The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
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List of the most influential people in Religious Studies,
#4851
Salomon Deyling
1677 - 1755 (78 years)
Salomon Deyling was a Lutheran theologian, born on 14 September 1677, at Weida, in Thuringia. He studied at the University of Wittenberg, where he received his magister degree in 1699. In 1703 he became adjunct in the faculty of philosophy, and in 1710 a doctor of theology. In 1716 he was made general superintendent at Eisleben, and moved to take up the pastorate of the Nicolaikirche at Leipzig in 1720. He served as a full professor of theology at the University of Leipzig from 1722 up until his death. He died on 5 August 1755.
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Klaus Bockmuehl
1931 - 1989 (58 years)
Klaus Erich Bockmuehl was a Professor of Systematic Theology and Ethics at Regent College, Vancouver. Biography Bockmuehl was born on May 6, 1931, in Essen, Germany, to Erich Enil Bockmuehl and Johanna Karoline Ihlo. He was spiritually shaped by the teaching of Wilhelm Busch , the German pietist pastor of Weigle House, and was inspired about the importance of Christian mission through an encounter with Toyohiko Kagawa, when Kagawa was visiting Weigle House in 1950. He later pursued theological and philosophical studies, completing a DTheol at the University of Basel in 1959. During this time...
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John Aikin
1713 - 1780 (67 years)
John Aikin was an English Unitarian scholar and theological tutor, closely associated with Warrington Academy, a prominent dissenting academy. Life Aikin was born in 1713 in London. His father, a linen-draper, came originally from Kirkcudbright, in southern Scotland. He was placed for a short time as French clerk in a mercantile house, but entered Kibworth Academy, then run by Philip Doddridge, for whom Aikin was the first pupil. He then went to Aberdeen University, where the anti-Calvinist opinions of the tutors gradually led him to Low Arianism, as it was then called, which afterwards became the distinguishing feature of the Warrington Academy.
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Juan de Villagarcía
1529 - 1564 (35 years)
Juan de Villagarcía was a Spanish Dominican from Valladolid, known as the witness to one of the statements of confession and recantation by Thomas Cranmer. Life He was a pupil of Bartolomé de Carranza, and came to England with Carranza, brought by Philip II of Spain. He was a Fellow and Praelector in Theology of Magdalen Hall, Oxford in 1555.
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Benedictus Aretius
1522 - 1574 (52 years)
Benedictus Aretius was a Swiss Protestant theologian, Protestant reformer and natural philosopher. Life He was born at Bätterkinden, in the canton of Bern, Switzerland. He studied at Strasbourg and at Marburg, where he became professor of logic. He was called to Bern as a school-teacher, 1548, and became professor of theology, 1564.
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Oliver Chase Quick
1885 - 1944 (59 years)
Oliver Chase Quick was an English theologian, philosopher, and Anglican priest. Early life and education Oliver Quick was born on 21 June 1885 in Sedbergh, Yorkshire, the son of the educationist Robert Hebert Quick and Bertha Parr. He was educated at Harrow School and studied classics and theology at Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
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John Ingram
1565 - 1594 (29 years)
John Ingram was an English Jesuit and martyr from Stoke Edith, Herefordshire, who was executed in Gateshead on 26 July 1594, during the reign of Elizabeth I. Life Ingram was probably the son of Anthony Ingram of Wolford, Warwickshire, by Dorothy, daughter of Sir John Hungerford. Fr Zielinski refers to the oft-recorded claim that he went to Oxford, where he converted to Catholicism, and left Oxford without completing his studies. Ingram is as a consequence sometimes referred to as one of the “Oxford Martyrs”. This is however an error. Zielinski quotes John Wainright, who noted that there was i...
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Pietro Alagona
1549 - 1624 (75 years)
Pietro Alagona was a Catholic theologian. Alagona was born in Syracuse. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1564, taught philosophy and theology, and was Rector of Trapani. He died in Rome. His first works were published under the family name of his mother, Givarra. Later on he used his own name, Alagona, and is best known for his Compendium of the works of Martin Aspilcueta, who was a doctor of theology in Navarre. This Martin Aspilcueta was the uncle of St. Francis Xavier. The Enchiridion, seu Manuale Confessariorum, which was compiled by Alagona, went through at least twenty-three editions....
