The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
Methodology: How and Why We Rank by Influence …
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List of the most influential people
#8401
Maeve Kennedy McKean
#8411
Overall Influence
1979 - 2020 (41 years)
Maeve Fahey Kennedy McKean was an American public health official, human rights attorney, and academic. A member of the Kennedy family, she was a daughter of Maryland Lieutenant Governor Kathleen Kennedy Townsend and a granddaughter of Senator Robert F. Kennedy.
Go to Profile#8402
Rio Ferdinand
#8412
Overall Influence
1978 - Present (48 years)
Rio Gavin Ferdinand is an English former professional footballer who played as a centre-back, and is now a television pundit for TNT Sports. He played 81 times for the England national team between 1997 and 2011, and was a member of three FIFA World Cup squads. He is one of the most decorated English footballers of all time and regarded by many as one of England's greatest ever players.
Go to Profile#8403
John Summerson
#8413
Overall Influence
1904 - 1992 (88 years)
Sir John Newenham Summerson, was one of the leading British architectural historians of the 20th century. Early life John Summerson was born at Barnstead, Coniscliffe Road, Darlington. His grandfather worked for the Darlington and Stockton Railway and founded the family foundry of Thomas Summerson and Sons in Darlington in 1869. After the premature death of his father, Samuel James Summerson, in 1907, Summerson travelled extensively in England and Europe with his mother Dorothea and then attended a prep school at Riber Castle in Derbyshire before going to Harrow and the Bartlett School of A...
Go to Profile#8404
Russell Hoban
#8414
Overall Influence
1925 - 2011 (86 years)
Russell Conwell Hoban was an American expatriate writer. His works span many genres, including fantasy, science fiction, mainstream fiction, magical realism, poetry, and children's books. He lived in London from 1969 until his death.
Go to Profile#8405
Keith Donnellan
#8415
Overall Influence
1931 - 2015 (84 years)
Keith Sedgwick Donnellan was an American philosopher and professor of philosophy at the University of California, Los Angeles. Donnellan contributed to the philosophy of language, notably to the analysis of proper names and definite descriptions. He criticized Bertrand Russell's theory of definite descriptions for overlooking the distinction between referential and attributive use of definite descriptions.
Go to Profile#8406
Caroline Fourest
#8416
Overall Influence
1975 - Present (51 years)
Caroline Fourest , is a French feminist writer, film director, journalist, radio presenter at France Culture, and editor of the magazine ProChoix. She was also a columnist for Charlie Hebdo, for Le Monde until 14 July 2012, and she joined Marianne in 2016.
Go to Profile#8407
Gloria Estefan
#8417
Overall Influence
1957 - Present (69 years)
Gloria María Milagrosa Fajardo García , simply known as Gloria Estefan , is an American singer, actress, and businesswoman. Estefan is an eight-time Grammy Award winner, a Presidential Medal of Freedom recipient, and has been named one of the Top 100 greatest artists of all time by both VH1 and Billboard. Estefan's record sales exceed 100 million worldwide, making her one of the best-selling female singers of all-time. Many of Estefan's songs became international chart-topping hits, including "1-2-3", "Don't Wanna Lose You", "Coming Out of the Dark", "Turn the Beat Around", and "Heaven's What I Feel".
Go to Profile#8408
Coleman Barks
#8418
Overall Influence
1937 - Present (89 years)
Coleman Barks is an American poet, and former literature faculty at the University of Georgia. Although he neither speaks nor reads Persian, he is a popular interpreter of Rumi, rewriting the poems based on other English translations.
Go to Profile#8409
Guy Davenport
#8419
Overall Influence
1927 - 2005 (78 years)
Guy Mattison Davenport was an American writer, translator, illustrator, painter, intellectual, and teacher. Life Guy Davenport was born in Anderson, South Carolina, in the foothills of Appalachia on November 23, 1927. His father was an agent for the Railway Express Agency. Davenport said that he became a reader only at 10, with a neighbor’s gift of one of the Tarzan series. At age eleven, he began a neighborhood newspaper, drawing all the illustrations and writing all the stories. At 13, he "broke [his] right leg and was laid up for a wearisome while"; it was then that he began "reading with real interest", beginning with a biography of Leonardo.
