurt in the German heartland. Johann Dilherr, his father, was an administrative official. The boy grew up in modest circumstances, but when he was 13 he was able to progress to the Gymnasium at nearby Schleusingen. In 1623 he moved on to university, studying successively at Jena, Leipzig, Wittenberg and Atldorf . He also supported himself by tutoring the sons of the nobility. A...
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Gottlieb Mohnike
1781 - 1841 (60 years)
Gottlieb Christian Friedrich Mohnike was a German pastor and philologist who was a native of Grimmen. He was the father of physician Otto Gottlieb Mohnike . He studied theology at the Universities of Greifswald and Jena, afterwards spending several years as a private instructor on the island of Rügen. In 1813 he became pastor at St. Jakobi Church in Stralsund, and in 1824 was awarded an honorary doctorate of theology from the University of Greifswald.
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Asad ibn al-Furat
759 - 828 (69 years)
Asad Ibn Al-Furat was a Muslim jurist and theologian in Ifriqiya, who played an important role in the Arab conquest of Sicily. Biography His family, originally from Harran in Upper Mesopotamia, emigrated with him to Ifriqiya. Asad studied in Medina with Malik ibn Anas, the founder of the Malikite school, and in Kufa with a disciple of Abu Hanifa, the founder of the Hanafite tradition. He collected his views on religious law in the Asadiyya, which had great influence in Ifriqiya.
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Alexander Fletcher
1787 - 1860 (73 years)
Alexander Fletcher , the Children's Friend, was a Scottish kirk minister, and later an Independent divine in England. Author of numerous devotional works, and founder of the Finsbury Chapel in London, he was widely acknowledged as the pioneer of preaching to audiences of children and attracting large crowds of young people to nonconformist chapels through specially designed events and services as well as through Sunday schools.
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Salomon Deyling
1677 - 1755 (78 years)
Salomon Deyling was a Lutheran theologian, born on 14 September 1677, at Weida, in Thuringia. He studied at the University of Wittenberg, where he received his magister degree in 1699. In 1703 he became adjunct in the faculty of philosophy, and in 1710 a doctor of theology. In 1716 he was made general superintendent at Eisleben, and moved to take up the pastorate of the Nicolaikirche at Leipzig in 1720. He served as a full professor of theology at the University of Leipzig from 1722 up until his death. He died on 5 August 1755.
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Klaus Bockmuehl
1931 - 1989 (58 years)
Klaus Erich Bockmuehl was a Professor of Systematic Theology and Ethics at Regent College, Vancouver. Biography Bockmuehl was born on May 6, 1931, in Essen, Germany, to Erich Enil Bockmuehl and Johanna Karoline Ihlo. He was spiritually shaped by the teaching of Wilhelm Busch , the German pietist pastor of Weigle House, and was inspired about the importance of Christian mission through an encounter with Toyohiko Kagawa, when Kagawa was visiting Weigle House in 1950. He later pursued theological and philosophical studies, completing a DTheol at the University of Basel in 1959. During this time...
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John Aikin
1713 - 1780 (67 years)
John Aikin was an English Unitarian scholar and theological tutor, closely associated with Warrington Academy, a prominent dissenting academy. Life Aikin was born in 1713 in London. His father, a linen-draper, came originally from Kirkcudbright, in southern Scotland. He was placed for a short time as French clerk in a mercantile house, but entered Kibworth Academy, then run by Philip Doddridge, for whom Aikin was the first pupil. He then went to Aberdeen University, where the anti-Calvinist opinions of the tutors gradually led him to Low Arianism, as it was then called, which afterwards became the distinguishing feature of the Warrington Academy.
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Juan de Villagarcía
1529 - 1564 (35 years)
Juan de Villagarcía was a Spanish Dominican from Valladolid, known as the witness to one of the statements of confession and recantation by Thomas Cranmer. Life He was a pupil of Bartolomé de Carranza, and came to England with Carranza, brought by Philip II of Spain. He was a Fellow and Praelector in Theology of Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1555.
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Benedictus Aretius
1522 - 1574 (52 years)
Benedictus Aretius was a Swiss Protestant theologian, Protestant reformer and natural philosopher. Life He was born at Bätterkinden, in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. He studied at Strasbourg and at Marburg, where he became professor of logic. He was called to Bern as a school-teacher, 1548, and became professor of theology, 1564.
