The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Theology,
#4201
David Hollatz
1648 - 1713 (65 years)
David Hollatz was a German Lutheran theologian. He studied at Erfurt and Wittenberg, and became preacher at Pützerlin near Stargard in 1670, at Stargard in 1681 , rector in Colberg in 1684, and pastor in Jakobshagen in 1692.
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T. C. Hammond
1877 - 1961 (84 years)
Thomas Chatterton Hammond was an Irish Anglican cleric whose work on reformed theology and Protestant apologetics has been influential among evangelicals, especially in Ireland, Australia and South Africa. He was also Grand Master of the Grand Orange Lodge of New South Wales.
Go to Profile#4203
Abraham Dirk Loman
1823 - 1897 (74 years)
Abraham Dirk Loman was a Dutch theologian. He was a professor from 1856 to 1893. In his later period he belonged to the Dutch radical critics. Life Loman was the son of a minister in the Dutch Lutheran church. He started studying theology in 1840 and became a minister in 1846. In 1856 he became a professor at the Lutheran seminary in Amsterdam. Loman gradually lost his eyesight in the beginning of the 1870s, but continued working. From 1877 he also was a theology professor at the University of Amsterdam until his retirement in 1893. His son Rudolf Loman was Dutch Chess Champion.
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William Robinson Clark
1829 - 1912 (83 years)
William Robinson Clark was a Scottish-Canadian theologian. Biography Clark was born in Daviot, Aberdeenshire, son of Rev. James Clark. Originally educated for the Congregationalist ministry at New College London, he later conformed to the Church of England. After graduating from King's College, Aberdeen MA with honours, he went to Hertford College, Oxford. Foster's 'Alumni Oxonienses' indicates that his BA was conferred by Oxford in 1864 and his MA in 1865.
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Ebenezer Porter
1772 - 1834 (62 years)
Ebenezer Porter , D.D., was an American minister and writer. Early life and career The son of Vermont politician and judge Thomas Porter, Ebenezer was born in Cornwall, Connecticut on May 5, 1772. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 1792, studied theology in Bethlehem, Connecticut, and in 1796 became pastor of the Congregational church in Washington, Connecticut.
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Alexander Whyte
1836 - 1921 (85 years)
For the British colonial administrator, see Alexander Frederick Whyte Rev Alexander Whyte D.D.,LL.D. was a Scottish divine. He was Moderator of the General Assembly of the Free Church of Scotland in 1898.
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Karl August Auberlen
1824 - 1864 (40 years)
Karl August Auberlen was a German Lutheran theologian. Life He was born at Fellbach, near Stuttgart, 19 November 1824. He studied in the seminary of Blaubeuren 1837-41, and theology at Tübingen 1841-45. He became repentant in theology at Tübingen 1849, and professor at Basel 1851. As a young man he was attracted by the views of Goethe and Hegel and enthusiastic for the criticism of Ferdinand Christian Baur; but he later became an adherent of the old Württemberg circle of theologians, of Johann Albrecht Bengel, Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, Lothar Roos, and others. He died at Basel on 2 May 1...
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S. U. Zuidema
1906 - 1975 (69 years)
Sytse Ulbe Zuidema was one of the second generation of reformational philosophers arising from the Free University of Amsterdam, after the first generation of Herman Dooyeweerd and D. H. Th. Vollenhoven. Other second generationers were: Hendrik Van Riessen, K. J. Popma and J. P. A. Mekkes.
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Robert Newton Flew
1886 - 1962 (76 years)
Robert Newton Flew was an English Methodist minister and theologian, and an advocate of ecumenism among the Christian churches. Family and education Robert Newton Flew was born at Holsworthy, Devon, on 25 May 1886, the older son of Josiah Flew , a Wesleyan Methodist minister, and his wife, Florence Jones . Originally from Portland, Dorset, the family moved during Flew's childhood to Wiltshire and Warwickshire, and then to the suburbs of London. There Flew won a scholarship in 1897 to the independent school Christ's Hospital, followed by a "postmastership" to Merton College, Oxford, where he read classics and theology.