Go to Profile#8410
Chris Paul
#8420
Overall Influence
1985 - Present (41 years)
Christopher Emmanuel Paul , nicknamed "CP3" and "the Point God", is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association . Widely regarded as one of the greatest point guards of all time, Paul has won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award, an NBA All-Star Game Most Valuable Player Award, two Olympic gold medals, and led the NBA in assists five times and steals a record six times. He has also been selected to twelve NBA All-Star teams, eleven All-NBA teams, and nine NBA All-Defensive teams. In 2021, he was selected to the NBA 75th Anniversary Team.
Go to Profile#8411
Betsy McCaughey
#8421
Overall Influence
1948 - Present (78 years)
Elizabeth Helen McCaughey , formerly known as Betsy McCaughey Ross, is an American politician who was the Lieutenant Governor of New York from 1995 to 1998, during the first term of Governor George Pataki. She unsuccessfully sought the Democratic Party nomination for governor after Pataki dropped her from his 1998 ticket, and she ended up on the ballot under the Liberal Party line. In August 2016 the Donald Trump presidential campaign announced that she had joined the campaign as an economic adviser.
Go to Profile#8412
Pekka Himanen
#8422
Overall Influence
1973 - Present (53 years)
Pekka Himanen is a Finnish philosopher. Professional career Pekka Himanen studied philosophy at the University of Helsinki, under professor Esa Saarinen. In 1994, with his thesis on the philosophy of religion, The challenge of Bertrand Russell, he received his Ph.D. in philosophy from the same university, breaking the record as the youngest person to obtain a PhD in Finland, following other record-breaking young PhDs supervised by Saarinen.
Go to Profile#8413
Louk Hulsman
#8423
Overall Influence
1923 - 2009 (86 years)
Lodewijk Henri Christian Hulsman, known as Louk Hulsman was a Dutch legal scientist and criminologist. Life According to Hulsman, his childhood and adolescence were marked by the time he spent in a religious boarding school that left him traumatized. After graduating from school Hulsman was involved in a resistance movement during World War II. In 1944 he was convicted of using counterfeit identification papers and imprisoned at the Amersfoort concentration camp. While being transferred to Germany he successfully escaped. After returning to the Netherlands he joined the Allied troops as a soldier during the last weeks of the Second World War.
Go to Profile#8414
Lawrence Wilkerson
#8424
Overall Influence
1945 - Present (81 years)
Lawrence B. Wilkerson is a retired United States Army Colonel and former chief of staff to United States Secretary of State Colin Powell. Since the end of his military career, Wilkerson has criticized many aspects of the Iraq War, including his own preparation of Powell's presentation to the United Nations Security Council, as well as other aspects of American policy in the Middle East. He is a lifelong Republican and firmly on the political right.
Go to Profile#8415
Barry Windsor-Smith
#8425
Overall Influence
1949 - Present (77 years)
Barry Windsor-Smith is a British comic book illustrator and painter whose best-known work has been produced in the United States. He attained note working on Marvel Comics' Conan the Barbarian from 1970 to 1973, and for his work on the character Wolverine, particularly the 1991 "Weapon X" story arc. His other noted Marvel work included a 1984 "Thing" story in Marvel Fanfare, the "Lifedeath" and "Lifedeath II" stories with writer Chris Claremont that focused on the de-powered Storm in The Uncanny X-Men, as well as the 1984 Machine Man limited series with Herb Trimpe and Tom DeFalco.
Go to Profile#8416
Pal Ahluwalia
#8426
Overall Influence
Pal Ahluwalia is a Kenyan academic and the Vice-Chancellor of University of the South Pacific. Ahluwalia was born in Nairobi, Kenya, and educated at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada and Flinders University in Australia. He worked as a professor of politics at the University of Adelaide and then as Pro Vice-Chancellor and Acting Deputy Vice-Chancellor at the University of South Australia. In October 2014 he was appointed Pro Vice-Chancellor at the University of Portsmouth. In June 2018, Ahluwalia was appointed vice-chancellor of the University of the South Pacific.
