The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
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List of the most influential people in History,
#6901
Mary Sheldon Barnes
1850 - 1898 (48 years)
Mary Downing Sheldon Barnes was an American educator and historian. Her teaching style and publications were considered ahead of their time. She used a method that encouraged students to develop their own research skills utilizing primary sources and their own problem solving skills. Sheldon was teacher of and major influence on author and socialist Anna Strunsky.
Go to Profile#6902
Jacob Caro
1835 - 1904 (69 years)
Jacob Caro was a German historian. Caro was born in Gnesen , Grand Duchy of Posen, the son of Joseph Chayyim Caro. After several years of study at the universities of Berlin and Leipzig, he attracted considerable attention by his work Das Interregnum Polens im Jahr 1586, oder die Häuser Zborowski und Zamojski and was immediately entrusted with the continuation of Röppel's history of Poland in the series of Geschichten der Europäischen Staaten, edited by Arnold Hermann Ludwig Heeren and Friedrich August Ukert, and published at Gotha. Caro contributed volumes ii through v of this monumental w...
Go to Profile#6903
Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi
833 - 899 (66 years)
Ahmad ibn al-Tayyib al-Sarakhsi was a Persian traveler, historian and philosopher from the city of Sarakhs. He was a pupil of al-Kindi. Al-Sarakhsi was killed by Caliph al-Mu'tadid because, according to an anecdote preserved in Yaqut al-Hamawi's Mu'jam al-Udaba, he had urged the caliph towards apostasy. Al-Biruni reports in his Chronology that al-Sarakhsi had written books in which he denounced prophecy and ridiculed the prophets, whom he styled charlatans. However, Rosenthal has disputed the historicity of the stories that claim al-Sarakhsi was executed for heretical beliefs.
Go to Profile#6904
Sneferu
2700 BC - 2609 BC (91 years)
Sneferu , well known under his Hellenized name Soris , was the founding pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt during the Old Kingdom. Estimates of his reign vary, with for instance The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt suggesting a reign from around 2613 to 2589 BC, a reign of 24 years, while Rolf Krauss suggests a 30-year reign, and Rainer Stadelmann a 48-year reign. He built at least three pyramids that survive to this day and introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids.
Go to Profile#6905
Lajos Blau
1861 - 1936 (75 years)
Lajos Blau was a Jewish–Hungarian scholar of philosophy and Oriental studies, professor of Jewish studies, and publicist born at Putnok, in the Kingdom of Hungary. Biography Blau was educated at three different yeshivot in the Kingdom of Hungary, among them that of Presburg. In 1880–1888, he was a student at the Rabbinical Seminary of Budapest . At the same time, he studied philosophy and Oriental studies at the University of Budapest, where he earned a Ph.D. degree cum laude in 1887, and the diploma at the Rabbinical Seminary in 1888.
Go to Profile#6906
Randolph Greenfield Adams
1892 - 1951 (59 years)
Randolph Greenfield Adams was an American librarian and historian, director of the William L. Clements Library at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Michigan, for 28 years. Background Adams was born in Philadelphia to John Stokes Adams, a lawyer and writer, and Heloise Zelina Root Adams. Adams later wrote "My father was the son of a Kentucky judge who married a Philadelphia Quaker; my mother was the daughter of a Connecticut Puritan who married a girl who was mostly French. "
Go to Profile#6907
Esther Clark Wright
1895 - 1990 (95 years)
Esther Isabelle Clark Wright, was a notable Atlantic Canadian historian who at the end of her life received the Order of Canada for her lifetime contributions to Canadian scholarship. She published many works in relation to her historic and genealogical research and was best known for her pioneer and genealogy studies of Nova Scotia & New Brunswick, Canada.
