The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in Education,
#2551
Elizabeth Gilmore Holt
1905 - 1987 (82 years)
Elizabeth Gilmore Holt was an American art historian. Early life and education Elizabeth Basye Gilmore was born in San Francisco, California in 1905, and raised in Madison, Wisconsin; her father Eugene Allen Gilmore was a diplomat and university president. She grew up living at the Eugene A. Gilmore House, which was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright in 1908.
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Benedict Wallet Vilakazi
1906 - 1947 (41 years)
Benedict Wallet Vilakazi was a South African novelist, linguist, a descendant of the Zulu royal family, and a radically innovative poet who created a combination of traditional and Romantic poetry in the Zulu language. Vilakazi was also a professor at the University of Witwatersrand, where he became the first Black South African to teach University classes to White South Africans. In 1946, Vilakazi also became the first Black South African to receive a PhD.
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Herbert von Einem
1905 - 1983 (78 years)
Herbert von Einem was a German art historian. Life and work Von Einem studied art history at the University of Göttingen, the Humboldt-Universität Berlin and the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. In 1928, he completed his PhD, entitled Die Plastik der Lüneburger Goldenen Tafel under Georg Vitzthum von Eckstädt, director of the art history seminar in Göttingen. In 1935 he wrote his Habilitationsschrift at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg on Carl Ludwig Fernow. In 1937 he was assistant of Vitzthum in Göttingen, and in 1938 lecturer in art history. During the Nazi era, he promoted a nationalist-defined art history.
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Edith Philips
1892 - 1983 (91 years)
Edith Philips was an American writer and academic of French literature. Her research focused on eighteenth-century French literature and French emigration to the United States. She was a Guggenheim Fellow and a professor of French at Goucher College and Swarthmore College. In 1932, she published The Good Quaker in French Legend. She served as the acting dean of women at Swarthmore and was later appointed the Susan W. Lippincott Professor of French in 1941. Philips was the founding chair of the Department of Modern Languages at Swarthmore, serving in this position from 1949 to 1960.
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Doak S. Campbell
1888 - 1973 (85 years)
Doak Sheridan Campbell was from 1941 to 1957 president of Florida State College for Women and its successor coeducational school, Florida State University. He oversaw the creation of this new university. His opposition to the admission of African-American students has caused controversy about the naming of Doak S. Campbell Stadium in his honor.
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Margaret Clapp
1910 - 1974 (64 years)
Margaret Antoinette Clapp was an American scholar, educator and Pulitzer Prize winner. She was the president of Wellesley College from 1949 to 1966. During her presidency, she was able to make many improvements to the college campus by increasing the number of faculty members and increasing financial aid for students. Other accomplishments of note during her tenure construction and remodeling of major campus buildings as well as increasing the college endowment fund.
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Tancred Borenius
1885 - 1948 (63 years)
Carl Tancred Borenius was a Finnish art historian working in England, who became the first professor of the history of art at University College London. He was a prolific author, and recognised as one of the world's leading experts on Italian art of the early Renaissance.
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Oliver Samuel Tonks
1874 - 1953 (79 years)
Oliver Samuel Tonks was an American art historian, educator, and curator. Tonks was Professor of Art History Emeritus at Vassar College. Career Born in Malden, Tonks was educated at Harvard University, where he earned three degrees: a Bachelor of Arts in 1898, a Master of Arts in 1899, and a Doctor of Philosophy in Classical Archeology in 1903. He was the first to be awarded a doctorate at Harvard in that field, and wrote a dissertation on the Brygos Painter. Additionally, Tonks was a fellow at the American School of Classical Studies at Athens for the 1901 to 1902 academic year. In the follo...
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Irene Emery
1900 - 1981 (81 years)
Irene Emery was an American art historian, scholar, curator, textile anthropologist, sculptor, and modern dancer. She was known for her pioneering research in systematically describing global textiles, and was a leading authority on ancient fabrics and textiles, and for her published book The Primary Structures of Fabrics: An Illustrated Classification .
