The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
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List of the most influential people in History,
#6851
Washington Irving
1783 - 1859 (76 years)
Washington Irving was an American short-story writer, essayist, biographer, historian, and diplomat of the early 19th century. He wrote the short stories "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" , both of which appear in his collection The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. His historical works include biographies of Oliver Goldsmith, Muhammad, and George Washington, as well as several histories of 15th-century Spain that deal with subjects such as the Alhambra, Christopher Columbus, and the Moors. Irving served as American ambassador to Spain in the 1840s.
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Adolphus Ward
1837 - 1924 (87 years)
Sir Adolphus William Ward was an English historian and man of letters. Life Ward was born at Hampstead, London, the son of John Ward. He was educated in Germany and at Peterhouse, Cambridge. In 1866, Ward was appointed professor of history and English literature in Owens College, Manchester, and was principal from 1890 to 1897, when he retired. He took an active part in the foundation of Victoria University, of which he was vice-chancellor from 1886 to 1890 and from 1894 to 1896, and he was a founder of Withington Girls' School in 1890. He was a Member of the Chetham Society, serving as a me...
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Erich Keyser
1893 - 1968 (75 years)
Erich Keyser was a Nazi activist and far-right nationalist historian connected with the anti-Polish ideology of Ostforschung and the racist Volkisch movement. He supported German expansion in Central and Eastern Europe and was involved with the planning of ethnic cleansing by the Third Reich during the Second World War. After 1945 he exploited the Cold War to promote the interests of German nationalism and chauvinism in his historical writing.
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Dušan J. Popović
1894 - 1985 (91 years)
Dušan J. Popović was a Serbian historian, a professor at the University of Belgrade. His works largely dealt with Serbs living in the 18th century outside of what latter would become known as the Serbia proper.
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Wallace Notestein
1878 - 1969 (91 years)
Wallace Notestein was an American historian and Sterling Professor of English History at Yale University from 1928 to 1947. He was married to women's educational pioneer Ada Comstock. He was a member of the American Commission to Negotiate Peace in Europe after World War I.
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Christian August Volquardsen
1840 - 1917 (77 years)
Christian August Volquardsen was a German classical historian. He studied history at the University of Kiel, and from 1864 to 1868 taught classes at the gymnasium in his hometown of Hadersleben. Afterwards, he worked as a schoolteacher in Potsdam, then in 1873 was named a professor of ancient history at the University of Kiel. In 1879 he relocated to the University of Göttingen, and in 1897 returned as a professor to Kiel. In 1909 he received the title of Geheimer Regierungsrat .
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Robert Sewell
1845 - 1925 (80 years)
Robert Sewell worked in the civil service of the Madras Presidency during the period of colonial rule in India. He was Keeper of the Madras Record Office and was tasked with responsibility for documenting ancient inscriptions and remains in the region, As with other British administrators of his type at that period, his purpose was not scholarly but rather to bolster administrative control by constructing a history that placed British rule as a virtue and a necessity rather than something to be denigrated. Portrayal of historic factionalism among local figureheads and dominion by alien despot...
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Charles W. Ramsdell
1877 - 1942 (65 years)
Charles William Ramsdell was an American historian. Early life Charles William Ramsdell was born on April 4, 1877, in Salado, Texas. His father, Charles H. Ramsdell, arrived in Texas from New England just before the Civil War. He enlisted as a private for the Confederate States of America. Charles H. worked as a merchant and as a cotton farmer. His mother was Fredonia Ramsdell, who bore four sons and two daughters.
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Henri-Raymond Casgrain
1831 - 1904 (73 years)
Henri-Raymond Casgrain was a French Canadian Roman Catholic priest, author, publisher, and professor of history. Life Born in Rivière-Ouelle, Lower Canada, the son Charles-Eusèbe Casgrain and Eliza Anne Baby, Casgrain studied at College of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière. In 1852, he enrolled in the Montreal School of Medicine and Surgery, but became a priest in 1856. He started teaching at the College of Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pocatière until he was forced to give up teaching because of ill health. In 1859, he was appointed curate of the parish of La Nativité-de-Notre-Dame at Beauport and was free to...
