The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
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List of the most influential people in Theology,
#4601
Jacobus de Boragine
1200 - 1178 (-22 years)
Jacobus de Boragine was one of the Glossators, and Four Doctors of Bologna. Also known as Jacobus, he was born in the early 12th century and was an Italian lawyer, one of four students of Irnerius called the Quattuor Doctores, although Savigny disputes the general tradition of his inclusion in this list. The other doctors were Bulgarus, Martinus and Hugo. The legal philosophy of Bulgarus adhered closely to the letter of the law while their fellow, Martinus, took a more natural law and Equity approach. His time at Bologna was therefore one of the formative times in legal theory.
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Henry Craik
1805 - 1866 (61 years)
Henry Craik was a Scottish hebraist, theologian and preacher. Life Craik grew up in Kennoway, where his father was the schoolmaster of a church-run school. He had two notable older brothers: George Lillie Craik and James Craik . From 1820 he joined his brothers at the University of St Andrews and did well at literature, language, philosophy, and religious studies. By his own admission, he was “a religious man without God” but drifted back to Christianity in 1826 at the age of 21.
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F. J. A. Hort
1828 - 1892 (64 years)
Fenton John Anthony Hort , known as F. J. A. Hort, was an Irish-born theologian and editor, with Brooke Foss Westcott of a critical edition of The New Testament in the Original Greek. Life He was born on 23 April 1828 in Dublin, the great-grandson of Josiah Hort, Archbishop of Tuam in the eighteenth century. In 1846 he passed from Rugby School to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he was the contemporary of E. W. Benson, B. F. Westcott and J. B. Lightfoot. The four men became lifelong friends and fellow-workers. In 1850 Hort took his degree, being third in the classical tripos. In 1851 he also...
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Vitus Georg Tönnemann
1659 - 1740 (81 years)
Vitus Georg Tönnemann , a German Jesuit, was the only confessor to Emperor Charles VI from 1711 to 1740 - throughout his reign. Despite that position, he is largely a forgotten figure now. Biography Tönnemann was born in 1659 in Höxter, the son of Heinrich Tönnemann, lawyer and adviser to the Prince-Bishop of Muster . His nephew, Baron Christoph von Tönnemann, became an Imperial Court Judge in Wetzlar. Tönnemann was educated at the Jesuit Gymnasium in Paderborn, then studied Literae Humaniores for four years at the Paderborn University. On 7 December 1677 he entered the Jesuit Order, taking the name Vitus.
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Martin de Barcos
1600 - 1678 (78 years)
Martin de Barcos , was a French Catholic priest and theologian of the Jansenist School. Life Barcos was born at Bayonne, a nephew of Jean du Vergier de Hauranne, the commendatory abbot of the Abbey of Saint-Cyran-en-Brenne in the Duchy of Berry, who sent him to Belgium to be taught by Cornelius Jansen. When he returned to France he served for a time as tutor to a son of Robert Arnauld d'Andilly and later, in 1644, succeeded his uncle as the owner of the abbey. He did much to improve the abbey; new buildings were erected, and the library much enhanced.
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Otto Fridolinus Fritzsche
1812 - 1896 (84 years)
Otto Fridolinus Fritzsche also Otto Fridolin Fritzsche was a German Protestant theologian. His father, Christian Friedrich Fritzsche , was also a minister and theologian, . He studied at the University of Halle, where in 1836 he obtained his habilitation. In 1837 he became an associate professor of theology at the University of Zurich. In 1842 he became a titular professor, followed by a full professorship in 1860. At the same time, he held from 1844 until his death, the post of chief librarian at the cantonal library.
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William Cunningham
1805 - 1861 (56 years)
William Cunningham was a Scottish theologian and co-founder of the Free Church of Scotland. He was Moderator of the Free Church in 1859. Life Cunningham was born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire the eldest son of Charles Cunningham a merchant and his wife Helen Cunningham. The family moved to Cheeklaw in the Scottish Borders and from there he attended Duns Academy.