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Helmut Ruhemann
1891 - 1973 (82 years)
Helmut Ruhemann CBE, was a German painting conservator and restorer, considered the pre-eminent of his profession during his lifetime. Early life and education He was born in Berlin and studied at Karlsruhe, Munich and Paris.
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Henri Gabriel Marceau
1896 - 1969 (73 years)
Henri Gabriel Marceau was an American architect, teacher, art historian and museum curator. He served as Director of the Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1955–1964. Career He studied architecture at Columbia University, but his education was interrupted by military service in World War I. He graduated from Columbia in 1921, and spent that summer in France rebuilding war-damaged buildings. He won the 1922 Prix de Rome in architecture, studying for the next three years at the American Academy in Rome. In 1926, he was named assistant curator of the John G. Johnson Collection, a vast collection of Old...
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Edith Hall Dohan
1877 - 1943 (66 years)
Edith Hayward Hall Dohan was an American archaeologist who earned Bryn Mawr College's first classical archaeology Ph.D. Hall was part of an excavation team with Harriet Boyd in her early career that most notably brought the first Mycenaean and pre-Mycenaean collection to be displayed in America. Hall later wrote The Decorative Art of Crete in the Bronze Age, which was published in 1906 that breaks down the evolution of the art and pottery in Crete from the Bronze Age.
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Oliver Waterman Larkin
1896 - 1970 (74 years)
Oliver Waterman Larkin was an American art historian and educator. He won the 1950 Pulitzer Prize for History for his book Art and Life in America. Life and work Larkin was born in Medford, Massachusetts, the son of Charles Ernest Larkin, a collector and dealer of antiques, and Kate Mary Waterman. He had two brothers and a sister. He grew up in Medford, and later in Georgetown, Massachusetts, where in 1914 he graduated with honors from the Perley Free School. By this time he had already begun to show his interest in the arts. He enrolled in Harvard University where he majored in French and Latin.
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Maurice H. Rees
1880 - 1945 (65 years)
Maurice Holmes Rees was American medical educator who served as Dean of the University of Colorado School of Medicine and Superintendent of the University of Colorado Hospital from 1920 to 1945. Early life and education Maurice Holmes Rees was born on April 27, 1880, in Newton, Iowa, to Spencer Harris Rees and Margaret Holmes. He attended Newton High School and served in the Iowa National Guard from 1889 to 1901, where he was honorably discharged.
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Helga Eng
1875 - 1966 (91 years)
Helga Kristine Eng was a Norwegian psychologist and educationalist. She was the third woman to receive a doctor's degree in Norway, and the first to do so in psychology. Early life and education She was born in Rakkestad as a daughter of teacher and smallholder Hans Andersen Kirkeng and Johanne Marie Sæves . She had seven siblings. She graduated from Asker Seminary in 1895, and started a career as a primary school teacher. She started in Lier, continued in Moss from 1897 to 1900 when she was hired at Lakkegata School at Tøyen, Oslo.
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Donald K. David
1896 - 1979 (83 years)
Donald Kirk David was the third dean of the Harvard Business School, serving from 1942 to 1955. Donald K. David, the Chairman of the Committee for Economic Development , established a national Commission on Money and Credit , November 21, 1957. The report of the Commission was published in June 1961 and it was subsequently disbanded.
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Kurt Bauch
1897 - 1975 (78 years)
Kurt Bauch was a German art historian with particular interest in the art of Rembrandt. The son of a Mecklenburg judge, Bauch studied art history at the University of Berlin under Adolph Goldschmidt and at the University of Munich under Heinrich Wölfflin. He wrote his Ph.D. dissertation on the Rembrandt pupil, Jacob Adriaensz Backer, at the University of Freiburg under Hans Jantzen. From 1924 to 1926 he was assistant of the famous Dutch Rembrandt scholar, Cornelis Hofstede de Groot in the Hague. In 1927 he completed his Habilitationsschrift on the art of the young Rembrandt. For some years he worked as a Privatdozent, teaching medieval and early modern art in Freiburg and Frankfurt am Main.