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Oliver Chase Quick
1885 - 1944 (59 years)
Oliver Chase Quick was an English theologian, philosopher, and Anglican priest. Early life and education Oliver Quick was born on 21 June 1885 in Sedbergh, Yorkshire, the son of the educationist Robert Hebert Quick and Bertha Parr. He was educated at Harrow School and studied classics and theology at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
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John Ingram
1565 - 1594 (29 years)
John Ingram was an English Jesuit and martyr from Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, who was executed in Gateshead on 26 July 1594, during the reign of Elizabeth I. Life Ingram was probably the son of Anthony Ingram of Wolford, Warwickshire, by Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Hungerford. Fr Zielinski refers to the oft-recorded claim that he went to Oxford, where he converted to Catholicism, and left Oxford without completing his studies. Ingram is as a consequence sometimes referred to as one of the “Oxford Martyrs”. This is however an error. Zielinski quotes John Wainright, who noted that there was i...
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Pietro Alagona
1549 - 1624 (75 years)
Pietro Alagona was a Catholic theologian. Alagona was born in Syracuse. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1564, taught philosophy and theology, and was Rector of Trapani. He died in Rome. His first works were published under the family name of his mother, Givarra. Later on he used his own name, Alagona, and is best known for his Compendium of the works of Martin Aspilcueta, who was a doctor of theology in Navarre. This Martin Aspilcueta was the uncle of St. Francis Xavier. The Enchiridion, seu Manuale Confessariorum, which was compiled by Alagona, went through at least twenty-three editions....
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Justus Menius
1499 - 1558 (59 years)
Justus Menius was a German Lutheran pastor and Protestant reformer whose name is Latinized from Jost or Just Menig. Early life Menius was born in Fulda to poor but respectable parents. Entering the University of Erfurt in 1514, he received his bachelor's degree in 1515 and his master's degree in 1516. At this time, in association with the keen humanists Conrad Mutian, Crotus Rubeanus, and Eoban Hess, Menius became more sceptical. Moving to Wittenberg in 1519, he became evangelical under the teaching of Philipp Melanchthon and the preaching of Martin Luther.
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John Baptist Hogan
1829 - 1901 (72 years)
John Baptist Hogan , also known as Abbé Hogan, was an Irish-French Catholic theologian and educator. He was born near Ennis, County Clare, Ireland, and died at Saint-Sulpice, Paris, France. Hogan, a member of the Sulpician order, was the first rector of Saint John's Seminary in Boston, founded in 1884. From 1889 to 1894, he taught at the new Catholic University in Washington, D.C., but returned to Saint John's Seminary for another term as rector after the death of his successor, Charles B. Rex.
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John L. Withrow
1837 - 1909 (72 years)
John Lindsay Withrow was an American Presbyterian minister and theologian. Early life and education Withrow was born in Coatesville, Pennsylvania in 1837 to John Mitchell Withrow and Keziah Withrow. As a youth, Withrow studied at Tuscarora Academy and Media Classical Institute. Withrow graduated from Princeton University in 1860 and Princeton Theological Seminary in 1863. He married Anna Judson Hinckel that same year. Withrow later received a D.D. from Lafayette College in 1872 and a LL.D. from Knox College in 1896.
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Matthew J. Walsh
1882 - 1963 (81 years)
The Rev. Matthew J. Walsh, C.S.C. was an American priest and President of the University of Notre Dame from 1922 to 1928, after having served has Vice President 1912–22. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame and obtained a Ph.D. from the Catholic University of America, and attended courses at Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University . He served as military chaplain in World War I in 1918–19. He was professor of history at Notre Dame from 1908 to 1922 and then from 1935 to 1951.
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Johann Michael Heineccius
1674 - 1722 (48 years)
Johann Michael Heineccius was a well-known German preacher and theologian, the brother of Johann Gottlieb Heineccius. He was born in Eisenberg, Thuringia. He was made pastor at the Liebfrauenkirche in Halle, where his role was to supervise the music at the local church and write cantata texts.