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Benjamin Kennicott
1718 - 1783 (65 years)
Benjamin Kennicott was an English churchman and Hebrew scholar. Life Kennicott was born at Totnes, Devon where he attended Totnes Grammar School. He succeeded his father as master of a charity school, but the generosity of some friends enabled him to go to Wadham College, Oxford, in 1744, and he distinguished himself in Hebrew and divinity. While an undergraduate he published two dissertations, On the Tree of Life in Paradise, with some Observations on the Fall of Man, and On the Oblations of Cain and Abel, which obtained him a B.A. before the statutory time.
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Yusuf ibn Ahmad
1695 - 1772 (77 years)
#4610
Jean-Noël Paquot
1722 - 1803 (81 years)
Jean-Noël Paquot was a Belgian theologian, historian, Hebrew scholar and bibliographer. Life Paquot was born in Florennes in 1722. In 1738 he enrolled at the University of Louvain, graduating Licentiate of Theology in 1751. From 1755 to 1771 he taught Hebrew at the Collegium Trilingue in Leuven, where he was also librarian. He was stripped of his position after a sodomy trial. In subsequent years he lived in Brussels and Gembloux. In 1782 he was stripped of his pension as court historiographer to Empress Maria Theresa, for having denied that the Austrian government had a historical claim to S...
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Richard Chenevix Trench
1807 - 1886 (79 years)
Richard Chenevix Trench was an Anglican archbishop and poet. Life He was born in Dublin, Ireland, the son of Richard Trench , barrister-at-law, and the Dublin writer Melesina Chenevix . His elder brother was Francis Chenevix Trench. He went to school at Harrow, and graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge in 1829. In 1830 he visited Spain. While incumbent of Curdridge Chapel near Bishop's Waltham in Hampshire, he published The Story of Justin Martyr and Other Poems, which was favourably received, and was followed in 1838 by Sabbation, Honor Neale, and other Poems, and in 1842 by Poems from Eastern Sources.
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William Beloe
1756 - 1817 (61 years)
William Beloe was an English divine and miscellaneous writer. Biography Beloe was born at Norwich the son of a tradesman, and received a liberal education. After a day school in Norwich he was schooled under the Rev. Matthew Raine, who taught at Hartforth; and subsequently under Samuel Parr, whom he describes as "severe, wayward, and irregular". His departure from Parr's school at Stanmore was hastened by quarrels with his schoolfellows, and at Benet College, Cambridge he got into trouble by writing epigrams. Parr, on becoming headmaster of Norwich grammar school, offered him the assistant mastership.
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Karel Justinus Calewaert
1893 - 1963 (70 years)
Karel Justinus Calewaert was a Belgian Roman Catholic bishop. Life Early years Calevaert was born in Deinze, a small town a short distance to the southwest of Ghent. His father, also named Justinus Calewaert, was a successful businessman, with premises in the Tolpoortstraat, who also ran a distillery. When war broke out in 1914 Calevaert went initially to England, but he later returned to Belgium and served as a stretcher-bearer on the front line.
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Nicolette Bruining
1886 - 1963 (77 years)
Nicolette Adriana Bruining was a Dutch theologian and founding president of the Liberal Protestant Radio Broadcasting Corporation . She was also a teacher and humanitarian, assisting Jews during the Second World War. Her aid was acknowledged by the state of Israel, which posthumously awarded her as Righteous Among the Nations in 1990.
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Johann Jakob Wettstein
1693 - 1754 (61 years)
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic. Biography Youth and study Johann Jakob Wettstein was born in Basel. Among his tutors in theology was Samuel Werenfels , an influential anticipator of modern critical exegesis. While still a student, Wettstein began to direct his attention to the special pursuit of his life, the text of the Greek New Testament. A relative, Johann Wettstein, who was the university librarian, gave him permission to examine and collate the principal manuscripts of the New Testament in the library, and he copied the various readi...
