The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
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List of the most influential people in Religious Studies,
#4351
Alexander Ales
1500 - 1565 (65 years)
Alexander Ales or Alexander Alesius was a Scottish theologian who emigrated to Germany and became a Lutheran supporter of the Augsburg Confession. Life Originally Alexander Alane, he was born at Edinburgh. He studied at St Andrews in the newly founded college of St Leonard's, where he graduated in 1515. Some time afterwards he was appointed a priest at the University's church, where he preached vigorously in favor of scholastic theology, Renaissance humanism, and anti-Protestantism. His views entirely changed, however, upon witnessing the 1528 execution by burning of Rev. Patrick Hamilton, a Lutheran Pastor and former abbot of Fern.
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N. Samuel of Tranquebar
1850 - 1927 (77 years)
Rev. N. Samuel of Tranquebar was a professor in divinity, pastor in the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church , and a hymnodist. He was a famous poet and author of many books. He was also the first member of the Leipzig Evangelical Lutheran Mission Council.
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John Eugenikos
1380 - 1453 (73 years)
John Eugenikos was a late Byzantine cleric and writer. He was the brother of Mark Eugenikos, and like him an ardent opponent of the Union of the Churches. Originally a notary and nomophylax at the Patriarchate of Constantinople, his opposition to the Union saw him exiled to the Despotate of the Morea, where he died. John participated briefly in the Council of Florence that ratified the Union, and also travelled to Trebizond and Mesembria.
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Karl Zimmermann
1803 - 1877 (74 years)
Justus Joseph Georg Friedrich Karl Zimmermann was a German Protestant theologian. His older brother, Ernst Zimmermann , was also a theologian. Born in the Hessian city of Darmstadt, He studied philology and theology at the universities of Giessen and Heidelberg, and for several years worked as a teacher in various schools. In 1835 he was named second court chaplain in Darmstadt, then obtained the title of first court chaplain in 1842. From 1847 onward, he served as a member of the consistory, a prelate and ecclesiastical superintendent at the Schlosskirche in Darmstadt.
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Joseph Emerson
1821 - 1900 (79 years)
Joseph Emerson was an American minister and theologian. Emerson, son of Professor Ralph Emerson, D.D. and Eliza Emerson, was born on May 28, 1821, at Norfolk, Connecticut, where his father was at the time pastor of the Congregational church. In 1829 his father became Professor of Ecclesiastical History in Andover Theological Seminary, in Andover, Massachusetts, and he was prepared for college at Phillips Academy in that place. During his senior year at Yale College he was one of the editors of the Yale Literary Magazine. He graduated from Yale in 1841.
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Friedrich Myconius
1490 - 1546 (56 years)
Friedrich Myconius was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer. He was a colleague of Martin Luther. Myconius was born in Lichtenfels, Bavaria, and he was educated there and at Annaberg, where he had an encounter with Johann Tetzel, a Dominican, in a disagreement over indulgences. His teacher, named Staffelstein, persuaded him in 1510 to enter the Franciscan order. That same night a dream turned his thoughts towards the religious standpoint which he subsequently reached as a Lutheran. From Annaberg he passed to Franciscan communities at Leipzig and Weimar, where he was ordained priest in 1516.
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Victorinus Strigel
1524 - 1569 (45 years)
Viktorin Strigel was a Philippist Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer. Life Victorinus Strigel was born 1524 in Kaufbeuren, the son of the physician Ivo Strigel. He attended the University of Freiburg in October 1542 and went to the University of Wittenberg to study philosophy and theology. There he became a follower of Philipp Melanchthon in 1544, earned a Master of Arts, and gave his own lectures. Due to the Schmalkaldic War, he fled with Melanchthon at first to Magdeburg and went to the University of Erfurt, where he also taught. From Erfurt, he was recommended to Jena, where he ...
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Agrippa Castor
Agrippa Castor has been identified as "the earliest recorded writer against heresy, and apparently the only one who composed a book solely devoted to the refutation of Basilides". Little is known of him besides second-hand passing in ancient historical references.