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Justus Menius
1499 - 1558 (59 years)
Justus Menius was a German Lutheran pastor and Protestant reformer whose name is Latinized from Jost or Just Menig. Early life Menius was born in Fulda to poor but respectable parents. Entering the University of Erfurt in 1514, he received his bachelor's degree in 1515 and his master's degree in 1516. At this time, in association with the keen humanists Conrad Mutian, Crotus Rubeanus, and Eoban Hess, Menius became more sceptical. Moving to Wittenberg in 1519, he became evangelical under the teaching of Philipp Melanchthon and the preaching of Martin Luther.
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John Baptist Hogan
1829 - 1901 (72 years)
John Baptist Hogan , also known as Abbé Hogan, was an Irish-French Catholic theologian and educator. He was born near Ennis, County Clare, Ireland, and died at Saint-Sulpice, Paris, France. Hogan, a member of the Sulpician order, was the first rector of Saint John's Seminary in Boston, founded in 1884. From 1889 to 1894, he taught at the new Catholic University in Washington, D.C., but returned to Saint John's Seminary for another term as rector after the death of his successor, Charles B. Rex.
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John L. Withrow
1837 - 1909 (72 years)
John Lindsay Withrow was an American Presbyterian minister and theologian. Early life and education Withrow was born in Coatesville, Pennsylvania in 1837 to John Mitchell Withrow and Keziah Withrow. As a youth, Withrow studied at Tuscarora Academy and Media Classical Institute. Withrow graduated from Princeton University in 1860 and Princeton Theological Seminary in 1863. He married Anna Judson Hinckel that same year. Withrow later received a D.D. from Lafayette College in 1872 and a LL.D. from Knox College in 1896.
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Matthew J. Walsh
1882 - 1963 (81 years)
The Rev. Matthew J. Walsh, C.S.C. was an American priest and President of the University of Notre Dame from 1922 to 1928, after having served has Vice President 1912–22. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame and obtained a Ph.D. from the Catholic University of America, and attended courses at Columbia University, Johns Hopkins University . He served as military chaplain in World War I in 1918–19. He was professor of history at Notre Dame from 1908 to 1922 and then from 1935 to 1951.
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Johann Michael Heineccius
1674 - 1722 (48 years)
Johann Michael Heineccius was a well-known German preacher and theologian, the brother of Johann Gottlieb Heineccius. He was born in Eisenberg, Thuringia. He was made pastor at the Liebfrauenkirche in Halle, where his role was to supervise the music at the local church and write cantata texts.
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Christopher Wittich
1625 - 1687 (62 years)
Christoph Wittich or Christophorus Wittichius was a Dutch theologian. He is known for attempting to reconcile Descartes' philosophy with the Scriptures. Life He studied theology in Bremen, Groningen and Leiden, and taught theology, mathematics, and Hebrew at Herborn , Duisburg , Nijmegen and Leiden . Starting from his 1653 publication Dissertationes Duæ he defended a non-literal interpretation of the Bible texts that were quoted by Voetius to prove the unscriptural nature of Descartes' Copernican beliefs, and tried to reconcile philosophy and theology.
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Edward Génicot
1856 - 1900 (44 years)
Edward Génicot, born at Antwerp , 18 June 1856, and died at Leuven , 21 February 1900, was a Belgian Jesuit priest and moral theologian. Life After a course of studies at the Jesuit college in Antwerp, he entered the Society of Jesus on 27 September 1872. He was successively professor of humanities and of rhetoric at the Jesuit school of Ghent and at Antwerp. After being ordained priest and sustaining a public defense in all theology, taught first canon law and then moral theology at the Jesuit theological faculty of Louvain, from 1889 until his death.