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Caspar Coolhaes
1536 - 1615 (79 years)
Caspar Coolhaes, or Koolhaas, was a Reformed minister in the Netherlands and a libertine opponent of Calvinistic confessionalism. Caspar Coolhaes was born in Cologne in 1536. He studied at Düsseldorf. In 1566 he joined the Reformation. He pastored in the regions of Zweibruck and Nassau. In 1574 he accepted a professorship at the new University of Leiden.
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Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind
1767 - 1829 (62 years)
Friedrich Gottlieb Süskind was a German Protestant theologian born in Neuenstadt am Kocher. In 1783, he began his theological studies at the Protestant seminar in Tübingen, later embarking on an extensive journey throughout Germany . Afterwards, he served as "pastor repentant" at Tübinger Stift, followed by a vicariate in Stuttgart . Between 1795 and 1798, he served as a Diakonus in Urach. In 1798, he became an associate professor at the University of Tübingen, and in 1805 returned to Stuttgart, where he was appointed Oberhofprediger and Konsistorialrat. In 1809, he was involved in the litur...
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Daniel Williams
1643 - 1716 (73 years)
Daniel Williams was a British benefactor, minister and theologian, within the Presbyterian tradition, i.e. a Christian outside the Church of England. He is known largely for the legacy he left which led to the creation of Dr Williams's Library, a centre for research on English Dissenters.
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Petrus van Mastricht
1630 - 1706 (76 years)
Petrus van Mastricht was a Reformed theologian. He was born in Cologne to a refugee from Maastricht during the Dutch revolt. His father's family name was originally "Schoning," but he changed it to "van Mastricht" on moving to Cologne. Petrus occasionally used the Latinized pseudonym Scheuneneus. Johannes Hoornbeeck was Masticht's pastor from 1639 to 1643 and his teacher at the University of Utrecht starting in 1647, along with Gisbertus Voetius and others. From 1650 to 1652 he took a tour of study at Leiden University and possibly Oxford and the University of Heidelberg. From there he took pastorates at Xanten, Glückstadt, Frankfurt an der Oder, and Duisburg.
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Ruard Tapper
1487 - 1559 (72 years)
Ruard Tapper was a Dutch theologian of the Catholic Reformation, a chancellor of Leuven University, and an inquisitor. Life Tapper was born at Enkhuizen, County of Holland, on 15 February 1487. He matriculated at Leuven University on 11 June 1503, and graduated M.A. in 1507, placing second highest in his year. While studying Theology he taught physics and logic, and in 1511 sat on the university council on behalf of the Faculty of Arts. In 1517 he served as dean of the Faculty of Arts. He was ordained to the priesthood in 1515, and graduated Licentiate of Sacred Theology on 3 June 1516 and Doctor of Sacred Theology on 16 August 1519.
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Christian Siegmund Georgi
1702 - 1771 (69 years)
Christian Siegmund Georgi was an evangelical theologian at Wittenberg in the heart of Germany. Life Christian Siegmund Georgi was born in Luckau, a small town in Lusatian flat lands south of Berlin. His father was a senior official in the town. He attended school locally till 1720 when he moved to Zwickau to further his education. On 4 June 1722 he enrolled at the University of Wittenberg. Alongside his interest in Theology, he initially devoted himself to the study of classical and oriental languages. On 30 April 1723 he was awarded his Magister degree from the Philosophy Faculty.
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Dirck Coornhert
1522 - 1590 (68 years)
Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert , also known as Theodore Cornhert, was a Dutch writer, philosopher, translator, politician, theologian and artist. Coornhert is often considered the Father of Dutch Renaissance scholarship.
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Daniel Cramer
1568 - 1637 (69 years)
Daniel Cramer was a German Lutheran theologian and writer from Reetz , Brandenburg. He was an opponent of the Ramists and the Jesuits. Life He became professor and archdeacon at Stettin. Earlier, in the 1590s, he was at the University of Marburg, writing on Aristotle.
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Johann Leonhard Hug
1765 - 1846 (81 years)
Johann Leonhard Hug , was a German Roman Catholic theologian, orientalist and biblical scholar. Life In 1783 he entered the University of Freiburg, where he became a pupil in the seminary for the training of priests, and soon distinguished himself in classical and Oriental philology as well as in biblical exegesis and criticism. In 1787 he became superintendent of studies in the seminary, and held this appointment until the breaking up of the establishment in 1790. In the following year he was called to the Freiburg chair of Oriental languages and Old Testament exegesis; to the duties of this ...