Go to Profile#6908
Kurt Vogel
1888 - 1985 (97 years)
Kurt Vogel was a German historian of mathematics. Life and Work Vogel was born in Altdorf bei Nürnberg and attended school in Ansbach. From 1907 to 1911, he studied mathematics and physics with Max Noether, Paul Gordan, and Erhard Schmidt in Erlangen, and with Felix Klein, David Hilbert, and Otto Toeplitz in Göttingen. He passed his examination to become a schoolteacher in 1911, then served as an army officer from 1913 to 1920 before taking a teaching post in Munich.
Go to Profile#6909
Auguste Himly
1823 - 1906 (83 years)
Auguste Louis Himly was a French historian and geographer. After studying in his native town and taking the university course in Berlin , Himly went to Paris and passed first in the examination for fellowship of the lycées , first in the examinations on leaving the École des Chartes, and first in the examination for fellowship of the faculties . In 1849 he took the degree of doctor of letters with two theses, one of which, Wala et Louis le Débonnaire , placed him in the front rank of French scholars in the province of Carolingian history.
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Conrad Henry Moehlman
1879 - 1961 (82 years)
Conrad Henry Moehlman was an American professor of church history at Colgate Rochester Divinity School, where he was emeritus professor. A Baptist and known as theologically liberal, he was a strong proponent of the separation of church and state and wrote a number of books on religion and education, church history, and Christianity.
Go to Profile#6911
Dmitry Petrushevsky
1863 - 1942 (79 years)
Dmitry Moiseevich Petrushevsky was a Russian and Soviet historian, medievalist, Academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences . His father was a priest in the village. He graduated from the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv in 1886.
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Engelbert Mühlbacher
1843 - 1903 (60 years)
Engelbert Mühlbacher was an Austrian historian. Born in Gresten, he received his classical education in Linz, Upper Austria being his family's home region. In 1862 he became a novice among the Austin Canons in Sankt Florian. After completing his theological studies there, he was ordained priest in 1867. As Alfred Ritter von Arneth relates in his memoirs, historical studies had been successfully cultivated at St. Florian's since Provost Arneth's time, and Mühlbacher was soon active in this domain. Among his writings are articles on St. Florian's Gerhoh von Reichersberg, and the literary productions of St.
Go to Profile#6913
Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer
1833 - 1901 (68 years)
Bernhard Erdmannsdörffer was a German historian. He was the father of mineralogist Otto Erdmannsdörffer. From 1852 he studied classical philology and history at the University of Jena, subsequently receiving his doctorate under the sponsorship of Johann Gustav Droysen. After conducting research in Italy, he relocated to Berlin in 1861 and collaborated with Droysen and Maximilian Wolfgang Duncker on a massive work involving Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, "Urkunden und Actenstücke zur Geschichte des Kurfürsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg", a project that ultimately grew to 23 ...
Go to Profile#6914
Manuk Abeghyan
1865 - 1944 (79 years)
Manuk Khachaturi Abeghyan was an Armenian philologist, literary scholar, folklorist, lexicographer and linguist. He authored numerous scholarly works, including a comprehensive two-volume history of old Armenian literature titled , and a volume on Armenian folklore, the German version of which is titled . He worked extensively on the compilation and study of the Armenian national epic Daredevils of Sassoun. He is also remembered as the main designer of the reformed Armenian orthography used in Armenia to this day. He was one of the first professors of Yerevan State University and was a founding member of the Armenian National Academy of Sciences.
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Charles Firth
1857 - 1936 (79 years)
Sir Charles Harding Firth was a British historian. He was one of the founders of the Historical Association in 1906. Esmond de Beer wrote that Firth "knew the men and women of the seventeenth century much as a man knows his friends and acquaintances, not only as characters but also in the whole moral and intellectual world in which they lived."