Go to Profile#8417
Denham Harman
#8427
Overall Influence
1916 - 2014 (98 years)
Denham Harman was an American medical academic who latterly served as professor emeritus at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Harman is known as the "father of the free radical theory of aging".
Go to Profile#8418
Letitia Baldrige
#8428
Overall Influence
1926 - 2012 (86 years)
Letitia "Tish" Baldrige was an American etiquette expert, public relations executive and author who was most famous for serving as Jacqueline Kennedy's Social Secretary. Known as the "Doyenne of Decorum", she wrote a newspaper column, ran her own PR firm, and, along with updating Amy Vanderbilt's Complete Book of Etiquette, she published 20 books and appeared on Late Night with David Letterman and the cover of Time magazine.
Go to Profile#8419
Jerry Leiber
#8429
Overall Influence
1933 - 2011 (78 years)
#8420
Russell Crowe
#8430
Overall Influence
1964 - Present (62 years)
Russell Ira Crowe is an actor. He was born in New Zealand, spent 10 years of his childhood in Australia, and moved there permanently at age 21. He has earned various accolades, including an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and a British Academy Film Award.
Go to Profile#8421
Sanjeev Arora
#8431
Overall Influence
1968 - Present (58 years)
Sanjeev Arora is an Indian American theoretical computer scientist. Life He was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2002–03. In 2008 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery. In 2011 he was awarded the ACM Infosys Foundation Award , given to mid-career researchers in Computer Science. He is a two time recipient of the Gödel Prize . Arora has been awarded the Fulkerson Prize for 2012 for his work on improving the approximation ratio for graph separators . In 2012 he became a Simons Investigator. Arora was elected in 2015 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2018 to the National Academy of Science.
Go to Profile#8422
George Elliott Clarke
#8432
Overall Influence
1960 - Present (66 years)
George Elliott Clarke, is a Canadian poet, playwright and literary critic who served as the Poet Laureate of Toronto from 2012 to 2015, and as the 2016–2017 Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate. His work is known largely for its use of a vast range of literary and artistic traditions , its lush physicality and its bold political substance. One of Canada's most illustrious poets, Clarke is also known for chronicling the experience and history of the Black Canadian communities of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, creating a cultural geography that he has coined "Africadia".
Go to Profile#8423
Loren Coleman
#8433
Overall Influence
1947 - Present (79 years)
Loren Coleman is an American cryptozoologist who has written over 40 books on a number of topics, including the pseudoscience and subculture of cryptozoology. Early life Coleman was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and grew up in Decatur, Illinois. He was the oldest of four children. His father was a firefighter and his mother a homemaker. He graduated in 1965 from MacArthur High School. He studied anthropology and zoology at Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, and psychiatric social work at the Simmons College School of Social Work in Boston. He did further studies in doctoral-level anthropology at Brandeis University and sociology at the University of New Hampshire.
Go to Profile#8424
Guillermo del Toro
#8434
Overall Influence
1964 - Present (62 years)
Guillermo del Toro Gómez is a Mexican filmmaker, author, and makeup artist. A recipient of three Academy Awards and three BAFTA Awards, his work has been characterized by a strong connection to fairy tales and horror, with an effort to infuse visual or poetic beauty in the grotesque. He has had a lifelong fascination with monsters, which he considers symbols of great power. He is also known for his use of insectile and religious imagery, his themes of Catholicism, anti-fascism, and celebrating imperfection, underworld motifs, practical special effects, and dominant amber lighting.
Go to Profile#8425
C. S. Holling
#8435
Overall Influence
1930 - 2019 (89 years)
Crawford Stanley "Buzz" Holling, was a Canadian ecologist, and Emeritus Eminent Scholar and Professor in Ecological Sciences at the University of Florida. Holling was one of the conceptual founders of ecological economics.