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Jan Jacob van Oosterzee
1817 - 1882 (65 years)
Jan Jacob van Oosterzee , Dutch divine, was born at Rotterdam. He was educated at the University of Utrecht 1835–1839. He was also known as Jan Jakob van Oosterzee, JJ van Oosterzee, or Johannes Jacobus van Oosterzee.
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Emil Albert Friedberg
1837 - 1910 (73 years)
Emil Albert Friedberg was a German canonist. Friedberg was born at Konitz, Province of Prussia. His Jewish parents had joined the Evangelical Church in Prussia before his birth, letting him baptised Protestant. Friedberg was educated at Berlin and Heidelberg. After having been a member of the faculty at Berlin, Halle, and Freiberg, he was appointed professor at Leipzig in 1869.
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Salomon van Til
1643 - 1713 (70 years)
Salomon van Til was a theologian of the Dutch Reformed Church and a leading theological thinker of the post-Cocceius era. Background Van Til was born in Weesp, the son of Johannes van Til and his wife Barbara le Grand. He was raised within the Dutch Reformed Church; his father was a pastor and wished for his son to follow in his foot-steps. To this end, he attended the Latin school in Alkmaar and then the University of Utrecht. A minor speech impediment forced him to focus on medicine, rather than theology, for fear that he would be unable to articulate theological concepts. But van Til remai...
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Carl Georg Rogberg
1789 - 1834 (45 years)
Carl Georg Rogberg was a Swedish priest and university teacher. Rogberg matriculated at Uppsala University in 1807 and studied at the faculty of theology where he graduated in 1818. He started to take seminaries to become a vicar at Heliga Trefaldighets congregation in Uppsala in 1823. In 1828 he became a member of the Bible commission, which was working on a new translation of the Bible into Swedish and in 1831 he became professor of pastoral theology in Uppsala.
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Jonathan Parsons
1705 - 1776 (71 years)
Jonathan Parsons was a Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period and a supporter of the American Revolution. Born in West Springfield, Massachusetts, he was the youngest son of Ebenezer Parsons and Margaret Marshfield of Springfield. Though intended for an artisan career, the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, then a tutor at Yale, persuaded young Parsons to prepare for college.
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Absalon
1128 - 1201 (73 years)
Absalon was a Danish statesman and prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Roskilde from 1158 to 1192 and archbishop of Lund from 1178 until his death. He was the foremost politician and church father of Denmark in the second half of the 12th century, and was the closest advisor of King Valdemar I of Denmark. He was a key figure in the Danish policies of territorial expansion in the Baltic Sea, Europeanization in close relationship with the Holy See, and reform in the relation between the Church and the public. He combined the ideals of Gregorian Reform with loyal support o...
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Harrison Gray Otis Dwight
1803 - 1862 (59 years)
Harrison Gray Otis Dwight was an American Congregational missionary. Biography Harrison Gray Otis Dwight was born on November 22, 1803, in Conway, Massachusetts. His father was Seth Dwight and mother was Hannah Strong .
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Vincent Taylor
1887 - 1968 (81 years)
Vincent Taylor was a Methodist biblical scholar and theologian. He was elected to the Fellowship of the British Academy in 1954, specializing in theology. During his career, he was both Principal of Wesley College, Headingley, Leeds and, from 1930–58, Ferens Professor of New Testament Language and Literature there. He was also Examiner in Biblical Theology, London University. He is described as "one of the outstanding New Testament scholars of his day and theologian of great renown and influence" with an "immense" literary output. According to the British Academy, his principal publications ...