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Christopher Wittich
1625 - 1687 (62 years)
Christoph Wittich or Christophorus Wittichius was a Dutch theologian. He is known for attempting to reconcile Descartes' philosophy with the Scriptures. Life He studied theology in Bremen, Groningen and Leiden, and taught theology, mathematics, and Hebrew at Herborn , Duisburg , Nijmegen and Leiden . Starting from his 1653 publication Dissertationes Duæ he defended a non-literal interpretation of the Bible texts that were quoted by Voetius to prove the unscriptural nature of Descartes' Copernican beliefs, and tried to reconcile philosophy and theology.
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Edward Génicot
1856 - 1900 (44 years)
Edward Génicot, born at Antwerp , 18 June 1856, and died at Leuven , 21 February 1900, was a Belgian Jesuit priest and moral theologian. Life After a course of studies at the Jesuit college in Antwerp, he entered the Society of Jesus on 27 September 1872. He was successively professor of humanities and of rhetoric at the Jesuit school of Ghent and at Antwerp. After being ordained priest and sustaining a public defense in all theology, taught first canon law and then moral theology at the Jesuit theological faculty of Louvain, from 1889 until his death.
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Henry of Oyta
1330 - 1397 (67 years)
Henry of Oyta was a German theologian and nominalist philosopher. Life He was born at Friesoythe in present-day Lower Saxony. Henry graduated M.A. at the University of Prague in 1355. He was then rector of a school in Erfurt, and returned to Prague in 1366. In the course of a long-running dispute, Adalbert Ranconis accused him of heresy in 1369–70. He began teaching at the University of Paris in 1377. For reasons connected with the Western Schism, he left Paris in 1381; he then taught at Prague, 1381 to 1381, lecturing there on the Psalms and Gospel of John. He was at the University of Vien...
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A. N. Sattampillai
1823 - 1918 (95 years)
Arumai Nayakam Sattampillai , known popularly as Arumainayagam Sattampillai, Arumainayagam, Sattampillai or Suttampillai , a Tamilian convert of Anglican church, was a catechist and the founder of first indigenous and independent Hindu Church of Lord Jesus, rejecting Western missionaries domination for the first time in the history of Indian subcontinent. This subversion paved the way for the development of a fusion model of Hindu-Christian religion, free from European missionary interference and also inspired the Indian national movement, largely centred on Bengal and Madras Presidency to fi...
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Nelle Morton
1905 - 1987 (82 years)
Nelle Katherine Morton was an American theologian, professor, feminist activist, and civil rights leader. She taught Christian Education for fourteen years at Drew University, during which time she became passionate about improving the position of women within the Christian faith. She wrote prolifically on religion, spirituality, feminism, intersectionality, and language. In 1985, she published an anthology of essays titled The Journey Is Home.
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John Simson
1668 - 1740 (72 years)
John Simson was a Scottish "New Licht" theologian, involved in a long investigation of alleged heresy. He was suspended from teaching as Professor of Divinity at the University of Glasgow for his later life.
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Gottfried Ephraim Scheibel
1696 - 1759 (63 years)
Gottfried Ephraim Scheibel was a German theologian and writer about music. Scheibel studied theology in Leipzig and from 1736 taught at the Elizabeth-Gymnasium in his home town of Breslau. Scheibel's most famous treatise, Zufällige Gedancken von der Kirchenmusic , was published in 1721. It presents a strong defense of the role of music in the Lutheran Church service, in particular music derived from opera. By way of example, he demonstrates the use of the parody technique—replacing secular texts with sacred ones, while keeping the music the same—using the music of Georg Philipp Telemann.
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Ludwig Joseph Uhland
1722 - 1803 (81 years)
Ludwig Joseph Uhland was a German doctor and professor of theology. Life Ludwig Joseph Uhland was born at Tübingen on 15 May 1722, where he also died on 15 December 1803. Works De Hist. Restaurati post Diluv. Orbis ab Exitu Noæ ex Arcausque ad Dispeisionen Gentiuns ;De Ordine Vaticiniorum, quæ in Sedecim Prophet. Scripta Extant, Chrionologico ;Annotationes ad Loca quædam Amosi, Imprim. Historica ;Annotationes in Hoseæ Cap. iii ;Cap. v, vi, 1–3 ;Cap. vi, 4–11; vii, 1–6 ;Cap. viii ;Cap. ix ;Dissertatio Exegetica in Hagg. ii, 1–9 .