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Franz Philip Kaulen
1827 - 1907 (80 years)
Franz Philip Kaulen was a German Catholic scriptural scholar. Life He attended the gymnasium in his native city, studied theology at the University of Bonn from 1846 to 1849, and was ordained priest at Cologne on 3 September 1850. For several years he was engaged on the mission in various stations of the Diocese of Cologne, until in 1859 he was appointed lecturer at the Konvikt or theological school at Bonn. In 1862 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from the University of Würzburg in virtue of a commentary on the Book of Jonas; in 1863 he obtained a chair of Old Testament exegesis ...
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Erhard Schnepf
1495 - 1558 (63 years)
Erhard Schnepf was a German Lutheran Theologian, Pastor, and early Protestant reformer. He was among the earliest followers of Luther convinced to his views at the 1518 Heidelberg Disputation. Life Schnepf was born into a prominent Heilbronn Family. He began his studies at the University of Erfurt in 1509 before moving to the University of Heidelberg in 1511, where he took his master's degree in 1513. He switched from legal to theological studies. Schnepf was one of the young masters who encountered Martin Luther at the famous Heidelberg Disputation. Schnepf soon became a committed follower o...
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Helvidius
340 - 390 (50 years)
Helvidius was the author of a work written prior to 383 against the belief in the perpetual virginity of Mary. Helvidius maintained that the biblical mention of "sisters" and "brothers" of the Lord constitutes solid evidence that Mary had normal marital relations with Joseph and additional children after the miraculous conception and birth of Jesus. He supported his opinion by the writings of Tertullian and Victorinus. Helvidius is sometimes seen as an early proto-protestant, along with Vigiliantius, Jovinian and Aerius of Sebaste.
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Augustus Hopkins Strong
1836 - 1921 (85 years)
Augustus Hopkins Strong was a Baptist minister and theologian who lived in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His most influential book, Systematic Theology, proved to be a mainstay of Baptist theological education.
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Robert Holcot
1290 - 1349 (59 years)
Robert Holcot, OP was an English Dominican scholastic philosopher, theologian and influential Biblical scholar. Biography He was born in Holcot, Northamptonshire. A follower of William of Ockham, he was nicknamed the Doctor firmus et indefatigabilis, the "strong and tireless doctor." He made important contributions to semantics, the debate over God’s knowledge of future contingent events; discussions of predestination, grace and merit; and philosophical theology more generally.
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Nicholas Zernov
1898 - 1980 (82 years)
Nicolas Michaelovich Zernov was a Christian Russian émigré who settled in Britain, and taught theology at Oxford University. He wrote many books about the Orthodox Church, and about Christianity in Russia, of which the best known is The Russian Religious Renaissance of the Twentieth Century . He worked continuously for the unity of Christians, and from 1935 to 1947 was secretary of the ecumenical Fellowship of Saint Alban and Saint Sergius, which he helped to found in 1928.
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Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
1842 - 1920 (78 years)
Mirza Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabai was one of the leaders of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution who played an important role in the establishment of democracy and rule of law in Iran. He was the son of Sayyed Sādegh Tabātabā'i, one of the influential Scholar during the reign of Naser ad-Din Shah Qajar. His paternal grandfather, Sayyed Mehdi Tabātabā'i, was a reputed clergy in Hamedan. He is the father of Sayyed Sādegh Tabātabā'i editor of Ruznāmeh-ye Majles, the Majles newspaper.
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Wilhelm Lütgert
1867 - 1938 (71 years)
Wilhelm Lütgert was a German Protestant theologian. He studied theology at the University of Greifswald as a pupil of Hermann Cremer, then furthered his education in Berlin, where he attended lectures given by Adolf von Harnack. In 1892 he obtained his habilitation at Greifswald, and three years later, became an associate professor of New Testament exegesis. In 1902 he succeeded Willibald Beyschlag as professor of New Testament exegesis at the University of Halle, where in 1912 he replaced Martin Kähler as chair of systematic theology. In 1917/18 he served as university rector. From 1929 onwa...
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Tilman Pesch
1836 - 1899 (63 years)
Tilman Pesch , was a German Jesuit philosopher. Life He became a Jesuit on 15 October 1852, and made his novitiate at Friedrichsburg near Münster; he studied classics two years at Paderborn, philosophy two years at Bonn; taught four years at Feldkirch, Austria; studied theology one year at Paderborn and three years at Maria-Laach, after which he made his third year of novitiate at Paderborn. He then taught philosophy at Maria-Laach . From 1870 to 1876 he worked in the ministry, and again taught philosophy eight years , at the Castle of Bleijenbeek in Afferden.