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Henry of Oyta
1330 - 1397 (67 years)
Henry of Oyta was a German theologian and nominalist philosopher. Life He was born at Friesoythe in present-day Lower Saxony. Henry graduated M.A. at the University of Prague in 1355. He was then rector of a school in Erfurt, and returned to Prague in 1366. In the course of a long-running dispute, Adalbert Ranconis accused him of heresy in 1369–70. He began teaching at the University of Paris in 1377. For reasons connected with the Western Schism, he left Paris in 1381; he then taught at Prague, 1381 to 1381, lecturing there on the Psalms and Gospel of John. He was at the University of Vien...
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A. N. Sattampillai
1823 - 1918 (95 years)
Arumai Nayakam Sattampillai , known popularly as Arumainayagam Sattampillai, Arumainayagam, Sattampillai or Suttampillai , a Tamilian convert of Anglican church, was a catechist and the founder of first indigenous and independent Hindu Church of Lord Jesus, rejecting Western missionaries domination for the first time in the history of Indian subcontinent. This subversion paved the way for the development of a fusion model of Hindu-Christian religion, free from European missionary interference and also inspired the Indian national movement, largely centred on Bengal and Madras Presidency to fi...
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Nelle Morton
1905 - 1987 (82 years)
Nelle Katherine Morton was an American theologian, professor, feminist activist, and civil rights leader. She taught Christian Education for fourteen years at Drew University, during which time she became passionate about improving the position of women within the Christian faith. She wrote prolifically on religion, spirituality, feminism, intersectionality, and language. In 1985, she published an anthology of essays titled The Journey Is Home.
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John Simson
1668 - 1740 (72 years)
John Simson was a Scottish "New Licht" theologian, involved in a long investigation of alleged heresy. He was suspended from teaching as Professor of Divinity at the University of Glasgow for his later life.
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Gottfried Ephraim Scheibel
1696 - 1759 (63 years)
Gottfried Ephraim Scheibel was a German theologian and writer about music. Scheibel studied theology in Leipzig and from 1736 taught at the Elizabeth-Gymnasium in his home town of Breslau. Scheibel's most famous treatise, Zufällige Gedancken von der Kirchenmusic , was published in 1721. It presents a strong defense of the role of music in the Lutheran Church service, in particular music derived from opera. By way of example, he demonstrates the use of the parody technique—replacing secular texts with sacred ones, while keeping the music the same—using the music of Georg Philipp Telemann.
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Ludwig Joseph Uhland
1722 - 1803 (81 years)
Ludwig Joseph Uhland was a German doctor and professor of theology. Life Ludwig Joseph Uhland was born at Tübingen on 15 May 1722, where he also died on 15 December 1803. Works De Hist. Restaurati post Diluv. Orbis ab Exitu Noæ ex Arcausque ad Dispeisionen Gentiuns ;De Ordine Vaticiniorum, quæ in Sedecim Prophet. Scripta Extant, Chrionologico ;Annotationes ad Loca quædam Amosi, Imprim. Historica ;Annotationes in Hoseæ Cap. iii ;Cap. v, vi, 1–3 ;Cap. vi, 4–11; vii, 1–6 ;Cap. viii ;Cap. ix ;Dissertatio Exegetica in Hagg. ii, 1–9 .
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David Miall Edwards
1873 - 1941 (68 years)
David Miall Edwards was a Welsh Non-conformist writer and theologian who wrote in both Welsh and English. Edwards was born in Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire in 1873. He was educated at Bala-Bangor Theological Seminary and Mansfield College, Oxford. After a period as a minister, he became a teacher of theology at Brecon Congregational Memorial College, Aberhonndu , where he remained until his retirement in 1934. He died in Brecon on 29 January 1941.
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Martinus von Biberach
1500 - 1498 (-2 years)
Magister Martinus von Biberach was a theologian from Heilbronn, Germany. He is mostly remembered because of a priamel that has allegedly been his epitaph. Epitaph Reception While the attribution of the poem to Biberach is controversial, it has been cited and modified widely. Martin Luther in particular took issue with it, offering a contrary version in a sermon on John 8:46-59 for Judica Sunday: Ich lebe, so lang Gott will, / ich sterbe, wann und wie Gott will, / ich fahr und weiß gewiß, wohin, / mich wundert, daß ich traurig bin!