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John Mullan
1830 - 1909 (79 years)
John Mullan Jr. was an American soldier, explorer, civil servant, and road builder. After graduating from the United States Military Academy in 1852, he joined the Northern Pacific Railroad Survey, led by Isaac Stevens. He extensively explored western Montana and portions of southeastern Idaho, discovered Mullan Pass, participated in the Coeur d'Alene War, and led the construction crew which built the Mullan Road in Montana, Idaho, and Washington state between the spring of 1859 and summer of 1860.
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Wilhelm Schubart
1873 - 1960 (87 years)
Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig Schubart was a German ancient historian. He was leading authority in the field of papyrology. Shubart was born on 21 October 1873 in Liegnitz, then part of the German Empire. He studied classical philology and philosophy at the Universities of Tübingen, Halle, Berlin and Breslau, earning his PhD at the latter institution in 1897. In 1900 he obtained his habilitation in ancient history at Berlin, becoming an associate professor in 1912. From 1931 to 1937 he was an honorary professor in Berlin, later serving as a professor of ancient history at the University of Leipzig...
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Jan ten Brink
1834 - 1901 (67 years)
Jan ten Brink was a Dutch writer. He was born in Appingedam, Netherlands. He studied in Leiden, went to Batavia for a few years, and in 1862 he became a teacher at a secondary school in The Hague. In 1884 he became professor in Dutch literature at the Leiden University. Ten Brink was a conservative writer. Conrad Busken Huet and, especially, the 'movement of 80', writers and poets who were far more progressive than Ten Brink, attacked him on several occasions in literary magazines such as De Gids and De Nieuwe Gids. He died, aged 67, in Leiden.
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Arnolds Spekke
1887 - 1972 (85 years)
Arnolds Spekke received a doctorate in philology from the University of Latvia in 1927. In 1932 he received a Rockefeller Foundation scholarship and went studying in Poland and Italy. From 1933 to 1939 he was the Latvian envoy to Italy, Greece, Bulgaria and Albania with permanent residence in Rome, Italy.
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Walter Raleigh
1861 - 1922 (61 years)
Sir Walter Alexander Raleigh was an English scholar, poet, and author. Raleigh was also a Cambridge Apostle. Biography Walter Alexander Raleigh was born in London, the fifth child and only son of a local Congregationalist minister. Raleigh was educated at the City of London School, Edinburgh Academy, University College London, and King's College, Cambridge.
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Émile Cartailhac
1845 - 1921 (76 years)
Émile Cartailhac was a French prehistorian, sometimes regarded as one of the founding fathers of the studies of the cave art. Cartailhac is perhaps best remembered because of his involvement with the Altamira paintings, which he originally dismissed as a forgery on the specious grounds that primitive men had no capacity for abstract thought. This ruined the reputation of Altamira's discoverer, Marcelino Sanz de Sautuola, which Cartailhac feebly attempted to restore 14 years after the former's death, once mounting evidence had made the prehistoric authorship of the cave art undeniable.
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Friedrich Ueberweg
1826 - 1871 (45 years)
Friedrich Ueberweg , was a German philosopher and historian of philosophy. Biography Friedrich Ueberweg was born in Leichlingen, Rhineland. His parents were Johann Gottlob Friedrich Ueberweg , who was pastor of a Lutheran church in Leichlingen, and Helene Boeddinghaus . Helene was a daughter of Karl Theodor Boeddinghaus , who was a Lutheran pastor in the neighboring town of Ronsdorf.