Go to Profile#6916
James Ware
1594 - 1666 (72 years)
Sir James Ware was an Anglo-Irish historian. Personal details Born at Castle Street, Dublin on 26 November 1594, James Ware was the eldest son of Sir James Ware and Mary Bryden, daughter of Ambrose Bryden of Bury St. Edmunds. Originally from Yorkshire, his father came to Ireland in 1588 as secretary to the Lord Deputy of Ireland, Sir William FitzWilliam, was knighted by James I, elected to the Irish House of Commons for Mallow in 1613, and served as auditor of Trinity College Dublin He also had a younger brother Joseph, Dean of Elphin from 1642 to 1648, while his sister Martha married Sir Wi...
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Mark Wischnitzer
1882 - 1955 (73 years)
Mark Wischnitzer was a scholar of Jewish history. Biography Mark Wischnitzer was born on May 10, 1882, in Rovno, Russia. He studied at the University of Vienna and University of Berlin, and he received his doctorate in 1906. Wischnitzer served as editor of the history section of the Russian-language Jewish Encyclopedia from 1908 to 1913, and later as the editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica published in Berlin. He moved to Berlin, Germany, in 1921. There he served as Secretary General of the Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden until his immigration to France in 1938. In Paris from 1938 to 1940, he was a research associate of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee.
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Edvard Bull Jr.
1914 - 1986 (72 years)
Edvard Bull , Edvard Bull d.y. or Edvard Bull Jr. was a Norwegian professor and historian. Biography He was born in Kristiania as the son of professor and politician Edvard Bull, Sr. and Lucie Juliane Antonette Voss 1886–1970AUF
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Robert Thomas Jenkins
1881 - 1969 (88 years)
Robert Thomas Jenkins CBE was a Welsh historian and academic. Life Jenkins was born on 31 August 1881 in Liverpool. He moved with his family to Bangor, Gwynedd, when his father was appointed clerk to the registrar of the newly established University College of North Wales. However, both of his parents had died by 1888 and he was then brought up by his maternal grandparents in Bala, Gwynedd. He was baptised by Thomas Charles Edwards and studied at Bala Grammar School before winning a scholarship to the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth, obtaining a first-class degree in English in 1901.
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Ivan Snegarov
1883 - 1971 (88 years)
Ivan Yonchev Snegarov was a Bulgarian historian and archivist. Biography Snegrov was born on October 12, 1883, in the city of Ohrid, then in the Ottoman Empire, today in North Macedonia. He studied in Ohrid, and later at the Constantinople Theological Seminary . Then he was a clerk in the Bulgarian Exarchate in Constantinople . In 1908-1912 he studied at the Kiev Theological Academy. In 1913-1926 he was a Bulgarian teacher at the Constantinople Seminary and in the Sofia Seminary. Snegarov became a full-time associate professor at the Faculty of Theology at the Sofia University , full professor , corresponding member of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , academician .
Go to Profile#6921
Niels Nikolaus Falck
1784 - 1850 (66 years)
Niels Nikolaus Falck was a Danish jurist and historian. Biography He was born at Emmerlef in the Duchy of Schleswig. He was educated at the University of Kiel and became a theological candidate in 1808, graduating dr. phil. in 1809. From 1813 he was appointed professor juris in Kiel. In 1814, he became professor of law at the University of Kiel, and in 1838 he was appointed president of the Schleswig-Holstein Assembly of the States.
Go to Profile#6922
Alexander Bugge
1870 - 1929 (59 years)
Alexander Bugge was a Norwegian historian. He was professor at the Royal Frederick University from 1903–1912, and his main fields of interest were culture and society in the Viking era and the development of trade and cities in Norway during the Middle Ages.
Go to Profile#6923
Ruth Anna Fisher
1886 - 1975 (89 years)
Ruth Anna Fisher was an American historian, archivist, and teacher who played a major role in collecting sources from British archives for the Carnegie Institution and Library of Congress. Early life Fisher was born in Lorain, Ohio, the daughter of David C. Fisher, a real estate investor and ice merchant, and Elizabeth Dorsey. She graduated from Oberlin College in 1906 and was offered a position at the Tuskegee Institute. Within a few months, however, she had a falling out with Booker T. Washington over matters of pedagogy and the school's requirement that she be involved in the Sunday School...
