The Most Influential People Across History

Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.

Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.

We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.

To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).

Methodology: How and Why We Rank by Influence …

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List of the most influential people

#25751

Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett

#25762
Overall Influence
1942 - Present (84 years)
Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett is a scholar of Performance and Jewish Studies and a museum professional. Professor Emerita of Performance Studies at New York University, she is best known for her interdisciplinary contributions to Jewish studies and to the theory and history of museums, tourism, and heritage. She is currently the Ronald S. Lauder Chief Curator of the Core Exhibition and Advisor to the Director at POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw.
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#25752

Blair MacIntyre

#25763
Overall Influence
Blair MacIntyre is a Professor and Director of the Augmented Environments Lab at Georgia Institute of Technology working in the field of augmented reality. Career After completing his doctorate at Columbia University in 1998, MacIntyre moved to the Georgia Institute of Technology where he founded and was appointed director of the newly-formed Augmented Environments Lab. In 2010 MacIntyre was named as the director of the Qualcomm Augmented Reality Game Studio. Currently, MacIntyre works as a Principal Research Scientist in Mozilla's Emerging Technologies team.
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#25753

Gerald Hüther

Gerald Hüther
#25764
Overall Influence
1951 - Present (75 years)
Gerald Hüther is a German neurobiologist and author of popular science books and other writings. He often gives talks to share his findings from neurobiology at conferences like TED, but he said that he won't give many more talks during his lifetime. He also took part on talk shows like Markus Lanz and Precht.
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#25754

Richard Denniss

Richard Denniss
#25765
Overall Influence
Richard Denniss is the Executive Director of The Australia Institute. He is a prominent Australian economist, author and public policy commentator, and a former Associate Professor in the Crawford School of Public Policy at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. Denniss was described by Mark Kenny in the Sydney Morning Herald as "a constant thorn in the side of politicians on both sides due to his habit of skewering dodgy economic justifications for policy". In October 2018, The Australian Financial Review listed Denniss and Ben Oquist of The Australia Institute as equal te...
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#25755

Karen Avraham

#25766
Overall Influence
1962 - Present (64 years)
Karen B. Avraham is an Israeli-American human geneticist and the first female Dean of the Tel Aviv University's Faculty of Medicine. Born in Canada in 1962, Avraham moved to the US at a young age. Her research focuses on the discovery and characterization of genes responsible for hereditary hearing loss.
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#25756

Elizabeth Bear

Elizabeth Bear
#25767
Overall Influence
1971 - Present (55 years)
Sarah Bear Elizabeth Wishnevsky is an American author who works primarily in speculative fiction genres, writing under the name Elizabeth Bear. She won the 2005 John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer, the 2008 Hugo Award for Best Short Story for "Tideline", and the 2009 Hugo Award for Best Novelette for "Shoggoths in Bloom". She is one of a small number of writers who have gone on to win multiple Hugo Awards for fiction after winning the John W. Campbell Award for Best New Writer .
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#25757

Kamran Bagheri Lankarani

#25768
Overall Influence
1965 - Present (61 years)
Kamran Bagheri Lankarani is an Iranian physician and politician who was Minister of Health and Medical Education from 2005 until 2009. Born in 1965, he finished medical school at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, and attained an advanced fellowship degree in Medicine from the same university. He specializes in gastroenterology.
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#25758

Bruno Tolentino

#25769
Overall Influence
1940 - 2007 (67 years)
Bruno Lúcio de Carvalho Tolentino was a Brazilian poet and intellectual, known for his opposition towards the more blatant avant-garde elements of Brazilian modernism, his advocacy of classical forms and subjects in poetry, his loathing of popular culture and concrete poetry, and by his being hailed as one of the most important and influential intellectuals of his generation. His work was awarded the Prêmio Jabuti three times, in 1994, 2000 and 2007.
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#25759