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Jakub Wujek
1541 - 1597 (56 years)
Jakub Wujek was a Polish Jesuit, religious writer, Doctor of Theology, Vice-Chancellor of the Vilnius Academy and translator of the Bible into Polish. He is well-known for his translation of the Bible into Polish: the Wujek Bible.
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Paul Gabriel Antoine
1678 - 1743 (65 years)
Paul Gabriel Antoine was a French Jesuit theologian. Biography Paul Gabriel Antoine was born at Lunéville. At the age of fifteen he applied for admission into the Society of Jesus, and was received 9 October 1693. On the completion of his studies, he taught humanities for several years, first in Pont-à-Mousson, and then in Colmar. Returning to the former town, he occupied the chair of philosophy, and later that of theology, the first edition of his Dogmatic Theology appearing in 1723, and three years later his Moral Theology in three volumes. Afterwards he was rector of the College of Pont-à-...
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Josip Juraj Strossmayer
1815 - 1905 (90 years)
Josip Juraj Strossmayer, also Štrosmajer was a Croatian politician, Roman Catholic bishop, and benefactor. Early life and rise as a cleric Strossmayer was born in Osijek to a Croatian family. His great-grandfather was an ethnic German immigrant from Styria who had married a Croatian woman. He finished school at a gymnasium in Osijek, and then graduated theology at the Catholic seminary in Đakovo. He earned a PhD in philosophy at a high seminary in Budapest, at the age of 20.
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Ildefonsus
607 - 667 (60 years)
Ildefonsus or Ildephonsus was a scholar and theologian who served as the metropolitan Bishop of Toledo for the last decade of his life. His Gothic name was Hildefuns. In the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church he is known as Dexius based on the Ge'ez translation of legends about his life.
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Ernest DeWitt Burton
1856 - 1925 (69 years)
Ernest DeWitt Burton was an American biblical scholar and president of the University of Chicago. Biography Burton was born in Granville, Ohio and graduated from Denison University in 1876. After graduating from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1882, he studied in Germany at Leipzig and Berlin, then taught at seminaries in Rochester and Newton . Burton was then appointed chief of the department of New Testament literature and interpretation at the University of Chicago and in 1897 was named editor of the American Journal of Theology. Burton was president of the Chicago Society of Biblical Research in 1906–1907.
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Berchtold Haller
1492 - 1536 (44 years)
Berchtold Haller was a German Protestant reformer. He was the reformer of the city of Bern, Switzerland, where the Reformation received little to none opposition. Haller was born at Aldingen in Württemberg. After schooling in Pforzheim, where he established a friendship with Philipp Melanchthon, he studied theology in Cologne. He became a teacher in Rottweil in 1510 and in Bern in 1513, where he was appointed assistant preacher at the church of St Vincent in 1515. In 1520 he became a canon and the people's priest.
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John Glas
1695 - 1773 (78 years)
John Glas was a Scottish clergyman who started the Glasite church movement. Biography Early years He was born at Auchtermuchty, Fife, where his father was parish minister. He was educated at Kinclaven and Perth Grammar School, graduated from the University of St Andrews in 1713, and completed his education for the ministry at Edinburgh. He was licensed as a preacher by the presbytery of Dunkeld, and soon afterwards ordained by that of Dundee as minister of the parish of Tealing , where his preaching soon drew a large congregation. Early in his ministry he was brought to a halt while lecturi...
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Karl Rudolf Hagenbach
1801 - 1874 (73 years)
Karl Rudolf Hagenbach was a Swiss church theologian and historian. He was particularly interested in the Protestant Reformation and its figures. Life Hagenbach was born at Basel, where his father was a practising physician, and a professor of anatomy and botany in the university. His preliminary education was at a Pestalozzianan school, and afterwards at the gymnasium, whence in due course he passed to the newly reorganized local university. He early devoted himself to theological studies and the service of the church, while at the same time cherishing and developing broad "humanistic" tend...