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Ludwig von Gerdtell
1872 - 1954 (82 years)
Friedrich Siegfried Heinrich Ludwig von Gerdtell was a German theologian associated with the Disciples of Christ movement. Ludwig von Gerdtell was born into an aristocratic Prussian family, his father and grandfather were officers in the Potsdam Guards Regiment. He did not follow this tradition and studied law, then theology with an emphasis on New Testament Studies. From 1902 to 1908 he worked as a traveling secretary for the German Student Christian Association. In 1908/09 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Erlangen with his work on Rudolf Eucken's position on early Christianity. He came to the conclusion that the statements of the New Testament church and the state disagreed.
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Francisco Foreiro
1523 - 1581 (58 years)
Francisco Foreiro was a Portuguese Dominican theologian and biblist. Biography Born in 1523 in Lisbon, he studied arts and theology and entered among the Dominicans in February 1539. King John III sent him to study theology in the university of Paris and, on his return to Lisbon, he appointed Foreiro his preacher. Prince Louis at the same time entrusted to him the education of his son, António.
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Nicholas Abram
1589 - 1655 (66 years)
Nicholas Abram was a Jesuit theologian and classicist. Biography Abram was born in Xaronval, in Lorraine, in the year 1589. He entered the Jesuit order in 1606, and took his final vows in 1623. Abram taught rhetoric at Pont-à-Mousson, then engaged in missionary work, and finally taught theology at Pont-à-Mousson from 1636 until 1653. He taught briefly at Dijon before returning once again to Pont-à-Mousson, where he died in 1655.
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Antoine Massoulié
1632 - 1706 (74 years)
Antoine Massoulié was a French Dominican theologian. He was uncompromising against Quietism, and Molinism. Life At an early age he entered the order of St. Dominic, in which he held many important offices; but above all these, he prized study, teaching, and writing. He refused a bishopric and asked to be relieved of distracting duties. It was said that he knew by heart the Summa of Thomas Aquinas.
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Leonardo Marini
1509 - 1573 (64 years)
Leonardo Marini was an Italian theologian and archbishop of the Dominican Order of the Catholic Church. Biography Marini was born on the island of Chios, in the Aegean Sea, to a noble Genoese family. He entered the Dominican Order and studied theology.
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Martin of Arles
1501 - 1521 (20 years)
Martinus de Arles y Andosilla was doctor of theology and canon in Pamplona and archdeacon of Aibar, author of a tractatus de superstitionibus, contra maleficia seu sortilegia quae hodie vigent in orbe terrarum , a work on demonology in the context of the Early Modern witch-hunts. Martin believed witches to be particularly numerous among the population of Navarra, and the Basques of the Pyrenees in general. He recommends stern measures of an inquisition against this. His depiction of witchcraft is, however, based on sources predating the Malleus maleficarum, arguing against its simplistic depiction of witchcraft .
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Tomaso Malvenda
1566 - 1628 (62 years)
Tomaso Malvenda was a Spanish Dominican exegete and historical critic. Life Malvenda was born in Xàtiva, Valencia. He entered the Dominicans in his youth; at the age of thirty-five he seems to have already taught philosophy and theology. His criticisms on the Annales Ecclesiastici of Baronius, embodied in a letter to the letter to the author , showed ability, and Baronius used his influence to have Malvenda summoned to Rome. Here he was an adviser to the cardinal, while also employed in revising the Dominican Breviary, annotating Brasichelli's Index Expurgatorius, and writing some annals of the order .
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John Downame
1571 - 1652 (81 years)
John Downame was an English Puritan clergyman and theologian in London, who came to prominence in the 1640s, when he worked closely with the Westminster Assembly. He is now remembered for his writings.
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William Cowper
1810 - 1902 (92 years)
William Macquarie Cowper was an Australian Anglican archdeacon and Dean of Sydney. Cowper was born in Sydney, the son of the Revd William Cowper, assistant colonial chaplain, and his second wife, Ann . Educated by his father and at the University of Oxford, he graduated BA from Magdalen Hall in 1833 and MA in 1835. Following admission to deacon´s order, he was appointed curate of St Petrox, Dartmouth, and ordained priest at Exeter in 1834. He returned to Australia in 1836 and was made chaplain at Port Stephens, New South Wales where he remained for 20 years. He then became Acting Principal o...