Helen Boucher

#25770
Overall Influence
Helen Boucher is Dean of Tufts University School of Medicine and Chief Academic Officer of Tufts Medicine, the parent health system for Tufts Medical Center in Boston. Prior to this, she served as Chief of the Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases at Tufts Medical Center, a Professor of Medicine at Tufts University School of Medicine, and Director of the Stuart B. Levy Center for Integrated Management of Antimicrobial Resistance at Tufts.
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#25760

Lodewijk Woltjer

Lodewijk Woltjer
#25771
Overall Influence
1930 - 2019 (89 years)
Lodewijk Woltjer was an astronomer, and the son of astronomer Jan Woltjer. He studied at the University of Leiden under Jan Oort earning a PhD in astronomy in 1957 with a thesis on the Crab Nebula. This was followed by post-doctoral research appointments to various American universities and the subsequent appointment of professor of theoretical astrophysics and plasma physics in the University of Leiden. From 1964 to 1974 he was Rutherford Professor of Astronomy and Chair of the Astronomy Department at Columbia University in New York. From 1975 to 1987 he was Director General of the European Southern Observatory , where he initiated the construction of the Very Large Telescope.
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#25761

Henry Mancini

Henry Mancini
#25772
Overall Influence
1924 - 1994 (70 years)
Henry Mancini was an American composer, conductor, arranger, pianist and flautist. Often cited as one of the greatest composers in the history of film, he won four Academy Awards, a Golden Globe, and twenty Grammy Awards, plus a posthumous Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1995.
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#25762

Arvo Pärt

#25773
Overall Influence
1935 - Present (91 years)
Arvo Pärt is an Estonian composer of contemporary classical music. Since the late 1970s, Pärt has worked in a minimalist style that employs tintinnabuli, a compositional technique he invented. Pärt's music is in part inspired by Gregorian chant. His most performed works include Fratres , Spiegel im Spiegel , and Für Alina . From 2011 to 2018, and again in 2022, Pärt was the most performed living composer in the world, and the second most performed in 2019, after John Williams. The Arvo Pärt Centre, in Laulasmaa, was opened to the public in 2018.
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#25763

Albert Meyers

#25774
Overall Influence
1932 - 2007 (75 years)
Albert I. Meyers was an American organic chemist, University Distinguished Professor Emeritus at Colorado State University, and member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Born in New York City, Meyers earned undergraduate and doctoral degrees from New York University in 1954 and 1957, respectively. After finishing his graduate degree, Meyers worked as a research chemist for a year before joining the faculty of Louisiana State University as an associate professor. He rose to the rank of full professor in 1964, and was a special NIH fellow at Harvard University in 1965–1966. Meyers later ...
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#25764

Russell Ross

#25775
Overall Influence
1929 - 1999 (70 years)
Russell Ross was an American professor of pathology, known for research on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Education and career Russell Ross grew up in Jacksonville, Florida and graduated from Cornell University in 1951 before earning a degree in dentistry from Columbia University College of Dental Medicine in 1955. In 1958 he became a doctoral student and received a PhD in experimental pathology from the University of Washington at Seattle in 1962. At the University of Washington at Seattle, Dr. Ross joined the faculty of the University of Washington School of Medicine and was appointed Professor of Pathology in 1969.
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#25766

Joe M. McCord

#25777
Overall Influence
1945 - Present (81 years)
Joe Milton McCord is an American biochemist. While serving as a graduate student, he and his supervisor Irwin Fridovich were the first to describe the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase. McCord joined the board of directors of the LifeVantage Corporation in 2006, serving as the company's chief science officer from 2011 to 2012, and retired from the company in June 2013.
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#25767

Pino Mlakar

Pino Mlakar
#25778
Overall Influence
1907 - 2006 (99 years)
Pino Mlakar was a Slovenian ballet dancer, choreographer, and teacher. He was born in Novo Mesto. In 1927 he graduated from the Rudolf Laban Choreographic Institute in Hamburg. He was a member of the Ljubljana Opera and Ballet Company from 1946 to 1960. For 25 years he was a full professor at the Academy for Theatre, Radio, Film and Television of the University of Ljubljana.
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#25768