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Georg Lorenz Bauer
1755 - 1806 (51 years)
Georg Lorenz Bauer was a German Lutheran Theologian, and writer on his subject. Life Georg Lorenz Bauer was born in Hiltpoltstein, a small market town some 25 km to the north-east of Nuremberg. He was born sixth of his parents' eight recorded children. His father, Georg Wolfgang Bauer was the local Protestant minister: his mother, born Margaretha Salome Drechsel, was the daughter of another Protestant minister.
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August Hahn
1792 - 1863 (71 years)
August Hahn was a German Protestant theologian. Biography Hahn was born at Großosterhausen . He studied there, and then studied theology at the University of Leipzig and at Wittenberg. In 1819, he was nominated professor extraordinarius of theology and pastor at the Altstädtische Kirche in Königsberg in Prussia; and in 1820, he received a superintendency in that city. In 1822, he became professor ordinarius. In 1826, he became professor ordinarius of theology at Leipzig, where, hitherto distinguished only as editor of Bardesanes, Marcion , and Ephraem Syrus, and the joint editor of a Syrische...
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Adolf Keller
1872 - 1963 (91 years)
Adolf Keller was a Swiss Protestant theologian, professor and Secretary-General of the European Central Office for Ecclesiastical Aid. Born in Rüdlingen, the son of Johann Georg Keller and Margaretha Buchter, he attended high school in Schaffhausen, studied theology in Basel and Berlin with Adolf von Harnack and Adolf Schlatter, and philosophy, art history and later psychology in Geneva. After his ordination in 1896, he served as a pastor for the Protestant community in Cairo , in Burg, Stein am Rhein and then in Geneva , where he met and befriended Karl Barth as his vicar, and finally at St Peter's parish church in Zurich.
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Noël Alexandre
1639 - 1724 (85 years)
Noël Alexandre, or Natalis Alexander in Latin was a French theologian, author, and ecclesiastical historian. Biography Alexandre was born in Rouen, France. In 1654, he joined the Dominicans in his hometown. Shortly after his ordination, he was appointed professor of philosophy at the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris, where he was later buried.
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Carl Hildebrand von Canstein
1667 - 1719 (52 years)
Carl or Karl Hildebrand von Canstein , Baron or Count of Canstein, was a German aristocrat who founded the Canstein Bible Institute in Halle, Brandenburg-Prussia, the first modern Bible society. Life He was born at Lindenberg on 4 August 1667. He studied law at Alma Mater Viadrina in Frankfurt-on-the-Oder and, upon finishing his courses, he toured the Netherlands, England, France, Italy, and southern Germany from 1686 to 1688. On the death of the Great Elector Frederick William, he returned to Berlin.
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Galusha Anderson
1832 - 1918 (86 years)
Galusha Anderson was an American theologian and university president. Biography Anderson was born at Bergen, Genesee County, New York. His father was of Scotch descent and a strict Presbyterian. At a young age he converted to the Baptist faith and was determined to become a minister. Anderson was educated at the University of Rochester, graduating with high honors in 1854, and the Rochester Theological Seminary, graduating in 1856. His ministry began as pastor of the Baptist Church in Janesville, Wisconsin. After two years, he moved to St. Louis to be the pastor of Second Baptist Church.
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Robert Lowth
1710 - 1787 (77 years)
Robert Lowth was a Bishop of the Church of England, Oxford Professor of Poetry and the author of one of the most influential textbooks of English grammar. Life Lowth was born in Hampshire, England, Great Britain, the son of Dr William Lowth, a clergyman and Biblical commentator. He was educated at Winchester College and became a scholar of New College, Oxford in 1729. Lowth obtained his BA in 1733 and his Master of Arts degree in 1737. In 1735, while still at Oxford, Lowth took orders in the Anglican Church and was appointed vicar of Ovington, Hampshire, a position he retained until 1741, w...
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Karl Ullmann
1796 - 1865 (69 years)
Carl Christian Ullmann was a German Calvinist theologian. Biography He studied at Heidelberg and Tübingen, and in 1820 delivered exegetical and historical lectures at Heidelberg. He received a professorship at Heidelberg from 1821 to 1829. In 1829 he went to Halle upon Saale as professor to teach church history, dogmatics and symbolics, but in 1836 he returned to a chair at Heidelberg, where he taught until 1856. Between 1853 and 1861 he officiated as prelate, i.e. spiritual leader, of the United Evangelical Protestant State Church of Baden .