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Karl Brandi
1868 - 1946 (78 years)
Karl Maria Prosper Laurenz Brandi was a German historian. In 1890–91, he wrote his dissertation on the Reichenauer documents: Die Reichenauer Urkundenfälschungen, which served as Volume 1 of Quellen und Forschungen zur Geschichte der Abtei Reichenau. He followed his teacher to Berlin in 1891–95. The Munich Historical Commission directed him to complete the posthumous works on August von Druffel's contributions to imperial history and the Council of Trent, Monumenta Tridentina. In 1895 he completed his own habilitation in Göttingen. From 1902 until his retirement in 1936, and again, from the o...
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Dafydd ap Llywelyn
1215 - 1246 (31 years)
Dafydd ap Llywelyn was Prince of Gwynedd from 1240 to 1246. Birth and descent Though birth years of 1208, 1206, and 1215 have been put forward for Dafydd, it has recently been persuasively argued that he was born shortly after Easter 1212. Born at Castell Hen Blas, Coleshill, Bagillt in Flintshire, he was the only son of Llywelyn the Great by his wife, Joan . His grandfather was facing trouble in England against his Barons when he was born. In his final years, Llywelyn went to great lengths to have Dafydd accepted as his sole heir. By Welsh law, Dafydd's older half-brother Gruffydd had a claim to be Llywelyn's successor.
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Henry Beeke
1751 - 1837 (86 years)
Henry Beeke was an English historian, theologian, writer on taxation and finance, and botanist. He is credited with helping to introduce the world's first modern income tax. Career Beeke was elected a scholar of Corpus Christi, Oxford in May 1769. He gained a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1773, a Master of Arts degree in 1776, a Bachelor of Divinity in 1785, and a Doctorate in Divinity in 1800. In 1775 Beeke became a fellow of Oriel College and was Junior Proctor of the university in 1784. Beeke was Regius Professor of Modern History between 1801 and 1813.
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Johann Wilhelm Löbell
1786 - 1863 (77 years)
Johann Wilhelm Löbell was a German historian. Biography Löbell was a native of Berlin. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Berlin under Wolf and Böckh. He had entered the scholarly life against the wishes of his mother who wanted him to go into business. During the War of the Sixth Coalition , he served as a volunteer in a Landwehr installation. He was not on the frontlines but worked in a supporting office.
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Christian Daniel Beck
1757 - 1832 (75 years)
Christian Daniel Beck was a German philologist, historian, theologian and antiquarian, one of the most learned men of his time. Biography Beck was born at Leipzig and studied at Leipzig University, where in 1785 he was appointed professor of Greek and Latin literature. This post he resigned in 1819 in order to take up the professorship of history, but resumed it in 1825. In 1819, he also became editor of the Allgemeines Reportorium der neuesten in- und ausländischen Litteratur . He also had the management of the university library, was director of the institute for the deaf and dumb, and fill...
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Franz Mone
1796 - 1871 (75 years)
Franz Mone was a historian and archaeologist. He attended the gymnasium at Bruchsal and in 1814 entered Heidelberg University, where in 1817 he was appointed a lecturer in history, in 1818 a secretary at the university library, in 1819 an associate professor, in 1822 a full professor, and in 1825 head of the university library. From 1827 to 1831 he was a professor at the Catholic University of Leuven. On his return to Baden, he edited for a period the Karlsruher Zeitung; in 1835 he became archivist and director of the General National Archives in Karlsruhe, and retired in 1868.
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George Burton Adams
1851 - 1925 (74 years)
George Burton Adams was an American medievalist historian who taught at Yale University from 1888 to 1925. He was noted for his written works as well as his 1908 address as president of the American Historical Association, which lamented the encroachment of the social sciences on the field of history, a position later challenged by James Harvey Robinson. He also played a key role in the establishment of the American Historical Review. Adams was elected a member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1899, and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1918.
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Johannes Kromayer
1859 - 1934 (75 years)
Johannes Kromayer was a German classical historian. He was an older brother of dermatologist Ernst Kromayer . He studied classical philology and ancient history at the universities of Jena and Strasbourg, then afterwards worked as a schoolteacher in Thann , Metz and Strasbourg . In 1898 he obtained his habilitation for ancient history, and in 1902 became an associate professor at the University of Czernowitz . From 1913 to 1927 he was a professor of ancient history at the University of Leipzig.