Go to Profile#8426
Julius Rebek
#8436
Overall Influence
1944 - Present (82 years)
Julius Rebek Jr. is a Hungarian-American chemist and expert on molecular self-assembly. Rebek was born in Beregszász, Kingdom of Hungary, , which at the time was part of Hungary, in 1944 and lived in Austria from 1945 to 1949. In 1949 he and his family immigrated to the United States and settled in Topeka, Kansas where he graduated from Highland Park High School. Rebek graduated from the University of Kansas with a Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry. Rebek received his Master of Arts degree and his Ph.D. in organic chemistry from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1970. There he studied peptides under D.
Go to Profile#8427
Victor Dubowitz
#8437
Overall Influence
1931 - Present (95 years)
Victor Dubowitz, FRCP, Hon FRCPCH is a British neurologist and professor emeritus at Imperial College London. He is principally known along with his wife Lilly Dubowitz for developing two clinical tests, the Dubowitz Score to estimate gestational age and the other for the systematic neurological examination of the newborn.
Go to Profile#8428
Henry Rousso
#8438
Overall Influence
1954 - Present (72 years)
Henry Rousso is an Egyptian-born French historian specializing in World War II France. Early life Henry Rousso was born on 23 November 1954 in Cairo, Egypt, to a Jewish family. Forced out of Egypt under anti-Semitic measures instituted by the Nasser regime, and stripped of Egyptian nationality, they fled to France in 1956.
Go to Profile#8429
Bruce Greenwald
#8439
Overall Influence
1946 - Present (80 years)
Bruce Corman Norbert Greenwald , is a professor at Columbia University's Graduate School of Business and an advisor at First Eagle Investment Management. He is, among others, the author of the books Value Investing: from Graham to Buffett and Beyond and Competition Demystified: A Radically Simplified Approach to Business Strategy. He has been referred to by The New York Times as "a guru to Wall Street's gurus" and is a recognized authority on value investing, along with additional expertise in productivity and the economics of information.
Go to Profile#8430
David Khayat
#8440
Overall Influence
1956 - Present (70 years)
David Khayat is a French oncologist. Head of the Department of Medical Oncology at the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital since 1990, he is also Professor of oncology at the University Pierre and Marie Curie and adjunct Professor at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas. He was elected at the American Society of Clinical Oncology board in 2013. Organiser of the World Summit against Cancer at the UNESCO, he initiated the Charter of Paris against Cancer and headed the French Cancer National Institute between April 2004 and September 2006. He is its Honorary President now. Professor Khayat is ...
Go to Profile#8431
Alfred W. Crosby
#8441
Overall Influence
1931 - 2018 (87 years)
Alfred Worcester Crosby Jr. was professor of History, Geography, and American Studies at the University of Texas at Austin, and University of Helsinki. He was the author of books including The Columbian Exchange and Ecological Imperialism . In these works, he provided biological and geographical explanations for the question why Europeans were able to succeed with relative ease in what he referred to as the "Neo-Europes" of Australasia, North America, and southern South America. America's Forgotten Pandemic is the first major critical history of the 1918 "Spanish" Flu.
Go to Profile#8432
Jacques Bouveresse
#8442
Overall Influence
1940 - 2021 (81 years)
Jacques Bouveresse was a French philosopher who wrote on subjects including Ludwig Wittgenstein, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, philosophy of science, epistemology, philosophy of mathematics and analytical philosophy. Bouveresse was called "an avis rara among the better known French philosophers in his championing of critical standards of thought."
Go to Profile#8433
Bernard Chazelle
#8443
Overall Influence
1955 - Present (71 years)
Bernard Chazelle is a French-born computer scientist. He is currently the Eugene Higgins Professor of Computer Science at Princeton University. Much of his work is in computational geometry, where he is known for his study of algorithms, such as linear-time triangulation of a simple polygon, as well as major complexity results, such as lower bound techniques based on discrepancy theory. He is also known for his invention of the soft heap data structure and the most asymptotically efficient known deterministic algorithm for finding minimum spanning trees.