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János Sylvester
1504 - 1552 (48 years)
János Sylvester sometimes known as János Erdősi was a 16th-century Hungarian figure of the Reformation, and also a poet and grammarian, who was the first to translate the New Testament into Hungarian in 1541.
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Richard Otto Zöpffel
1843 - 1891 (48 years)
Richard Otto Zöpffel was a Baltic German church historian and theologian born in Arensburg, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire . He studied theology at the University of Dorpat, and history at the University of Göttingen under Georg Waitz . In 1871 he published Die Papstwahlen und mit ihnen im nächsten Zusammenhange stehenden Ceremonien in ihrer Entwickelung vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert , and based on this work, received his doctorate in Göttingen. Shortly afterwards, he was appointed associate professor of church history at the University of Strasbourg, becoming a full professor in 1877.
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Hermann Daniel Hermes
1734 - 1807 (73 years)
Hermann Daniel Hermes was a Prussian protestant theologian. Towards the end of his life he became caught up in the campaign for a return to religious orthodoxy pursued by the Rosicrucian politician Johann Christoph von Wöllner, being employed as an "inquisitor" in 1794 in Halle, and elsewhere.
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Robert South
1634 - 1716 (82 years)
Robert South was an English churchman who was known for his combative preaching and his Latin poetry. Early life He was the son of Robert South, a London merchant, and Elizabeth Berry. He was born at Hackney, Middlesex, and was educated at Westminster School under Richard Busby, and at Christ Church, Oxford, matriculating on 11 December 1651.
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Henry of Langenstein
1325 - 1397 (72 years)
Henry of Langenstein, also known as Henry of Hesse the Elder , was a German scholastic philosopher, theologian and mathematician. Biography Henry was born at Hainbuch , near Langenstein, in the Landgraviate of Hesse. He studied at the University of Paris, where he finished his M.A. in 1363 and his M.Th. in 1376, and became professor of philosophy there this same year.
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'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
1377 - 1437 (60 years)
Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari , was a Hanafi jurist , Maturidi theologian, commentator of the Qur'an , and a mystic . He is perhaps best known for issuing a fatwa whereby anyone that gives Ibn Taymiyya the title "Shaykh al-Islam" is a disbeliever, and authored a book against him entitled "Muljimat al-Mujassima" .
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John Perowne
1823 - 1904 (81 years)
John James Stewart Perowne was an English Anglican bishop. Born in Burdwan, Bengal, Perowne was a member of a notable clerical family, whose origins were Huguenot. Life He was educated at Norwich School, and at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, becoming a fellow in 1849 and where his brother Edward was later Master. After holding a chair in King's College London, he became, in 1862, the fourth vice-principal of St Davids College, Lampeter, a college with which he was already familiar, for he had been external examiner between 1851 and 1852. The ageing Principal of the college took a back se...
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Georg Witzel
1501 - 1573 (72 years)
Georg Witzel was a German theologian. Life He received his primary and academic education in the schools of Schmalkalden, Eisenach, and Halle, and then spent two years at the University of Erfurt, and seven months at the University of Wittenberg. In keeping with his father's wishes, Witzel was ordained a priest in 1520, and was appointed Vicar of Vacha. In 1524, however, the teachings of Martin Luther attracted him.
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Alexander Ales
1500 - 1565 (65 years)
Alexander Ales or Alexander Alesius was a Scottish theologian who emigrated to Germany and became a Lutheran supporter of the Augsburg Confession. Life Originally Alexander Alane, he was born at Edinburgh. He studied at St Andrews in the newly founded college of St Leonard's, where he graduated in 1515. Some time afterwards he was appointed a priest at the University's church, where he preached vigorously in favor of scholastic theology, Renaissance humanism, and anti-Protestantism. His views entirely changed, however, upon witnessing the 1528 execution by burning of Rev. Patrick Hamilton, a Lutheran Pastor and former abbot of Fern.
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N. Samuel of Tranquebar
1850 - 1927 (77 years)
Rev. N. Samuel of Tranquebar was a professor in divinity, pastor in the Tamil Evangelical Lutheran Church , and a hymnodist. He was a famous poet and author of many books. He was also the first member of the Leipzig Evangelical Lutheran Mission Council.