Jerome I. Elkind

#25779
Overall Influence
Jerome Elkind is an American electrical engineer and computer scientist. In 1988 he was co-founder of the Lexia Institute. Biography Elkind was educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, earning his undergraduate degree in 1951 and Sc.D. in 1957. He went on to join BBN Technologies and participated for them in the 1960 Symposium on Principles of Self-Organization. He then was appointed head of the Computer Science Laboratory at Xerox's Palo Alto Research Center . Here he held budgetary responsibility for new projects. He also worked with Bob Taylor on the Xerox Alto. He went on to ...
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#25769

F. Reid Shippen

F. Reid Shippen
#25780
Overall Influence
1974 - Present (52 years)
F. Reid Shippen is a mixer, engineer and producer, currently based in Nashville, Tennessee. He has mixed a wide variety of records including "Cosmic Hallelujah" by Kenny Chesney, "Lights Out" by Ingrid Michaelson, "The Mountain" by Dierks Bentley, "When I Was Younger" by Colony House, and "Eye On It" by TobyMac. Shippen has mixed nine Grammy Award winning projects and received the Audio Engineer of the Year award at the 54th Annual Academy of Country Music Awards.
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#25770

Michael Dorris

#25781
Overall Influence
1945 - 1997 (52 years)
Michael Anthony Dorris was an American novelist and scholar who was the first Chair of the Native American Studies program at Dartmouth College. His works include the novel A Yellow Raft in Blue Water and the memoir The Broken Cord .
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#25771

Wilma Olson

Wilma Olson
#25782
Overall Influence
1945 - Present (81 years)
Wilma K. Olson is the Mary I. Bunting professor at the Rutgers Center for Quantitative Biology at Rutgers University. Olson has her own research group on the New Brunswick campus. Although she is a polymer chemist by training, her research aims to understand the influence of chemical architecture on the conformation, properties, and interactions of nucleic acids.
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#25772

Gene Roberts

#25783
Overall Influence
1932 - Present (94 years)
Eugene Leslie Roberts Jr. is an American journalist and professor of journalism. He has been a national editor of The New York Times, executive editor of The Philadelphia Inquirer from 1972 to 1990, and managing editor of The New York Times from 1994 to 1997. Roberts is most known for presiding over The Inquirer "Golden Age", a time in which the newspaper was given increased freedom and resources, won 17 Pulitzer Prizes in 18 years, displaced The Philadelphia Bulletin as the city's "paper of record", and was considered to be Knight Ridder's crown jewel as a profitable enterprise and an influe...
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#25773

Thomas Mayer

#25784
Overall Influence
1927 - 2015 (88 years)
Thomas Mayer was an Austrian-born American economist who was professor of economics at the University of California, Davis. He previously taught at West Virginia University, the University of Notre Dame, Michigan State University, and the University of California, Berkeley.
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#25774

Elisa Aaltola

Elisa Aaltola
#25785
Overall Influence
1976 - Present (50 years)
Elisa Aaltola is a Finnish philosopher, specialised in animal philosophy, moral psychology and environmental philosophy. Biography She was a visiting PhD student at the Institute for Ethics, Environment, and Public Policy at Lancaster University and submitted her doctoral thesis to the University of Turku on Animal Individuality: Moral and Cultural Categorisations.
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#25775

Vladimir Babeshko

#25786
Overall Influence
1941 - Present (85 years)
Vladimir A. Babeshko is a Russian physicist and the former President of Kuban State University in Krasnodar, Russia. Directions of activity In 1982, Vladimir Babeshko was elected President of Kuban State University. Having found support among the workers of the university, Babeshko started implementing the idea of improving educational process based on the priority development of science. Under his leadership Kuban State University became one of the leading institutions of higher education in Russia. In 2002, the Russian-Swiss Business Club awarded a gold medal for outstanding business reputa...
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#25776