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David Miall Edwards
1873 - 1941 (68 years)
David Miall Edwards was a Welsh Non-conformist writer and theologian who wrote in both Welsh and English. Edwards was born in Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire in 1873. He was educated at Bala-Bangor Theological Seminary and Mansfield College, Oxford. After a period as a minister, he became a teacher of theology at Brecon Congregational Memorial College, Aberhonndu , where he remained until his retirement in 1934. He died in Brecon on 29 January 1941.
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Martinus von Biberach
1500 - 1498 (-2 years)
Magister Martinus von Biberach was a theologian from Heilbronn, Germany. He is mostly remembered because of a priamel that has allegedly been his epitaph. Epitaph Reception While the attribution of the poem to Biberach is controversial, it has been cited and modified widely. Martin Luther in particular took issue with it, offering a contrary version in a sermon on John 8:46-59 for Judica Sunday: Ich lebe, so lang Gott will, / ich sterbe, wann und wie Gott will, / ich fahr und weiß gewiß, wohin, / mich wundert, daß ich traurig bin!
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Abu Hashim al-Jubba'i
888 - 933 (45 years)
Abū Hāshīm al-Jubbā'ī was a mu'tazili theologian. He was born in 888 in Basra, and died in 933 in Baghdad. He was the son of Abū 'Alī Muḥammad al-Jubbā'ī. Biography His main teacher in theology was his own father. After the latter's death in 915, he became the leader of the Mutazilite school of Basra. Around 926, he had to leave for Baghdad because of his poverty.
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Francisco de Araujo
1580 - 1664 (84 years)
Francisco de Araujo was a Spanish Catholic theologian. He was born at Verin, Galicia, Spain. In 1601, he entered the Dominican Order at Salamanca. He taught theology in the convent of St. Paul at Burgos, and in the latter year was made assistant to Peter of Herrera, the principal professor of theology at Salamanca. Six years later he succeeded to the chair, and held it until 1648, when he was appointed Bishop of Segovia. In 1656 he resigned his Episcopal see, and retired to the convent of his order at Madrid, where he died.
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Ben-Zion Bokser
1907 - 1984 (77 years)
Ben-Zion Bokser was a major Conservative rabbi in the United States. Biography Bokser was born in Liuboml, then a part of Poland, and emigrated to the United States at the age of 13 in 1920. He attended City College of New York and Rabbi Isaac Elhanan Theological Seminary, followed by the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and Columbia University . He taught for many years as an adjunct professor of political science, Queens College, City University of New York.
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Micurà de Rü
1789 - 1847 (58 years)
Micurà de Rü, born Nikolaus Bacher , was an Austrian Ladin-speaking Catholic presbyter and linguist best known for his writings on the Ladin language. Biography He was born as Nikolaus Bacher in vila Rü in San Ćiascian, now part of Badia, South Tyrol.
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Wilhelm Lamormaini
1571 - 1648 (77 years)
Wilhelm Germain Lamormaini was a Jesuit theologian, and an influential figure as confessor of the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand II during the Thirty Years' War. Life Lamormaini was born near Dochamps in the Duchy of Luxembourg , since 1482 part of the Habsburg Netherlands. His father, Everard Germain, was a farmer at the hamlet of Lamormenil, hence the name. Lamormaini studied first at the Jesuit gymnasium of Trier, and thence went to Prague, where he received his doctor's degree, and in 1590 entered the Jesuit Order in Brno. Ordained priest at Bratislava in 1596 and afterwards working as a tea...
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Alexander Nowell
1507 - 1602 (95 years)
Alexander Nowell was an Anglican priest and theologian. He served as Dean of St Paul's during much of Elizabeth I's reign, and is now remembered for his catechisms, written in Latin. Early life He was the eldest son of John Nowell of Read Hall, Read, Lancashire, by his second wife Elizabeth Kay of Rochdale, and was the brother of Laurence Nowell. His sister Beatrice was the mother of John Hammond; Robert Nowell, attorney of the court of wards, was his other brother.
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