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John Eugenikos
1380 - 1453 (73 years)
John Eugenikos was a late Byzantine cleric and writer. He was the brother of Mark Eugenikos, and like him an ardent opponent of the Union of the Churches. Originally a notary and nomophylax at the Patriarchate of Constantinople, his opposition to the Union saw him exiled to the Despotate of the Morea, where he died. John participated briefly in the Council of Florence that ratified the Union, and also travelled to Trebizond and Mesembria.
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Karl Zimmermann
1803 - 1877 (74 years)
Justus Joseph Georg Friedrich Karl Zimmermann was a German Protestant theologian. His older brother, Ernst Zimmermann , was also a theologian. Born in the Hessian city of Darmstadt, He studied philology and theology at the universities of Giessen and Heidelberg, and for several years worked as a teacher in various schools. In 1835 he was named second court chaplain in Darmstadt, then obtained the title of first court chaplain in 1842. From 1847 onward, he served as a member of the consistory, a prelate and ecclesiastical superintendent at the Schlosskirche in Darmstadt.
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Joseph Emerson
1821 - 1900 (79 years)
Joseph Emerson was an American minister and theologian. Emerson, son of Professor Ralph Emerson, D.D. and Eliza Emerson, was born on May 28, 1821, at Norfolk, Connecticut, where his father was at the time pastor of the Congregational church. In 1829 his father became Professor of Ecclesiastical History in Andover Theological Seminary, in Andover, Massachusetts, and he was prepared for college at Phillips Academy in that place. During his senior year at Yale College he was one of the editors of the Yale Literary Magazine. He graduated from Yale in 1841.
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Friedrich Myconius
1490 - 1546 (56 years)
Friedrich Myconius was a German Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer. He was a colleague of Martin Luther. Myconius was born in Lichtenfels, Bavaria, and he was educated there and at Annaberg, where he had an encounter with Johann Tetzel, a Dominican, in a disagreement over indulgences. His teacher, named Staffelstein, persuaded him in 1510 to enter the Franciscan order. That same night a dream turned his thoughts towards the religious standpoint which he subsequently reached as a Lutheran. From Annaberg he passed to Franciscan communities at Leipzig and Weimar, where he was ordained priest in 1516.
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Victorinus Strigel
1524 - 1569 (45 years)
Viktorin Strigel was a Philippist Lutheran theologian and Protestant reformer. Life Victorinus Strigel was born 1524 in Kaufbeuren, the son of the physician Ivo Strigel. He attended the University of Freiburg in October 1542 and went to the University of Wittenberg to study philosophy and theology. There he became a follower of Philipp Melanchthon in 1544, earned a Master of Arts, and gave his own lectures. Due to the Schmalkaldic War, he fled with Melanchthon at first to Magdeburg and went to the University of Erfurt, where he also taught. From Erfurt, he was recommended to Jena, where he ...
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Agrippa Castor
Agrippa Castor has been identified as "the earliest recorded writer against heresy, and apparently the only one who composed a book solely devoted to the refutation of Basilides". Little is known of him besides second-hand passing in ancient historical references.
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Ludwig von Gerdtell
1872 - 1954 (82 years)
Friedrich Siegfried Heinrich Ludwig von Gerdtell was a German theologian associated with the Disciples of Christ movement. Ludwig von Gerdtell was born into an aristocratic Prussian family, his father and grandfather were officers in the Potsdam Guards Regiment. He did not follow this tradition and studied law, then theology with an emphasis on New Testament Studies. From 1902 to 1908 he worked as a traveling secretary for the German Student Christian Association. In 1908/09 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Erlangen with his work on Rudolf Eucken's position on early Christianity. He came to the conclusion that the statements of the New Testament church and the state disagreed.
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Francisco Foreiro
1523 - 1581 (58 years)
Francisco Foreiro was a Portuguese Dominican theologian and biblist. Biography Born in 1523 in Lisbon, he studied arts and theology and entered among the Dominicans in February 1539. King John III sent him to study theology in the university of Paris and, on his return to Lisbon, he appointed Foreiro his preacher. Prince Louis at the same time entrusted to him the education of his son, António.