Scott Shane

Scott Shane
#25787
Overall Influence
1954 - Present (72 years)
Scott Shane is an American journalist and author, currently employed by The New York Times, reporting principally about the United States intelligence community. In 2023, his nonfiction book Flee North: A Forgotten Hero and the Fight for Freedom in Slavery's Borderland was published by Celadon Books.
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#25777

William Uricchio

William Uricchio
#25788
Overall Influence
1952 - Present (74 years)
William Charles Uricchio is an American media scholar and Professor of Comparative Media Studies at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Professor of Comparative Media History at Utrecht University in the Netherlands. Together with Henry Jenkins, he helped to build and direct MIT's Comparative Media Studies program. Uricchio was Principal Investigator of the Singapore-MIT GAMBIT Game Lab. He is founder and Principal Investigator of the MIT Open Documentary Lab. He is also author or editor of several books including We Europeans? Media, Representations, Identity; Media Cultures; Die ...
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#25778

Zacarias Moussaoui

Zacarias Moussaoui
#25789
Overall Influence
1968 - Present (58 years)
Zacarias Moussaoui is a French member of al-Qaeda who pleaded guilty in U.S. federal court to conspiring to kill citizens of the United States as part of the 9/11 attacks. He is serving life imprisonment without the possibility of parole at the Federal ADX Supermax prison in Florence, Colorado. Moussaoui is the only person ever convicted in U.S. court in connection with the 11 September attacks.
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#25779

Alan Wayne Jones

#25790
Overall Influence
Alan Wayne Jones is a researcher and scholarly writer on the subject of forensic toxicology and human physiology relating to alcohol consumption. Jones was born in Pontypridd, Wales, UK, but worked for most of his career in Sweden.
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#25780

Markus J. Buehler

Markus J. Buehler
#25791
Overall Influence
2000 - Present (26 years)
Markus J. Buehler is an American materials scientist and engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , where he holds the endowed McAfee Professorship of Engineering chair. He is a member of the faculty at MIT's Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, where he directs the Laboratory for Atomistic and Molecular Mechanics , and also a member of MIT's Center for Computational Science and Engineering in the Schwarzman College of Computing. His scholarship spans science to art, and he is also a composer of experimental, classical and electronic music, with an interest in sonification.
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#25781

Daniel Kehlmann

Daniel Kehlmann
#25792
Overall Influence
1975 - Present (51 years)
Daniel Kehlmann is a German-language novelist and playwright of both Austrian and German nationality. His novel Die Vermessung der Welt is the best selling book in the German language since Patrick Süskind's Perfume was released in 1985. In an ironic way, it deals with Alexander von Humboldt, one of the world's best-known naturalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, and Humboldt's relationship with the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss. According to The New York Times, it was the world's second-best selling novel in 2006.
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#25782

Graham Cairns-Smith

#25793
Overall Influence
1931 - 2016 (85 years)
Alexander Graham Cairns-Smith FRSE was an organic chemist and molecular biologist at the University of Glasgow. He studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he gained a Ph.D. in Chemistry . He was most famous for his controversial 1985 book Seven Clues to the Origin of Life.
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#25783

Howard Clark Kee

#25794
Overall Influence
1920 - 2017 (97 years)
Howard Clark Kee was William Goodwin Aurelio Professor of Biblical Studies Emeritus at Boston University School of Theology and a visiting faculty member at the University of Pennsylvania. After earning a PhD from Yale University in 1951, Kee was an instructor in religion and classics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1951 until 1953. He was an assistant professor and professor of New Testament at Drew University from 1953 until 1968. In 1968 he was appointed the Rufus Jones professor of history of religion at Bryn Mawr College where he taught until 1977 when he became the William Good...
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#25784