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Margaret Whinney
1897 - 1975 (78 years)
Margaret Dickens Whinney was a British art historian who taught at the Courtauld Institute of Art. Her published works included books on British sculpture and architecture. Life Whinney was the daughter of Thomas Bostock Whinney, an architect, and Sydney Margaret Dickens, the granddaughter of Charles Dickens. She was educated at the University of London, graduating in art history in 1935. She had published her first article in 1930, under the supervision of her mentor Tancred Borenius.
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Kurt Gerstenberg
1886 - 1968 (82 years)
Kurt Gerstenberg was a German art historian, a pupil of Heinrich Wölfflin. Gerstenberg's 1913 work Deutsche Sondergotik gave the name to Sondergotik, a style of Late Gothic architecture.
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Myrtilla Avery
1869 - 1959 (90 years)
Myrtilla Avery was an American classical scholar focused on Medieval art, former chair of the Department of Art at Wellesley College and director of the Farnsworth Art Museum from 1930–1937. Biography Avery graduated in 1891 from Wellesley College, majoring in Greek. After in which she started taking classes at University at Albany, SUNY, while working in the university library. By 1895 she earned a bachelor's degree in Library Science. Her Master of Arts degree from Wellesley was in 1913 and a doctorate in art history from Radcliffe College in 1927.
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Paul Oppé
1878 - 1957 (79 years)
Adolph Paul Oppé, was a British art historian, critic, art collector and museum official. Born in London, the son of a silk merchant, he was educated at Charterhouse, the University of St Andrews, and New College, Oxford. From 1902–1905 he taught Greek and ancient history at the universities of St Andrews and Edinburgh, and from 1905–1938 worked as a civil servant in the Board of Education. He also served as Deputy Director of the Victoria & Albert Museum. Oppé was elected as a Fellow of the British Academy in 1952.
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George Harold Edgell
1887 - 1954 (67 years)
George Harold Edgell was an American architectural and fine arts historian, author, and world expert on Sienese paintings. He was also dean of the Harvard University School of Architecture and director of the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts.
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Minnie Steckel
1890 - 1952 (62 years)
Minnie Steckel was an American teacher, psychologist, clubwoman, and an activist involved in the women's poll tax repeal movement. Steckel began her career as a school teacher and worked her way up to school principal, superintendent and school psychologist, earning her bachelor's, master's and PhD degrees. From 1932 until her death in 1952, she was the dean of women and counselor at Alabama College. She served as president of the local Montevallo chapter of the American Association of University Women from 1937 to 1939, as president of the state chapter of the Business and Professional Wome...
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Alfred Brousseau
1907 - 1988 (81 years)
Brother Alfred Brousseau, F.S.C. , was an educator, photographer and mathematician and was known mostly as a founder of the Fibonacci Association and as an educator. Biography Brother Alfred Brousseau was born in North Beach, San Francisco, as one of six children. On August 14, 1920, Brousseau entered the juniorate of the De La Salle Christian Brothers , a religious institute of teachers in the Roman Catholic Church. He was accepted into the Christian Brothers novitiate on 31 July 1923 and advanced to the scholasticate on the campus of St. Mary's College in Moraga, California, in 1924.
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Muhammad Abdul Hye
1919 - 1969 (50 years)
Muhammad Abdul Hye also known as Muhammad Abdul Hai was a Bengali educationist, litterateur, researcher and linguist who was and is remembered as a notable figure in the Bengali language movement. He was awarded Bangla Academy Literary Award in 1961 and Ekushey Padak in 1996 by the Government of Bangladesh.
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Roman Dyboski
1883 - 1945 (62 years)
Roman Dyboski was a Polish philologist and literature scholar. Professor at the Jagiellonian University since 1911. Member of the Polish Academy of Learning. He was son of Antoni Dyboski and Maria Łopuszańska.