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Martin Franzmann
1907 - 1976 (69 years)
Martin H. Franzmann was an American Lutheran clergyman and theologian. He was also a college professor and poet who wrote numerous books and hymns. Early life and education Martin Hans Franzmann was born in Lake City, Minnesota. He was the son of Rev. William Franzmann and Else Franzmann . His father was an immigrant from Germany and was a Lutheran minister. Franzmann graduated from Northwestern College before entering Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary. He had also studied at the University of Chicago, but did not earn a degree. He later studied in Greece as a Daniel L. Shorey Traveling Fellow.
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Emani Sambayya
1905 - 1972 (67 years)
Canon Emani Sambayya was an Anglican Priest, who was born in Bodipalem in Guntur District, Andhra Pradesh. He has been described as an "eloquent speaker and a gifted writer." Early life and education Emani Sambayya was born in Bodipalem in Andhra Pradesh on 25 July 1905.
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Bartholomäus Ringwaldt
Bartholomäus Ringwaldt was a German didactic poet and Lutheran pastor. He is most recognized as a hymnwriter. Biography Bartholomäus Ringwaldt was born in Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Germany. From 1543, he studied theology. After graduating, he first started his career as a teacher. He was ordained into the Lutheran Ministry during 1557 and served as pastor of two parishes. In 1566, he became the pastor of Langenfeld, Neumark. Starting during the 1570s, he wrote songs and poems which focused on his religious and theological beliefs. Ringwaldt was a prolific hymnist, and may have composed tunes as...
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Antonín Chráska
1868 - 1953 (85 years)
Antonín Chráska was a Czech Protestant missionary, translator and theologian. Chráska translated the Protestant Bible into Slovene for the first time since the 1584 Dalmatian Bible. Born into a family of weavers, Chráska decided to study theology at the age of 21. In 1897 he married and moved with his wife to Ljubljana, where he learned Slovene and began missionary work.
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Alfred Tooming
1907 - 1977 (70 years)
Alfred Tooming was an Estonian prelate who served as the Archbishop of Tallinn and Primate of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church between 1967 and 1977. He was born on Idu farm in Ülejõe, Anija Parish, Governorate of Estonia in the Russian Empire, the son of Tõnu Tooming and Miina Roop. He studied at Kehra Municipal School between 1916 and 1919 and in 1927 graduated from the Jakob Westholm Gymnasium. From 1927 to 1932 he studied at the Faculty of Theology of the University of Tartu. He was ordained priest in St. Mary's Cathedral, Tallinn on 2 September 1934.
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Henry James Sr.
1811 - 1882 (71 years)
Henry James Sr. was an American theologian and the father of the philosopher William James, the novelist Henry James, and the diarist Alice James. Following a dramatic moment of spiritual enlightenment, he became deeply absorbed in Swedenborgianism, repudiating materialism and following the utopian path to grace. In this way, he was generally out of sympathy with contemporary American leaders of philosophical thought. His influence was felt more in frequent lively debates within his own circle of friends than in public life. He said “I love the fireside rather than the forum."
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Randolph Sinks Foster
1820 - 1903 (83 years)
Randolph Sinks Foster was an American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1872. Biography Born on February 22, 1820, at Williamsburg, Ohio, U.S., the son of Israel Foster and Mary "Polly" Kain, he attended Augusta College in Kentucky, but left to become a Preacher in the Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church when he was only seventeen. He was ordained to the Traveling Ministry by Bishops Waugh and Hedding. He went on to become the pastor of the Mulberry Street M.E. Church in New York City, where he met Daniel Drew, the financier who provided the original funding...
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Palladius of Ratiaria
301 - 400 (99 years)
Palladius of Ratiaria was a late 4th century Arian Christian theologian, based in the Roman province of Dacia in modern Romania. He was deposed from his office, together with Secundianus of Singidunum, at the Council of Aquileia, held in 381 AD.
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Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi
1903 - 1964 (61 years)
Cyprian Michael Iwene Tansi , OCSO was an Igbo Nigerian priest of the Catholic Church who worked in the Archdiocese of Onitsha and later became a Trappist monk at Mount Saint Bernard Monastery in England.