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Leonard Hodgson
1889 - 1969 (80 years)
Leonard Hodgson was an Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, historian of the early Church and Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford from 1944 to 1958. Early life Hodgson was the son of Walter Hodgson , a shorthand writer to the House of Lords and the House of Commons, and of his wife Lillias Emma, a daughter of William Shaw of County Durham. He was educated at St Paul's School, London, and Hertford College, Oxford, where he took a second in Classical Moderations in 1910, a first in Greats in 1912 and a first in Theology in 1913. He then trained for the ministry at St...
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Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller
1768 - 1835 (67 years)
Ernst Friedrich Karl Rosenmüller was a German Orientalist and Protestant theologian. Biography He was the eldest son of the rationalist theologian Johann Georg Rosenmüller. He became identified with the University of Leipzig, first as a student, in 1792 as a tutor, extraordinary professor of Arabic in 1796, and ordinary professor of Oriental languages from 1813 to the time of his death, 1835. He promoted the study of the Arabic language, brought within the reach of theologians the rapidly increasing knowledge of his day with reference to the conditions of the East, and endeavored to raise the...
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Franz Ferdinand Benary
1805 - 1880 (75 years)
Franz Ferdinand Benary was a German orientalist and exegete. He was the older brother of classical philologist Agathon Benary. From 1824 he studied theology and oriental languages at the universities of Bonn, Halle and Berlin. At Halle he was especially influenced by the teachings of Wilhelm Gesenius. In 1829 he qualified as a lecturer of oriental languages at the University of Berlin, where in 1831, he was appointed an associate professor of Old Testament exegesis.
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Leonard Woods
1774 - 1854 (80 years)
Leonard Woods was an American theologian. He was widely known for upholding orthodox Calvinism over Unitarianism. In 1796, Woods graduated from Harvard, and was soon ordained pastor in 1798 of the Congregational Church at West Newbury, MA. He was the first professor of Andover Theological Seminary and between 1808 and 1846, occupied the seminary's chair of Christian theology. He helped establish several societies including the American Tract Society, the American Education Society, the Temperance Society, and the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. Woods was elected a Fe...
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Francis Brown
1849 - 1916 (67 years)
The Rev. Francis Brown American Semitic scholar, was born in Hanover, New Hampshire. He was the son of Samuel Gilman Brown , president of Hamilton College from 1867 to 1881, and the grandson of Francis Brown, whose removal from the presidency of Dartmouth College and later restoration were incidental to the famous Dartmouth College case.
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Johann Benedict Carpzov II
1639 - 1699 (60 years)
Johann Benedict Carpzov II was a German Christian theologian and Hebraist. He was a member of the scholarly Carpzov family. He studied Hebrew under Johannes Buxtorf II, in Basel. He was appointed professor of Oriental languages at Leipzig in 1668, and was pastor of St. Thomas' 1679-99, and professor of theology 1684-99.
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Howard Crosby
1826 - 1891 (65 years)
Howard Crosby was an American Presbyterian preacher, scholar and professor. He was Chancellor of New York University. Biography Crosby was born in New York City in 1826 to William Bedlow Crosby and Harriet Ashton Clarkson. His ancestors included Judge Joseph Crosby of Massachusetts, Gen. William Floyd of New York, a signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Rip Van Dam, and Matthias Nicoll. He is also the father of Ernest Howard Crosby, and a relative of Fanny Crosby.
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Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz
1606 - 1682 (76 years)
Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz was a Spanish Catholic scholastic philosopher, ecclesiastic, mathematician and writer. He is believed to be a great-grandson of Jan Popel y Lobkowicz. Life Juan Caramuel was born in Madrid in 1606, the son of Count Lorenzo Caramuel and Caterina Frissea von Lobkowitz, a descendant of a Czech noble family. He was instructed in oriental languages by Archbishop Juan de Esron . By the age of 17, he was studying at the University of Alcalá de Henares, where he took his degree in the humanities and philosophy. His theological teachers at the University of Alcalá included the Dominicans John of St.