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William Turner
1761 - 1859 (98 years)
William Turner was a Unitarian minister and educator who advanced the anti-slavery movement in Northern England, contributed to the development of intellectual institutions in Newcastle upon Tyne, and published sermons on a variety of topics.
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William Matthews
1770 - 1854 (84 years)
William Matthews , occasionally spelled Mathews, was an American who became the fifth Roman Catholic priest ordained in the United States and the first such person born in British America. Born in the colonial Province of Maryland, he was briefly a novice in the Society of Jesus. After being ordained, he became influential in establishing Catholic parochial and educational institutions in Washington, D.C. He was the second pastor of St. Patrick's Church, serving for most of his life. He served as the sixth president of Georgetown College, later known as Georgetown University. Matthews acted as...
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Samuel Petto
1624 - 1711 (87 years)
Samuel Petto was an English Calvinist, a Cambridge graduate, and an Independent Puritan clergyman who primarily ministered in Sudbury, Suffolk. He was a prolific theologian who made a notable contribution to the development of British covenant theology by describing the link between the covenant of works and the covenant of grace and also demonstrating the relationship between justification and covenant theology. Additionally, he wrote two catechisms and a book advocating lay preaching. He also had close ties with a radical political movement.
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Thomas J. Campbell
1848 - 1925 (77 years)
Thomas J. Campbell was the twelfth and fourteenth president of St. John's College . Early life Campbell was born in New York City on April 29, 1848. He initially attended public schools in New York city, but later enrolled at St. Francis Xavier College. He received his Master of Arts in 1867, and entered the Jesuit novitiate in Sault-au-Recollet, Canada. In 1870 he was sent to St. John's College, where he taught classical literature for three years. Campbell continued his philosophical and scientific studies in Woodstock, Maryland. After completing his studies, he returned to St. Francis Xavier College to teach rhetoric in 1876.
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Thomas Jones of Denbigh
1756 - 1820 (64 years)
Thomas Jones , called "Thomas Jones of Denbigh" to differentiate him from namesakes, was a Welsh Methodist clergyman, writer, editor and poet, active in North Wales. Life history Thomas Jones was born in 1756 at Aberchwiler in Denbighshire, but was educated at Caerwys and Holywell in Flintshire.
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Alexandros Lykourgos
1827 - 1875 (48 years)
Alexandros Lykourgos was a Greek theologian, Greek Orthodox cleric and university professor. Born in Samos Island in 1827, after extended studies in Germany and a pilgrimage to Palestine he returned to Greece in 1858. He was appointed professor of theology at the University of Athens, and elected Greek Orthodox bishop of Syros and Tenos, islands of the Cyclades with significant Roman Catholic populations with whom according to French consular reports he was in conflictual relations circa 1864. He is particularly known for his visit to England to consecrate the Greek Orthodox church of St. Nicholas in Liverpool.
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Pietro Colonna Galatino
1460 - 1540 (80 years)
Pietro Colonna Galatino , also known as Petrus Galatinus, was an Italian Friar Minor, philosopher, theologian and Orientalist. Biography Galatino was born at Galatina, in Apulia. He received the habit as early as 1480, studied Oriental languages in Rome and was appointed lector at the convent of Ara Coeli; he also held the office of provincial in the province of Bari, and that of penitentiary under Leo X.
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Berend Kordes
1762 - 1823 (61 years)
Berend Kordes or Berenne Kordes was a German writer on exegetical theology. He was born at Lubeck on 27 October 1762, and studied at the universities of Kiel, Leipzig, and Jena. In 1793 he became librarian of the university at Kiel. and died there Feb. 5,1823. His exegetical works are, Observationumn in Jonce Oracula Specimina :-Ruth ex versione Septuaginta intepraetum .-Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, 28:84.