Philip Carl Salzman

#25795
Overall Influence
1940 - Present (86 years)
Philip Carl Salzman is professor emeritus of anthropology at McGill University, Quebec, Canada. Background Salzman graduated from Antioch College in Ohio, United States in 1962, and received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1972 with a thesis on "Adaptation and change among the Yarahmadzai Baluch". He conducted field research among pastoral peoples, first the Shah Nawazi nomadic tribe in Baluchistan , then with the Bharawadin Reika pastoralists in Gujarat and Rajasthani in India, and finally the Sardinians in Italy. He is retired from McGill University, and is a senior fellow of th...
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#25785

Edward Seaga

#25796
Overall Influence
1930 - 2019 (89 years)
Edward Philip George Seaga was a Jamaican politician. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Jamaica, from 1980 to 1989, and the leader of the Jamaica Labour Party from 1974 to 2005. He served as leader of the opposition from 1974 to 1980, and again from 1989 until January 2005.
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#25786

Marjorie Shostak

#25797
Overall Influence
1945 - 1996 (51 years)
Marjorie Shostak was an American anthropologist. Though she never received a formal degree in anthropology, she conducted extensive fieldwork among the !Kung San people of the Kalahari desert in south-western Africa and was widely known for her descriptions of the lives of women in this hunter-gatherer society.
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#25787

Frank de Boer

#25798
Overall Influence
1970 - Present (56 years)
Franciscus de Boer is a Dutch football manager who is currently the head coach of UAE Pro League club Al Jazira. A former defender, De Boer spent most of his professional playing career with Ajax, winning five Eredivisie titles, two KNVB Cups, three Super Cups, one UEFA Super Cup, one UEFA Cup, one UEFA Champions League, and one Intercontinental Cup. He later spent five years at Barcelona, where he won the 1998–99 La Liga title, followed by short spells at Galatasaray, Rangers, Al-Rayyan and Al-Shamal before retiring.
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#25788

Paul Y. Hammond

#25799
Overall Influence
1929 - 2012 (83 years)
Paul Young Hammond was an American foreign policy and security studies scholar. He was Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public and International Affairs from 1983 on; before that he was the Edward R. Weidlein Professor of environmental and public policy studies beginning in 1976 at the University of Pittsburgh. Before that he was senior social scientist at the RAND Corporation from 1964–76, including being head of the social science department and also being program director for strategic studies and Asian studies during 1973-76. His caree...
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#25789

David Atlas

David Atlas
#25800
Overall Influence
1924 - 2015 (91 years)
David Atlas was an American meteorologist and one of the pioneers of radar meteorology. His career extended from World War II to his death: he worked for the US Air Force, then was professor at the University of Chicago and National Center for Atmospheric Research , researcher at NASA and private consultant. Atlas owned 22 patents, published more than 260 papers, was a member of many associations, and received numerous honors in his field.
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#25790

Marcel Granollers

Marcel Granollers
#25801
Overall Influence
1986 - Present (40 years)
Marcel Granollers Pujol is a Spanish professional tennis player. He reached his career-high singles ranking of world No. 19 in July 2012, and his career-high doubles ranking of world No. 4 in February 2013. Granollers has won four ATP singles titles and 25 doubles titles, including the 2012 ATP World Tour Finals. He has also reached five Major doubles finals at the 2014 French Open, the 2014 and 2019 US Open, and the 2021 and 2023 Wimbledon Championships
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#25791

Eman Ghoneim

Eman Ghoneim
#25802
Overall Influence
Eman Ghoneim is an Egyptian/American geomorphologist. In March 2006, Dr. Ghoneim, together with Farouk El-Baz, discovered the Kebira Crater, a possible impact crater in the Sahara. In 2007, while processing microwave space data , she discovered an ancient Mega-Lake buried beneath the sand of the Great Sahara in Northern Darfur, Sudan.
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#25792

Fred Kummerow

#25803
Overall Influence
1914 - 2017 (103 years)
Fred August Kummerow was a German-born American biochemist. A longtime professor of comparative biosciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Kummerow was best known as an opponent of the use of artificial trans fats in processed foods, carrying out a 50-year campaign for a federal ban on the use of the substance in processed foods. He was one of the pioneers in establishing the connection between trans fats and heart disease, and he helped to cement the inclusion of trans fats into the Nurses' Health Study. He also helped discover that it is oxidized cholesterol, rather than...
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#25793