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Stanisław Kozierowski
1874 - 1949 (75 years)
Stanisław Kozierowski was a Polish Catholic priest and historian. Biography Kozierowski was born in Tremessen . He was a Catholic priest, professor and co-founder of the University of Poznan in 1919, also a member of the Polish Academy of Learning .
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Louis Petit de Julleville
1841 - 1900 (59 years)
Louis Petit de Julleville was a French scholar. Life Born in Paris, Petit de Julleville was educated at the École Normale Supérieure and the French School at Athens. He received his doctorate in literature in 1868. After holding various posts as a teacher, he became a professor of French medieval literature and of the history of the French language at the University of Paris in 1886.
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Hermann von Grauert
1850 - 1924 (74 years)
Hermann Heinrich Grauert since 1914 Knight of Grauert, was a German historian. He was born in Pritzwalk and died in Munich. Life After attending the Realschule in Wittstock, Grauert initially worked in his father's manufactured goods shop. In 1872 he went to Münster where in 1873 he sat exams in Latin, Greek and history, in order to obtain a qualification equivalent to the Abitur, to enable him to attend university. From 1873 to 1876 he studied history at the University of Göttingen and received his PhD under Georg Waitz. Grauert then extended his historical and legal knowledge at the univers...
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Hans Prutz
1843 - 1929 (86 years)
Hans Prutz was a German historian. Son of Robert Eduard Prutz , the essayist and historian, Hans was born at Jena, Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and was educated at the universities of Jena and Berlin. In 1865 appeared his monograph on Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, which was followed by three volumes on the emperor Frederick Barbarossa . Meanwhile from 1863 to 1873 he was teaching in secondary schools. In 1874 he received a government commission to undertake explorations in Syria, particularly at Tyre, and as a result be published in 1876 Aus Phönicien, a collection of historical and geographical sketches.
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K. Jack Bauer
1926 - 1987 (61 years)
Karl Jack Bauer , was one of the founders of the North American Society for Oceanic History and a well-known naval historian. NASOH's K. Jack Bauer Award is named in his memory. Early life and education The son of Charles August Bauer, an engineer, and Isabelle Fairbanks, Jack Bauer attended Harvard College, where he completed his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1948. He went on to graduate study at Indiana University, where he earned his Master of Arts in 1949 with a thesis on "United States naval shipbuilding programs, 1775-1860" and his Ph.D. degree in 1953 with a dissertation on "United State...
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Paul Murray Kendall
1911 - 1973 (62 years)
Paul Murray Kendall was an American academic and historian, who taught for over 30 years at Ohio University and then, after his retirement, at the University of Kansas. Biography Kendall was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Frankford High School in 1928. He studied at the University of Virginia, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1932, and master's in 1933. In 1937, while studying for a Ph.D, he became an instructor in English at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. He obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Virginia in 1939, and continued as professor at Ohio University, and w...
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Guibert of Nogent
1055 - 1124 (69 years)
Guibert de Nogent was a Benedictine historian, theologian, and author of autobiographical memoirs. Guibert was relatively unknown in his own time, going virtually unmentioned by his contemporaries. He has only recently caught the attention of scholars who have been more interested in his extensive autobiographical memoirs and personality which provide insight into medieval life.
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Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie
1774 - 1857 (83 years)
Jean François Boissonade de Fontarabie was a French classical scholar. Life He was born in Paris. In 1792 he entered the public service during the administration of General Dumouriez. Driven out in 1795, he was restored by Lucien Bonaparte, during whose time of office he served as secretary to the prefecture of the Upper Marne. He then resigned public employment permanently, in order to devote his time to the study of Greek. In 1809 he was appointed deputy professor of Greek at the faculty of letters at Paris, and titular professor in 1813 on the death of Pierre Henri Larcher. In 1828 he succeeded Jean-Baptiste Gail in the chair of Greek at the Collège de France.