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Anna Botsford Comstock
1854 - 1930 (76 years)
Anna Botsford Comstock was an acclaimed author, illustrator, and educator of natural studies. The first female professor at Cornell University, her over 900-page work, The Handbook of Nature Study , is now in its 24th edition. Comstock was an American artist and wood engraver known for illustrating entomological text books with her husband, John Henry Comstock including their first joint effort, The Manual for the Study of Insects . Comstock worked with Liberty Hyde Bailey, John Walton Spencer, Alice McCloskey, Julia Rogers, and Ada Georgia as part of the department of Nature Study at Cornell University.
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Wilhelm Kraiker
1899 - 1987 (88 years)
Wilhelm Kraiker was a German classical archaeologist. Life Born in Frankfurt, in 1927 Kraiker received his doctorate at Heidelberg University under Ludwig Curtius. In 1928/29 he received a , afterwards he was assistant at the Heidelberg University as well as at the German Archaeological Institute in Athens and Rome; on 12 July 1937 he habilitated in Heidelberg. From June 1941 to September 1944, Kraiker worked in Athens during the German occupation in World War II for the newly formed Kunstschutz, which was subordinate to the Army High Command Quartermaster General Eduard Wagner, and was in charge from July 1942.
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Lee Galloway
1871 - 1962 (91 years)
Lee Galloway was an American educator, publisher, and organizational theorist. He was Professor in the School of Finance and Commerce at the New York University, and co-founders of The National Association of Corporation Schools, predecessor of the American Management Association.
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Lorado Taft
1860 - 1936 (76 years)
Lorado Zadok Taft was an American sculptor, writer and educator. Part of the American Renaissance movement, his monumental pieces include, Fountain of Time, Spirit of the Great Lakes, and The Eternal Indian. His 1903 book, The History of American Sculpture, was the first survey of the subject and stood for decades as the standard reference. He has been credited with helping to advance the status of women as sculptors.
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Roswell G. Ham
1891 - 1983 (92 years)
Roswell Gray Ham was an American educator who served as the 11th President of Mount Holyoke College from 1937 to 1957. He was born in LeMoore, California and received his B.A. from University of California, Berkeley and his Ph.D. from Yale University. He taught at Yale for ten years before becoming the first male president of Mount Holyoke.
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Kathryn Brown
1900 - Present (126 years)
Kathryn Jane Brown is a British art historian and Lecturer in Art History and Visual Culture at Loughborough University. Career Educated at Seymour College, Adelaide, and the University of Adelaide, South Australia, Brown was awarded a Rhodes Scholarship. As a Rhodes Scholar, she completed a PhD at Balliol College, Oxford under the supervision of Malcolm Bowie. Brown then became a private equity lawyer in the City of London. Trained at Slaughter and May, Brown worked as an associate successively at Slaughter and May and then became an associate, and later Counsel, in the London office of US law firm Milbank, Tweed, Hadley and McCloy.
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Ernest William Tristram
1882 - 1952 (70 years)
Ernest William Tristram was a British art historian, artist and conservator, and Professor of Design at the Royal College of Art . Life Tristram was born in Carmarthen, the son of Francis William Tristram, a railway inspector, and Sarah Harverson. After leaving Carmarthen Grammar School he studied at the Royal College of Art. In 1906 he joined the teaching staff, becoming professor of design in 1926.
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Eberhard Hempel
1886 - 1967 (81 years)
Eberhard Hempel was a German art historian and professor at the TU Dresden specializing in the Baroque era. He was the author of the first modern monograph on Borromini in 1924. Early life Eberhard Hempel was born on 30 July 1886 to chemist and Louisa Delia Hempel, née Monks.