Peter Mansoor

#25804
Overall Influence
1960 - Present (66 years)
Peter R. Mansoor is a retired United States Army officer, military historian, and commentator on national security affairs in the media. He is known primarily as the executive officer to General David Petraeus during the Iraq War, particularly the Iraq War troop surge of 2007. He is a professor at the Ohio State University, where he holds the General Raymond E. Mason Jr. Chair of Military History.
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#25794

Rob Cavallo

Rob Cavallo
#25805
Overall Influence
1963 - Present (63 years)
Robert Siers Cavallo is an American record producer, musician, and record industry executive. He is among the biggest-selling producers in history, and has produced or had creative involvement in albums that have sold over 130 million units worldwide.
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#25795

James Boyle

James Boyle
#25806
Overall Influence
1959 - Present (67 years)
James Boyle is a Scottish intellectual property scholar. He is the William Neal Reynolds Professor of Law and co-founder of the Center for the Study of the Public Domain at Duke University School of Law in Durham, North Carolina. He is most prominently known for advocating looser copyright policies in the United States and worldwide.
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#25796

John H. Seinfeld

#25807
Overall Influence
1942 - Present (84 years)
John Hersh Seinfeld is an American chemical engineer and pioneering expert in atmospheric science. His research on air pollution has influenced public policy, and he developed the first mathematical model of air quality, which has influenced air pollution tracking and research across the United States. He has spent his career at the California Institute of Technology, where he is currently the Louis E. Nohl Professor of Chemical Engineering.
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#25797

Sean Eddy

Sean Eddy
#25808
Overall Influence
2000 - Present (26 years)
Sean Roberts Eddy is Professor of Molecular & Cellular Biology and of Applied Mathematics at Harvard University. Previously he was based at the Janelia Research Campus from 2006 to 2015 in Virginia. His research interests are in bioinformatics, computational biology and biological sequence analysis. projects include the use of Hidden Markov models in HMMER, Infernal Pfam and Rfam.
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#25798

Catherine Callaghan

#25809
Overall Influence
1931 - 2019 (88 years)
Catherine "Cathy" Callaghan was Professor Emerita in the Department of Linguistics at the Ohio State University in Columbus, Ohio. She received a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of California, Berkeley in 1963. Her doctoral dissertation was a grammar of Lake Miwok, written under the supervision of Mary Haas. She then started work on the Lake Miwok Dictionary, which was published in 1965. She was appointed Assistant Professor of Linguistics at the Ohio State University in 1965 and remained there until her retirement. She was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancem...
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#25799

Maurice Zermatten

#25810
Overall Influence
1910 - 2001 (91 years)
Maurice Zermatten was a French-speaking Swiss writer. He was born in Saint-Martin, Valais, a small village situated in the Val d'Hérens, in the canton of Valais. He was first educated at the Ecole normale and then at the University of Fribourg. He published his first novel Le Coeur inutile in 1936 at the age of 26. He taught at the College of Sion where he stayed until retirement. In 1952 he became lecturer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich. Maurice Zermatten also performs a military career leading him to the rank of colonel.
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#25800

Eleanor K. Baum

Eleanor K. Baum
#25811
Overall Influence
1940 - Present (86 years)
Areas of Specialization: Electrical Engineering Eleanor K. Baum was born in Poland. She is currently Dean Emeritus of the Albert Nerken School of Engineering at Cooper Union. As a young child, Baum and her family were forced to flee their homeland by the Nazi invasion and occupation of their country. After escaping from Poland to the Soviet Union, they traveled across Siberia to reach Japan. From there, the family immigrated to Canada, before entering the US and settling in Brooklyn, New York, where Baum, an only child, attended Midwood High School. Baum received her bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering in 1959 from City College of New York, where she was the only woman in her class.
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