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Franz Lorinser
1821 - 1893 (72 years)
Carl Maria Franz Lorinser was a German Catholic theologian, translator from Sanskrit and Spanish, and a writer on natural history. Lorinser was born in Berlin where his father was Karl Ignatius, a physician. The family had moved to Oppeln, Upper Silesia where Franz went to school. He then went to Breslau and Munich to study theology. In 1842 he went to Rome to study in the seminary there. He was ordained by Cardinal Patrizi on December 23, 1843. Returning to Germany in 1844 he spent time in Munich and then worked as chaplain, later pastor in Breslau. He died at Breslau.
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Christianus Carolus Henricus van der Aa
1718 - 1793 (75 years)
Christianus Carolus Henricus van der Aa was a Lutheran pastor in Haarlem and secretary of the Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities. Life Christianus Carolus Henricus was born in Zwolle, where his father Balduinus also worked as a pastor.
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Thomas Stapleton
1535 - 1598 (63 years)
Thomas Stapleton was an English Catholic priest and controversialist. Life He was the son of William Stapleton, one of the Stapletons of Carlton, Yorkshire. He was educated at the Free School, Canterbury, at Winchester College, and at New College, Oxford, where he became a Fellow, 18 January 1553. On Elizabeth I's accession he left England rather than conform to the new religion, going first to Leuven, and afterwards to Paris, to study theology.
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Eduard Emil Koch
1809 - 1871 (62 years)
Eduard Emil Koch was a German pastor and hymnologist. Life Koch was born at Solitude Palace, the son of the staff doctor Friedrich Koch and his wife Margarethe Koch, née Sigrist. He completed the Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium and then the seminary in Urach in Stuttgart, before he went to Tübingen from 1826 to 1830 where he studied theology. During that period, he became a member of the in 1826. He was regarded as one of the most active and quickest members of his fraternity and was therefore imprisoned several times at .
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Alphons Bellesheim
1839 - 1912 (73 years)
Christian Peter "Alphons" Maria Joseph Bellesheim was a church historian. He also reviewed and collected books. Family Alphons was the son of Heinrich "Wilhelm" Ludwig Joseph Bellesheim and Maria Anna "Margaretha" Dumesnil . His parents were married on 27 June 1838 in Monschau, Germany. Alphons' paternal grandparents were Carl Anton Bellesheim and Maria Josepha Helena Hennekes. His maternal grandparents were Carl Dumesnil and Christina Windhagen.
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Aage Skavlan
1847 - 1920 (73 years)
Aage Gerhard Skavlan was a Norwegian historian. He was born in Herøy as a son of dean Aage Schavland and his wife Gerhardine Pauline Bergh . He was a great-grandnephew of vicar Jacob Schavland, nephew of vicar Gerhard B. Bergh and a brother of Sigvald Skavlan, Einar Skavlan, Sr., Olaf Skavlan and Harald Skavlan.
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Henry Martyn Clark
1857 - 1916 (59 years)
Henry Martyn-Clark was an Afghan-born adopted British medical missionary stationed in Amritsar in the late 19th century. Biography Clark was born to Afghan parents, and was adopted after his mother's death by Elizabeth and Rev. Robert Clark in 1859. It is thought that he was named Henry Martyn after the Anglican missionary to Persia and India. Clark was educated at the University of Edinburgh and received his MD in 1892. In 1881 he was accepted by the Church Missionary Society to start the Amritsar Medical Mission as a Medical Missionary. He left for Amritsar to join his father on 4 February 1882.
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Matthias Hafenreffer
1561 - 1619 (58 years)
Matthias Hafenreffer was a German orthodox Lutheran theologian in the Lutheran scholastic tradition. Born at Lorch , Hafenreffer was professor at Tübingen from 1592 until his death in 1617. He was a motivating teacher with a charismatic influence upon his students. He combined strict faithfulness to the Book of Concord with a peaceful disposition. Among those who enjoyed his instruction and correspondence was the astronomer Johannes Kepler. His chief work was his system of doctrine under the title Loci Theologici . He died in Tübingen, aged 58.