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Nicholas Abram
1589 - 1655 (66 years)
Nicholas Abram was a Jesuit theologian and classicist. Biography Abram was born in Xaronval, in Lorraine, in the year 1589. He entered the Jesuit order in 1606, and took his final vows in 1623. Abram taught rhetoric at Pont-à-Mousson, then engaged in missionary work, and finally taught theology at Pont-à-Mousson from 1636 until 1653. He taught briefly at Dijon before returning once again to Pont-à-Mousson, where he died in 1655.
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Antoine Massoulié
1632 - 1706 (74 years)
Antoine Massoulié was a French Dominican theologian. He was uncompromising against Quietism, and Molinism. Life At an early age he entered the order of St. Dominic, in which he held many important offices; but above all these, he prized study, teaching, and writing. He refused a bishopric and asked to be relieved of distracting duties. It was said that he knew by heart the Summa of Thomas Aquinas.
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Leonardo Marini
1509 - 1573 (64 years)
Leonardo Marini was an Italian theologian and archbishop of the Dominican Order of the Catholic Church. Biography Marini was born on the island of Chios, in the Aegean Sea, to a noble Genoese family. He entered the Dominican Order and studied theology.
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Martin of Arles
1501 - 1521 (20 years)
Martinus de Arles y Andosilla was doctor of theology and canon in Pamplona and archdeacon of Aibar, author of a tractatus de superstitionibus, contra maleficia seu sortilegia quae hodie vigent in orbe terrarum , a work on demonology in the context of the Early Modern witch-hunts. Martin believed witches to be particularly numerous among the population of Navarra, and the Basques of the Pyrenees in general. He recommends stern measures of an inquisition against this. His depiction of witchcraft is, however, based on sources predating the Malleus maleficarum, arguing against its simplistic depiction of witchcraft .
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Tomaso Malvenda
1566 - 1628 (62 years)
Tomaso Malvenda was a Spanish Dominican exegete and historical critic. Life Malvenda was born in Xàtiva, Valencia. He entered the Dominicans in his youth; at the age of thirty-five he seems to have already taught philosophy and theology. His criticisms on the Annales Ecclesiastici of Baronius, embodied in a letter to the letter to the author , showed ability, and Baronius used his influence to have Malvenda summoned to Rome. Here he was an adviser to the cardinal, while also employed in revising the Dominican Breviary, annotating Brasichelli's Index Expurgatorius, and writing some annals of the order .
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John Downame
1571 - 1652 (81 years)
John Downame was an English Puritan clergyman and theologian in London, who came to prominence in the 1640s, when he worked closely with the Westminster Assembly. He is now remembered for his writings.
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William Cowper
1810 - 1902 (92 years)
William Macquarie Cowper was an Australian Anglican archdeacon and Dean of Sydney. Cowper was born in Sydney, the son of the Revd William Cowper, assistant colonial chaplain, and his second wife, Ann . Educated by his father and at the University of Oxford, he graduated BA from Magdalen Hall in 1833 and MA in 1835. Following admission to deacon´s order, he was appointed curate of St Petrox, Dartmouth, and ordained priest at Exeter in 1834. He returned to Australia in 1836 and was made chaplain at Port Stephens, New South Wales where he remained for 20 years. He then became Acting Principal o...
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William Turner
1761 - 1859 (98 years)
William Turner was a Unitarian minister and educator who advanced the anti-slavery movement in Northern England, contributed to the development of intellectual institutions in Newcastle upon Tyne, and published sermons on a variety of topics.
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William Matthews
1770 - 1854 (84 years)
William Matthews , occasionally spelled Mathews, was an American who became the fifth Roman Catholic priest ordained in the United States and the first such person born in British America. Born in the colonial Province of Maryland, he was briefly a novice in the Society of Jesus. After being ordained, he became influential in establishing Catholic parochial and educational institutions in Washington, D.C. He was the second pastor of St. Patrick's Church, serving for most of his life. He served as the sixth president of Georgetown College, later known as Georgetown University. Matthews acted as...
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