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Carl Richard Unger
1817 - 1897 (80 years)
Carl Richard Unger was a Norwegian historian and philologist. Unger was professor of Germanic and Romance philology at the University of Christiania from 1862 and was a prolific editor of Old Norse texts.
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Harinath De
1877 - 1911 (34 years)
Harinath De was an Indian historian, scholar and a polyglot, who later became the first Indian librarian of the National Library of India from 1907 to 1911. In a life span of thirty four years, he learned 34 languages.
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Francis Bull
1887 - 1974 (87 years)
Francis Bull was a Norwegian literary historian, professor at the University of Oslo for more than thirty years, essayist and speaker, and magazine editor. Early and personal life Bull was born in Kristiania, son of medical doctor Edvard Isak Hambro Bull and Ida Marie Sofie Paludan . He was brother to theatre director Johan Peter Bull, historian and politician Edvard Bull and genealogist Theodor Bull. Through Edvard Bull he was the uncle of historian Edvard Bull. He was also nephew to military officer Karl Sigwald Johannes Bull, grandnephew to Anders Sandøe Ørsted Bull, great-grandson to Geo...
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John Veitch
1829 - 1894 (65 years)
John Veitch , Scottish philosopher, poet and historian. He was born in Peebles, the only son of Peninsular War veteran James Veitch and his wife Nancy Ritchie, a woman steeped in the folk traditions of the Borders. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh.
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Vasily Dmitriyevich Smirnov
1846 - 1922 (76 years)
Vasily Dmitriyevich Smirnov was a Russian orientalist, specializing in the history and literature of the Ottoman Empire.
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Nicolae Cartojan
1883 - 1944 (61 years)
Nicolae Cartojan was a Romanian literary historian. Born in Uzunu, Giurgiu County, his parents were Anghel Cartojan and Maria . He graduated from Bucharest's Saint Sava National College in 1902. He then enrolled in the literature and philosophy faculty of the University of Bucharest, where Ioan Bianu was one of his professors, and graduated in 1906. Early on, he developed an interest in early Romanian literature and in researching the manuscripts of the Romanian Academy Library, where he worked from 1906 to 1912. At the same time, he was a teaching assistant. From 1912 to 1914, Cartojan attended speciality courses at Friedrich Wilhelm University in Berlin.
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Ernst Moritz Arndt
1769 - 1860 (91 years)
Ernst Moritz Arndt was a German nationalist historian, writer and poet. Early in his life, he fought for the abolition of serfdom, later against Napoleonic dominance over Germany. Arndt had to flee to Sweden for some time due to his anti-French positions. He is one of the main founders of German nationalism during the Napoleonic wars and the 19th century movement for German unification. After the Carlsbad Decrees, the forces of the restoration counted him as a demagogue.
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Peter Erasmus Müller
1776 - 1834 (58 years)
Peter Erasmus Müller , was a Danish historian, linguist, theologian, and bishop of the Diocese of Zealand from 1830 until his death. Career Müller studied at the University of Copenhagen, where he passed his theological examination in 1791. After spending some time at various German universities, he visited France and England. Returning to Denmark, he wrote numerous works and was appointed professor of theology at the University of Copenhagen in 1801. During his time as a professor, he produced a large number of essays and books about theology, history, and linguistics. As a result of the fame...
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Ludvig Ludvigsen Daae
1834 - 1910 (76 years)
Ludvig Ludvigsen Daae was a Norwegian historian and author. He was a professor at the University of Oslo for more than thirty years. Biography He was born in Aremark in Østfold and died in Kristiania , Norway. He was the son of Ludvig Daae and Sara Jessine Louise Brock . He was a student at Christiania Cathedral School and graduated during 1852. He studied classical philology at the University of Kristiania and graduated in 1859.
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Herman Theodoor Colenbrander
1871 - 1945 (74 years)
Herman Theodoor Colenbrander was a Dutch historian, the first director of the Commissie van Advies voor 's Rijks Geschiedkundige Publicatiën, which has become the Institute of Dutch History. In 1908 he became member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.