Go to Profile#8434
Mieke Bal
#8444
Overall Influence
1946 - Present (80 years)
Maria Gertrudis "Mieke" Bal is a Dutch cultural theorist, video artist, and Professor Emerita in Literary Theory at the University of Amsterdam. Previously she also was Academy Professor of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and co-founder of the Amsterdam School for Cultural Analysis at the University of Amsterdam.
Go to Profile#8435
Dan Simmons
#8445
Overall Influence
1948 - Present (78 years)
Dan Simmons is an American science fiction and horror writer. He is the author of the Hyperion Cantos and the Ilium/Olympos cycles, among other works which span the science fiction, horror, and fantasy genres, sometimes within a single novel. Simmons's genre-intermingling Song of Kali won the World Fantasy Award. He also writes mysteries and thrillers, some of which feature the continuing character Joe Kurtz.
Go to Profile#8436
Ana Kasparian
#8446
Overall Influence
1986 - Present (40 years)
Anahit Misak Kasparian is an American political commentator, media host, and journalist. She is the main host and a producer of the online news show The Young Turks, having begun working as a fill-in producer for the show in 2007. She also appeared on the television version of the show that aired on Current TV. She formerly hosted The Point on the TYT Network and co-hosted a Jacobin YouTube show, Weekends with Ana Kasparian and Nando Vila.
Go to Profile#8437
Stuart Vyse
#8447
Overall Influence
1950 - Present (76 years)
Stuart Vyse is an American psychologist, teacher, speaker and author who specializes in belief in superstitions and critical thinking. He is frequently invited as a speaker and interviewed by the media as an expert on superstitious behavior. His book Believing in Magic: The Psychology of Superstition won the American Psychological Association's William James Book Award.
Go to Profile#8438
Richard David Precht
#8448
Overall Influence
1964 - Present (62 years)
Richard David Precht is a German philosopher and author of successful popular science books about philosophical issues. He hosts the TV show "Precht" on ZDF. He was an honorary professor of philosophy at the Leuphana University of Lüneburg from 2011 to October 2023 and is an honorary professor of philosophy and aesthetics at the Hanns Eisler University of Music in Berlin. Since the great success with Wer bin ich – und wenn ja, wie viele? , Precht's books on philosophical or sociopolitical topics became bestsellers.
Go to Profile#8439
Lois Duncan
#8449
Overall Influence
1934 - 2016 (82 years)
Lois Duncan Steinmetz , known as Lois Duncan, was an American writer, novelist, poet, and journalist. She is best known for her young-adult novelss, and has been credited by historians as a pioneering figure in the development of young-adult fiction, particularly in the genres of horror, thriller, and suspense.
Go to Profile#8440
Val Logsdon Fitch
#8450
Overall Influence
1923 - 2015 (92 years)
Val Logsdon Fitch was an American nuclear physicist who, with co-researcher James Cronin, was awarded the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics for a 1964 experiment using the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron at Brookhaven National Laboratory that proved that certain subatomic reactions do not adhere to fundamental symmetry principles. Specifically, they proved, by examining the decay of K-mesons, that a reaction run in reverse does not retrace the path of the original reaction, which showed that the reactions of subatomic particles are not indifferent to time. Thus the phenomenon of CP violation was discovered.
Go to Profile#8441
Bobby Orr
#8451
Overall Influence
1948 - Present (78 years)
Robert Gordon Orr is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player, widely acknowledged as one of the greatest of all time. Orr used his ice skating speed, scoring, and play-making abilities to revolutionize the position of defenceman. He played in the National Hockey League for 12 seasons, the first 10 with the Boston Bruins, followed by two with the Chicago Black Hawks. Orr remains the only defenceman to have won the league scoring title with two Art Ross Trophies. He holds the record for most points and assists in a single season by a defenceman. Orr won a record eight consecutive Nor...