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Edward Nason West
1909 - 1990 (81 years)
Edward Nason West was an Episcopal priest and fixture at the Cathedral of St. John the Divine in New York City where he served for many years as canon sacrist and sub dean. He was also a theologian, an author, an internationally known iconographer and an expert in the design of church furnishings. He was the inspiration for Canon Tallis in Madeleine L'Engle's young adult novels and was Madeleine's spiritual mentor. He was a graduate of Boston University and the General Theological Seminary of the Episcopal Church. He was an Officer of the Order of the British Empire; an Officer of the Order o...
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John Lovejoy Abbot
1783 - 1814 (31 years)
John Lovejoy Abbot was an American clergyman and librarian. John Lovejoy Abbot was born in Andover on November 29, 1783. His father, after whom he was named, was a farmer. Abbot prepared for college at the Academy in his native town and graduated from Harvard College in 1805. He studied theology in Andover under Dr. Ware. For a year he held the office of reader in the Cambridge Episcopal church, and the next year he occasionally preached in neighboring pulpits.
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Albert Elijah Dunning
1844 - 1923 (79 years)
Albert Elijah Dunning was an American Congregationalist theologian. Biography He was born in Brookfield, Connecticut and attended the Fort Edward Institute . He graduated from Bryant & Stratton College and Yale University , where he was Phi Beta Kappa and a member of Skull and Bones. Additionally, he graduated from Andover Theological Seminary , and Beloit College with a DD. He was pastor of the Highland Congregational Church in Roxbury, Boston . He was editor of The Congregationalist and Pilgrim Teacher . He was author of Bible Studies ; Congregationalists in America ; and The Making of...
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Thomas Laurence
1598 - 1657 (59 years)
Thomas Laurence was an English churchman and academic, Lady Margaret Professor of Divinity and expelled Master of Balliol College, Oxford. Life He was born in Dorset, the son of a clergyman. He obtained a scholarship at Balliol College, Oxford, in 1614, when only sixteen, and matriculated 11 May 1615. Before 1618 he was elected a fellow of All Souls' College, and graduated B.A. on 9 June 1618, M.A. on 16 May 1621, B.D. 1629, and D.D. 1633. He incorporated M.A. at Cambridge in 1627. On 31 January 1629 he was made treasurer of Lichfield Cathedral, and held the post of private chaplain to Willia...
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Leopold Witte
1836 - 1921 (85 years)
Leopold Witte was a German Protestant theologian and educator. He was the son of Dante scholar Karl Witte . From 1853 to 1857 he studied Protestant theology at the universities of Halle and Heidelberg, and afterwards worked as a tutor at the Prussian Embassy in Rome. In 1861 he was ordained as a minister in Berlin, and he subsequently served as a pastor in the town of Cöthen, near Eberswalde. From 1873 to 1879 he lived in the United States, and following his return to Germany, served as a professor and superintendent at Schulpforta . In 1888 he received an honorary doctorate in theology from ...
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Jean Courtecuisse
1350 - 1423 (73 years)
Jean Courtecuisse was a French bishop and theologian, who was elected bishop of Paris and bishop of Geneva. Life He received a doctorate in theology and taught it in Paris. He was king's almoner from 1408 onwards and served as chancellor in Jean de Gerson's absence. In 1409 he became a canon of Notre Dame Cathedral. He was elected bishop of Paris in 1420 but was forced to leave the bishopric and hide at abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés after displeasing Henry V of England, then master of the city. In 1422-23 he was transferred to the bishopric of Geneva, which he held until his death.
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Sisto Fabri
1540 - 1594 (54 years)
Sisto Fabri was a theologian and canon lawyer of the Dominican Order who was appointed Master of the Sacred Palace by Pope Gregory XIII serving from 1580 to 1583, and Master of the Order of Preachers from 1583 to 1589.
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Giovanni Devoti
1744 - 1820 (76 years)
Giovanni Devoti was an Italian canon lawyer and bishop. Life At the age of twenty he occupied a chair of canon law at the Sapienza University of Rome. After twenty-five years service in this position Pope Pius VI appointed him Bishop of Anagni.
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Antonino Diana
1585 - 1663 (78 years)
Antonino Diana was a Catholic moral theologian. Biography Diana was born of a noble family at Palermo, Sicily. A famous casuist, he was a consultor of the Holy Office of the Kingdom of Sicily and an examiner of bishops under Urban VIII, Innocent X, and Alexander VII.