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Dorothy Burr Thompson
1900 - 2001 (101 years)
Dorothy Burr Thompson was an American classical archaeologist and art historian at Bryn Mawr College and a leading authority on Hellenistic terracotta figurines. Early life Thompson was the elder of two daughters of a prominent Philadelphia family. Her father was attorney Charles Henry Burr Jr. and her mother was novelist and biographer Anna Robeson Brown. Her grandfather was noted orator and lawyer Henry Armitt Brown. Early in life Thompson studied the Classics, attending Miss Hill's School in Center City, Pa., and The Latin School in Philadelphia. She began her study of Latin at age 9 and a...
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Hans Rookmaaker
1922 - 1977 (55 years)
Henderik Roelof "Hans" Rookmaaker was a Dutch Christian scholar, professor, and author who wrote and lectured on art theory, art history, music, philosophy, and religion. In 1948 he met Christian theologian Francis Schaeffer and became a member of L'Abri in Switzerland. Rookmaaker and his wife Anky opened a Dutch branch of L'Abri in 1971.
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Jessie P. Guzman
1898 - 1996 (98 years)
Jessie Parkhurst Guzman was a writer, archivist, historian, educator, and college administrator, primarily at the Tuskegee Institute in Tuskegee, Alabama. In her work at the Tuskegee Institute, particularly in the Department of Research and Records, she documented the lives of African Americans and maintained the Institute's lynching records.
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Agnes L. Rogers
1884 - 1943 (59 years)
Agnes Low Rogers was a Scottish educator and educational psychologist. Early life Agnes Low Rogers was born in Dundee, the daughter of William Thomson Rogers and Janet Low Rogers. She earned a master's degree at the University of St. Andrews in 1908. She passed the Moral Sciences Tripos at Cambridge in 1911, and completed doctoral studies at Teachers College, Columbia University in 1917. Her dissertation, published the following year, was titled Experimental Tests of Mathematical Ability and their Prognostic Value .
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Lottlisa Behling
1909 - 1989 (80 years)
Lottlisa Behling was a German art historian and botanist. Biography Lottlisa Behling was born on 15 July 1909 in Neustettin, Pomerania. She was a double major in art history and botany at the universities of Greifswald, Halle and Berlin. She received her doctorate degree 1937 in Berlin. Her doctoral thesis was titled Das ungegenständliche Bauornament der Gotik. Versuch einer Geschichte des Maßwerks.
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Howard Landis Bevis
1885 - 1968 (83 years)
Howard Landis Bevis was the 7th President of Ohio State University. Bevis received a bachelor's degree from the University of Cincinnati in 1908, a degree from University of Cincinnati College of Law in 1910. He served in the Ordnance Department of the United States Army during World War I, and later was chief of the legal section of the finance division of the Army Air Corps. He received a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1920. He went on to practice law in Cincinnati, Ohio and served on the faculty of the University of Cincinnati College of Law. The governor appointed Bevis to the Ohio Supreme Court in 1933 to fill a vacancy.
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Frederick Middlebush
1890 - 1971 (81 years)
Frederick Middlebush was an American educator and thirteenth president of the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri from 1935 to 1954. His presidency was the longest term ever served at the University. His presidency included the completion of the Memorial Union and a tripling in enrollment after World War II. Middlebush Hall, on the Columbia campus, is named after him. He is buried in Columbia at the Columbia Cemetery.
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Robert Kloster
1905 - 1979 (74 years)
Robert Kloster was a Norwegian museum director and art historian. Family He was born in Bergen as a son of physician Robert Emil Kloster and Alette "Ada" Falsen Wiesener . In April 1932 in Paris he married Wibecke Trane Kielland , a daughter of Jonas Schanche Kielland and sister of Thor Bendz Kielland.
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Felton Grandison Clark
1903 - 1970 (67 years)
Felton Grandison Clark was an African-American academic administrator from Louisiana. He served as the president of Southern University , a historically black university and land-grant college in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, from 1938 to 1969. During this period, he led decades of expansion that resulted in the number of students increasing from 1,500 to over 11,000. By the time of his retirement, SU had grown to be America's largest historically black university by enrollment.