Go to Profile#8442
Romário
#8452
Overall Influence
1966 - Present (60 years)
Romário de Souza Faria , known simply as Romário , is a Brazilian politician and a former professional footballer. A prolific striker renowned for his clinical finishing, he scored over 700 goals and is one of the few players to score at least 100 goals for three clubs. He is considered one of the greatest players of all time. Romário starred for Brazil in their 1994 FIFA World Cup triumph, receiving the Golden Ball as player of the tournament. He was named FIFA World Player of the Year the same year. He came fifth in the FIFA Player of the Century internet poll in 1999, was elected to the FIF...
Go to Profile#8443
David Nelken
#8453
Overall Influence
1949 - Present (77 years)
David Nelken is a Distinguished Professor of Legal Institutions and Social Change Faculty of Political Science, University of Macerata and the Distinguished Visiting Research Professor, Faculty of Law, Cardiff University. His work focuses primarily on comparative criminal justice and comparative sociology of law. He was elected a Fellow of the British Academy in 2023.
Go to Profile#8444
Serge Guinchard
#8454
Overall Influence
1946 - Present (80 years)
Serge Guinchard is a French jurist who formerly taught at the Law School of Dakar and Jean Moulin University Lyon 3 and most recently at Panthéon-Assas University, where he is now Professor emeritus. He has also held political posts in the metropolitan government of Lyon.
Go to Profile#8445
Robert Hall
#8455
Overall Influence
1943 - Present (83 years)
Robert Ernest "Bob" Hall is an American economist who serves as a professor of economics at Stanford University and as the Robert and Carole McNeil Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution. He is generally considered a macroeconomist, but he describes himself as an applied economist.
Go to Profile#8446
Neil Gershenfeld
#8456
Overall Influence
1959 - Present (67 years)
Neil Adam Gershenfeld is an American professor at MIT and the director of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms, a sister lab to the MIT Media Lab. His research studies are predominantly focused in interdisciplinary studies involving physics and computer science, in such fields as quantum computing, nanotechnology, and personal fabrication. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. Scientific American has named Gershenfeld one of their "Scientific American 50" for 2004 and has also named him Communications Research Leader of the Year. Gershenfeld is also known for releasing the Great Inventi...
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Annie Lennox
#8457
Overall Influence
1954 - Present (72 years)
Ann Lennox is a Scottish singer-songwriter, political activist and philanthropist. After achieving moderate success in the late 1970s as part of the new wave band the Tourists, she and fellow musician Dave Stewart went on to achieve international success in the 1980s as Eurythmics. Appearing in the 1983 music video for "Sweet Dreams " with orange cropped hair and wearing a man's business suit, the BBC states, "all eyes were on Annie Lennox, the singer whose powerful androgynous look defied the male gaze". Subsequent hits with Eurythmics include "There Must Be an Angel ", "Love Is a Stranger"...
Go to Profile#8448
Sut Jhally
#8458
Overall Influence
1955 - Present (71 years)
Sut Jhally is a professor of communication at the University of Massachusetts Amherst, whose work focuses on cultural studies, advertising, media, and consumption. He is the producer of more than 40 documentaries on media literacy topics and the founder and executive director of the Media Education Foundation.
Go to Profile#8449
Deirdre Bair
#8459
Overall Influence
1935 - 2020 (85 years)
Deirdre Bair was an American literary scholar and biographer. She won a National Book Award for her biography of Samuel Beckett in 1981. Early life and education Bair was born Deirdre Bartolotta on June 21, 1935 in Pittsburgh. She grew up in nearby Monongahela, Pennsylvania. Her father was a small-business owner, her mother a homemaker. She had one sister and one brother.
Go to Profile#8450
Troy Aikman
#8460
Overall Influence
1966 - Present (60 years)
Troy Kenneth Aikman is an American former football quarterback who played in the National Football League for 12 seasons with the Dallas Cowboys. After transferring from Oklahoma, he played college football at UCLA, where he won the Davey O'Brien Award as a senior. Aikman was selected first overall in the 1989 NFL Draft by the Cowboys, received six Pro Bowl selections, and won three Super Bowls. He was also named MVP of Super Bowl XXVII, the franchise's first title in over a decade. Aikman was inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2006 and the College Football Hall of Fame in 2008.
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