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Jean Chapeauville
1551 - 1617 (66 years)
Jean Chapeauville was a theologian, historian and vicar general in the Prince-Bishopric of Liège. Life Born in Liège, capital of the Prince-Bishopric of Liège, Chapeauville made his philosophical studies at the University of Cologne and University of Louvain, and at the latter received the degree of Licentiate of Theology. He then entered the priesthood, and in 1578 was appointed one of the synodal examiners for the Roman Catholic Diocese of Liège, and in 1579 parish priest of St. Michael's in Liège. He performed the functions of the latter office for about ten years.
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George Smith
1815 - 1871 (56 years)
George Smith was a missionary in China and the Bishop of Victoria from 1849 to 1865, the first of this newly established diocese. Life Smith was born in Wellington, Somerset on 19 June 1815. He obtained a Bachelor of Arts in classics from Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1837 and was ordained in the Church of England. He was made deacon on 20 October 1839 by George Davys, Bishop of Peterborough and ordained priest in July 1840 by Charles Longley, Bishop of Ripon. He rapidly became involved in the Church Missionary Society and he and fellow priest Thomas McClatchie arrived in Shanghai on 25 September 1844 to establish a mission.
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Andrea dei Conti
1240 - 1302 (62 years)
Andrea dei Conti was an Italian Franciscan who was born as a member of the noble house of Conti di Segni. The priest was best known for his humble life of solitude in which he was subjected to demonic visions and attacks though his faith in God saw him emerge time and time again as the victor. He lived his life in a small grotto in the Apennines.
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Gregorij Rožman
1883 - 1959 (76 years)
Gregorij Rožman was a Slovenian Roman Catholic prelate. Between 1930 and 1959, he served as bishop of the Diocese of Ljubljana. He may be best-remembered for his controversial role during World War II. Rožman was an ardent anti-communist and opposed the Liberation Front of the Slovene People and the Partisan forces because they were led by the Communist party. He established relations with both the fascist and Nazi occupying powers, issued proclamations of support for the occupying authorities, and supported armed collaborationist forces organized by the fascist and Nazi occupiers. The Yugosl...
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Matthew Turner
Matthew Turner , a Liverpool physician, is considered to be the author or co-author of the 1782 pamphlet, Answer to Dr. Priestley's Letters to a Philosophical Unbeliever, the first published work of avowed atheism in Britain. Turner was also a pioneer in the use of ether for medical purposes, and wrote a pamphlet on the subject. In a footnote, Turner was the man who introduced Josiah Wedgwood to Thomas Bentley in Liverpool, a friendship which led to the formation of the company that produced the famous pottery.
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Theodor Juynboll
1802 - 1861 (59 years)
Theodor Willem Johannes Juynboll also: Theodorus Willem Johannes Juijnboll, Theodorus Guiliemus Johannes Juynboll was a Dutch Reformed theologian and oriental philologist. Life Theodor Juynboll was the son of Gualterus Johannes Juynboll and Catharina Johanna Pla. After his mother died early in his childhood, his father married Johanna Deel and the family moved to The Hague where Theodor attended Latin school. In 1821 he enrolled in theology and Semitic languages at the University of Leiden under Hendrik Arent Hamaker and Johannes Hendricus van der Palm. His undergraduate thesis won him ear...
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George Collison
1772 - 1847 (75 years)
George Collison was an English Congregationalist and educator associated with Hackney Academy or Hackney College, which became part of New College London—itself part of the University of London. Early life Collison was born in Beverley, Yorkshire, on 6 January 1772, and became articled to a solicitor in Bridlington. Taking a keen interest in the local Independent Chapel, he became an early Sunday school teacher, and in 1792 decided to give up law and train full-time as a minister at Hoxton College near London. In 1797 he settled close to London in the village of Walthamstow in Essex to carry ...
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Newcome Cappe
1733 - 1800 (67 years)
Newcome Cappe , was an English unitarian divine. He served as the pastor of the York Unitarian Chapel, located in York, England. Cappe published various sermons and after his death his second wife, Catharine Cappe published many more.
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