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Charles Herbert Levermore
1856 - 1927 (71 years)
Charles Herbert Levermore was an American academic and peace activist. He was a founder and the first president of Adelphi University from 1896 to 1912. He won the American Peace Award in 1924. He was corresponding secretary of the World's Court League in 1919, secretary of the League of Nations Union, and secretary of the New York Peace Society. He was a founding member of the Union League in New York City.
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Gene Weltfish
1902 - 1980 (78 years)
Gene Weltfish was an American anthropologist and historian working at Columbia University from 1928 to 1953. She had studied with Franz Boas and was a specialist in the culture and history of the Pawnee people of the Midwest Plains. Her 1965 ethnography, The Lost Universe: Pawnee Life and Culture, is considered the authoritative work on Pawnee culture to this day.
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Henry Bamford Parkes
1904 - 1972 (68 years)
Henry Bamford Parkes was a writer and professor of history at New York University. He was born in Sheffield, England. Background After reading history at Oxford University, Parkes came to the United States to pursue his graduate studies at the University of Michigan. He received his Ph.D. from Michigan in 1929 and joined the history faculty of New York University in 1930. He had also lectured at Barnard College, the University of Wyoming, the New School for Social Research and the University of Washington. From 1956 to 1957, Parkes was a Fulbright Fellow, working at the University of Athens i...
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Gustav Mayer
1871 - 1948 (77 years)
Gustav Mayer was a German journalist and historian with a particular focus on the Labour movement. He fled Nazi Germany in 1933 and lived the final years of his life in England. Life Gustav Mayer was born into a long-established Jewish mercantile family in Prenzlau, a small town in central northern Germany. The family had settled in Prentzlau in 1677, having previously lived in Oderberg. His upbringing combined traditional Jewish values and beliefs with a keen appreciation of German intellectual developments more generally. While growing up he acquired a deep knowledge of the German classics which would underpin his subsequent work.
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Sargis Kakabadze
1886 - 1967 (81 years)
Sargis N. Kakabadze was a Georgian historian and philologist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor. He was born in 1886, in a small village Kukhi . In 1910 he graduated from the Faculty of Oriental Languages of the St.Petersburg University . In 1911-1918 he was a teacher of History of the Georgian Gymnasium of Tbilisi, in 1919-1967 Professor of the Tbilisi State University , in 1921-1926 Director of the State Historical Archive of Georgia, in 1945-1961 head of the Department of the Old Acts of this Archive.
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Yi Pyong-do
1896 - 1989 (93 years)
Yi Pyong-do was a Korean historian. Biography He started working in Korean History Compilation Committee in 1927. In 1934 he founded Jindan Institute. From 1945 to 1962 he was Professor of Seoul Nation University. From 1955 to 1982 he was Committee of Korean Nation History Editor. In April 1960, he became the Minister of Education, but later resigned in August of that year.
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William Miller
1864 - 1945 (81 years)
William Miller, FBA was a British-born medievalist and journalist. Biography The son of a Cumberland mine owner, Miller was educated at Rugby School and Oxford, where he gained a double first, and was called to the bar in 1889, but never practised law. He married Ada Mary Wright in 1895, and in 1896 published The Balkans, followed in 1898 by Travels and Politics in the Near East.
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Martti Haavio
1899 - 1973 (74 years)
Martti Henrikki Haavio was a Finnish poet, folklorist and mythologist, writing poetry under the pen name P. Mustapää. He was born on 22 January 1899 in Temmes, and died on 4 February 1973 in Helsinki. He was also a professor of folklore and an influential researcher of Finnish mythology. In 1960, Haavio married Aale Tynni, after his first wife Elsa Enäjärvi-Haavio died in 1951 of cancer. His daughter, Elina Haavio-Mannila, is a social scientist. During Haavio's early career, he was a member of the Tulenkantajat literature club.
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