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Hjalmar Broch
1882 - 1969 (87 years)
Hjalmar Broch was a Norwegian zoologist and university professor at the University of Oslo . His specialty was biology of lesser marine animals; he published extensively on the biology of fish. Biography Hjalmar Broch was born in 1882 at Horten, Vestfold, Norway. His father was grocer and brewery owner Johan Anthony Zinck Broch ; his mother was Fanny Harriet Caroline Gamborg . An older sister, Lagertha Broch , became a noted children's author, and an older brother, Olaf Broch , became a noted linguist, specializing in Slavic languages. His younger sister Nanna Broch was a noted social worker...
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Lotte Brand Philip
1910 - 1986 (76 years)
Lotte Brand Philip was a German art historian, professor and expert on Netherlandish art, one of the most notable and incisive experts on 14th- and 15th-century art to have studied under Erwin Panofsky. Born a Christian of Jewish descent, she resisted state intimidation to leave Germany, only moving to the United States in 1941. She began her new life as a jewelry designer, before establishing a career as an art historian and writer, and taking professorship at a number of universities, including New York University and Queens College, Flushing. During her long career, Brand wrote highly reg...
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Edward J. Sparling
1896 - 1981 (85 years)
Edward J. Sparling was an educator who was the founder of Roosevelt University in Chicago, Illinois. Edward Sparling was born in Panoche, California in 1896. Sparling received a B.A. from Stanford University and his Master's and Ph.D. from Columbia University where he lived in the International House of New York. During World War I, Sparling served in the U.S. Army as a flying instructor. In 1936 to 1945 Sparling became president of Central YMCA College in Chicago and served there until 1945 when he incorporated Roosevelt College, which would admit students regardless of race or religion. The college became a university in 1954 and Sparling stepped down as president in 1963.
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Walter-Herwig Schuchhardt
1900 - 1976 (76 years)
Walter-Herwig Schuchhardt was a German classical archaeologist and art historian born in Hanover. He specialized in ancient Greek art, particularly sculpture and art from the "Parthenon era" . He was the son of archaeologist Carl Schuchhardt .
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Richard Krautheimer
1897 - 1994 (97 years)
Richard Krautheimer was a German art historian, architectural historian, Baroque scholar, and Byzantinist. Biography Krautheimer was born in Germany in 1897, the son of Nathan Krautheimer and Martha Landmann . Krautheimer's cousin, Ernst Kitzinger, would also become a prominent Byzantinist. Krautheimer fought in the First World War as an enlisted soldier in the German army . Between 1919 and 1923, he initially studied law at, successively, universities in Munich, Berlin, and Marburg under faculty who included Heinrich Wölfflin, Adolf Goldschmidt and Werner Weisbach. During these years, he briefly worked on the state inventory of Churches for Erfurt .
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Ernest Ewart Unwin
1881 - 1944 (63 years)
Ernest Ewart Unwin was an Australian Quaker educationist. Born in England, he held a variety of positions in several Quaker schools before lecturing at the University of Leeds, his alma mater. A conscientious objector during World War I, he emigrated to Australia in 1923 to headmaster a school in Hobart. After enlisting the financial assistance of Quaker organisations in the area, Unwin oversaw great expansion of the Tasmanian education system, creating and serving on several Boards of Education at local and state level for both community schools and the University of Tasmania.
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Wilhelm Kubitschek
1858 - 1936 (78 years)
Wilhelm Kubitschek was an Austrian classical historian, epigrapher and numismatist. From 1875 he studied history, epigraphy and archaeology at the University of Vienna, where his teachers included Otto Hirschfeld and Otto Benndorf. Afterwards, he furthered his education in Berlin as a student of Theodor Mommsen. From 1881 he taught classes at gymnasiums in Hollabrunn and Vienna, and in 1887 qualified as a university lecturer in ancient history. In 1896 he became an associate professor at the University of Graz, and during the following year, returned to Vienna as curator of the Imperial Coin Collection at the Kunsthistorisches Museum.
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