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Edmund Gibson
1669 - 1748 (79 years)
Edmund Gibson was a British divine who served as Bishop of Lincoln and Bishop of London, jurist, and antiquary. Early life and career He was born in Bampton, Westmorland. In 1686 he was entered a scholar at Queen's College, Oxford. Shortly after Thomas Tenison's elevation to the see of Canterbury in 1694 Gibson was appointed chaplain and librarian to the archbishop, and in 1703 and 1710 respectively he became rector of Lambeth and archdeacon of Surrey.
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Izidor Guzmics
1786 - 1839 (53 years)
Izidor Guzmics , Hungarian theologian, was born at Vámos-Család in the county of Sopron. At Sopron he was instructed in the art of poetry by Pál Horváth. In October 1805 he entered the Benedictine order, but left it in August of the following year only again to assume the monastic garb on November 10, 1806. At the monastery of Pannonhalma he applied himself to the study of Greek under Farkas Tóth and in 1812 he was sent to Pest to study theology.
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Stephen Charnock
1628 - 1680 (52 years)
Stephen Charnock , Puritan divine, was an English Puritan Presbyterian clergyman born at the St Katherine Cree parish of London. Life Charnock studied at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, during which he was converted to the Christian faith, beginning his spiritual journey as a Puritan divine. After leaving the college, he possibly held a position as either a private teacher or tutor, then moving on to become a minister of the faith in Southwark for a short time, converting individuals to Christianity. He continued on to New College, Oxford, where he earned a fellowship and gained a position as se...
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Benjamin Elbel
1690 - 1756 (66 years)
Benjamin Elbel was a German Franciscan moral theologian. Elbel was born at Friedberg, Bavaria. He belonged to the Strasburg Franciscan province, was lector of theology, and held high positions in the order. He died at Söflingen.
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Daniel Ernst Jablonski
1660 - 1741 (81 years)
Daniel Ernst Jablonski was a German theologian and reformer of Czech origin, known for his efforts to bring about a union between Lutheran and Calvinist Protestants. Life Jablonski was born in the village of Nassenhuben, near Danzig . His father, Peter Figulus, was a minister of Unity of the Brethren ; the son preferred the Bohemian surname Jablonski which was based on his father's birthplace – Jablonné nad Orlicí. He was the younger brother of Johann Theodor Jablonski. His maternal grandfather, Johann Amos Comenius , was the last bishop of the Unity. Having studied at Frankfurt and at Oxfo...
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Richard Baumann
1899 - 1997 (98 years)
Richard Baumann was a German theologian and writer. Biography Baumann was born in Stuttgart, Germany. After studying Protestant theology at Tübingen and Marburg since 1922, Baumann was pastor of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg. Because of his Bible study and under the influence of Kirchenkampf during the Third Reich as well as intensive contact to Catholic Christians especially during the Second World War, he came in 1941 to the conclusion that after the Gospel of Matthew 16.18 and Gospel of John from 21.15 to 17 Jesus said Simon Peter was transmitted order to be understood as a continuing until the end of time office, which in the Roman Pope was realized.
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Edgar Hark
1908 - 1986 (78 years)
Edgar Hark was an Estonian prelate who was the Archbishop of Tallinn and Primate of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church between 1978 and 1986. Early life and education Hark was born on 8 October 1908 in Tartu in the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire, the son of Saul and Alvine Hark. Soon thereafter, the family moved to Saint Petersburg where they lived for a time. In Saint Petersburg he started his schooling at the Elementary School of the Estonian Educational Society. In 1920, the family moved back to Estonia. He received his secondary education at the Hugo Treffner Gymnasium in Tartu and graduated in 1928.
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Wilhelm Vischer
1895 - 1988 (93 years)
Wilhelm Eduard Vischer was a Swiss pastor, theologian, Hebraist, Old Testament scholar and amateur Lied lyricist. One of his major areas of study was that of Christ in the Old Testament. From 1934 he was pastor of the German-speaking evangelical church in Lugano. In the same year he published the first volume of Das Christuszeugnis des Alten Testaments on the Pentateuch. In 1942 the second volume on the early prophets and Joshua to Kings. He was a pastor in Basel until 1947 when he moved to become professor of Old Testament in Montpellier.
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