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Orlando Costas
1941 - 1987 (46 years)
Orlando Enrique Costas was a Hispanic Evangelical theologian and missiologist. Biography Costas was born in Ponce, Puerto Rico to Methodist parents, Ventura Enrique Costas and Rosaline Rivera. He moved with his father to the United States, living first in the Bronx and then Bridgeport, CT. He finished his high school years at Bob Jones Academy and studied at the Missionary College of Nyack. Costas returned to Puerto Rico, where he was ordained in the American Baptist Churches of Puerto Rico, pastored a local church, and studied at the Interamerican University. He returned to the United States...
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David Friedrich Weinland
1829 - 1915 (86 years)
David Friedrich Weinland was a German zoologist and novelist. The son of a pastor, Weinland attended the Protestant Seminary in Maulbronn from 1843 to 1847. He studied theology at the University of Tübingen 1847–51, followed by two semester of studying natural sciences. He earned his PhD in 1852. then worked as an assistant at the Zoological Museum in Berlin. From 1855 he conducted scientific investigations in Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean and worked for three years in Louis Agassiz's microscopical laboratory at Harvard University.
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Albert Eichhorn
1856 - 1926 (70 years)
Karl Albert August Ludwig Eichhorn was a German Protestant theologian. He was the author of Das Abendmahl im Neuen Testament and one of the founders of the history of religions school, an approach that sought to understand all religions, including Christianity and Judaism, as socio-cultural phenomena that developed in comparable ways. His pioneering work on the role of the contemporary needs, beliefs, and culture that shaped the New Testament reports of the Last Supper argued that this early Christian sacramental meal reflected the influence of Near Eastern gnostic ideas.
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Nikephoros Theotokis
1731 - 1800 (69 years)
Nikephoros Theotokis or Nikiforos Theotokis was a Greek scholar and theologian, who became an archbishop in the southern provinces of the Russian Empire. A polymath, he is respected by the Greek Orthodox church as one of the "teachers of the nation".
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Jean-Baptiste Cotelier
1626 - 1686 (60 years)
Jean-Baptiste Cotelier or Cotelerius was a Patristic scholar and Catholic theologian. Life His early education was under the personal direction of his father, at one time a Protestant minister, but later a convert to Catholicism. He was reportedly able to interpret the Bible in the original Hebrew and Greek before the General Assembly of the French clergy in Mantes ; he made such a favourable impression on the clergy that they increased his father's pension. During the period of his theological studies at Paris , Cotelier's intellectual qualities procured for him an introduction to the king .
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Jaan Kiivit Sr.
1906 - 1971 (65 years)
Jaan Kiivit Senior was an Estonian prelate who was the Archbishop of Tallinn and the first primate of the Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church from 1949 and 1967, after the break away from the exiled Estonian Evangelium's Lutheran Church.
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Robert Knight Rudolph
1906 - 1986 (80 years)
Robert Knight Rudolph was an American Reformed Episcopal minister and theologian. He served as Professor of Systematic Theology and Christian Ethics at the Theological Seminary of the Reformed Episcopal Church in Philadelphia for forty-nine years before his retirement in 1981. Together Rudolph and his father trained men for the gospel ministry at this institution for a total of seventy-four years. Rudolph was known for his strict adherence to Calvinism and presuppositional apologetics.
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Friedrich Spanheim the Younger
1632 - 1701 (69 years)
Friedrich Spanheim the Younger was a German Calvinist theologian of conservative views, son of Friedrich Spanheim. Life He was born in Geneva, and studied at the University of Leiden, graduating M.A. in 1648. He joined the faculty of the University of Heidelberg in 1655.
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Eelco Alta
1723 - 1798 (75 years)
Eelco Alta was a Frisian clergyman, theologian, and veterinarian. Education Eelco Alta was born in 1723 in the coastal village of Makkum, and studied theology at the University of Franeker from 1737 until 1745, when he started as a minister in the nearby villages of Beers and Jellum. After nine years he moved to the main protestant church of Boazum, where he was to spend almost all of the next fifty years. He was politically active in the last years of the Dutch Republic, siding with the forces of republican "Patriotism", partly for religious reasons. During the royalist backlash of the late...
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