Go to Profile#6924
Johann Ludwig Choulant
1791 - 1861 (70 years)
Johann Ludwig Choulant was a German physician from the Kingdom of Saxony who was a professor of Medicine at Dresden medical historian and contributed to the study of the history of medicine. He was the father of architect Ludwig Theodor Choulant . He trained initially in pharmacy before shifting to medicine. A student of classical languages, he examined old works on medicine and produced an influential history of medical illustration which was translated into English by Mortimer Frank and others in 1920.
Go to Profile#6925
Karl Faber
1773 - 1853 (80 years)
Karl Peter Andreas Faber was a Prussian archivist and historian. A native of Königsberg, East Prussia, Faber became chief archivist of the Prussian State Archive in 1808 after attending the University of Königsberg. Faber and Ernst Hennig were the first of Königsberg's archivists to approach the subject in a scientific manner. Faber made public letters from Martin Luther to Albert, Duke of Prussia in 1811. Works by Faber include his Taschenbuch für Königsberg in 1829 and Die Haupt- und Residenzstadt Königsberg in 1841. He also briefly produced a newspaper, Königsberger Abendzeitung, in 1831 and received an honorary doctorate from the philosophy faculty in 1837.
Go to Profile#6926
Jean van der Poel
1904 - 1986 (82 years)
Jean van der Poel was a South African historian. Education Van der Poel was born in Cape Town, Cape Colony. She studied at the University of Cape Town , completing her doctorate, on railways and customs policies, at the London School of Economics, for which she was awarded magnum cum laude and which won her the Royal Empire Society prize. Her doctorate studies were financed by the Donald Currie Memorial scholarship.
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Emory Holloway
1885 - 1977 (92 years)
Rufus Emory Holloway was an American literary scholar-educator most known for his books and studies of Walt Whitman. His Whitman: An Interpretation in Narrative was the first biography of a literary figure to win the Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography in 1927.
Go to Profile#6928
Hsu Dau-lin
1907 - 1973 (66 years)
Hsu Dau-lin was a distinguished legal scholar who made substantial contributions to the study of Tang and Song Law and, especially for new republican states, of Constitutional Law. He devoted his prime years to the service of China as government official and as diplomat, and spent his later years teaching Chinese legal history in Taiwan, and Chinese literature and philosophy in America.
Go to Profile#6929
Ernst Hermann Joseph Münch
1798 - 1841 (43 years)
Ernst Hermann Joseph Münch was a distinguished Roman Catholic historian of Germany. He was born in Rheinfelden on 25 October 1798. He studied at Freiburg, was in 1819 teacher at Aarau, in 1824 professor at Freiburg, in 1828 professor of Church history and canon law at Liege. In 1831 he accepted a call to Stuttgart as librarian to the king, and died on 9 June 1841.
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Michael Doeberl
1861 - 1928 (67 years)
Michael Doeberl was a German historian who specialized in Bavarian history. He studied philology and history at the University of Munich, obtaining his doctorate from the University of Erlangen in 1887. In 1894, he received his habilitation and in 1905 became an honorary professor. From 1917 to 1928, he held the chair of Bavarian history at the University of Munich.
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Horst Bartel
1928 - 1984 (56 years)
Horst Bartel was a German historian and university professor. He was involved in most of the core historiography projects undertaken in the German Democratic Republic . His work on the nineteenth-century German Labour movement places him firmly in the mainstream tradition of Marxist–Leninist historical interpretation.
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Christian Wilhelm Niedner
1797 - 1865 (68 years)
Christian Wilhelm Niedner was a German church historian and theologian born in Oberwinkel, which today is part of the town of Waldenburg, Saxony. He studied theology at the University of Leipzig, where in 1826 he received his habilitation. In 1829 he was appointed associate professor, and in 1838 became a full professor of theology at Leipzig. From 1845 onward, he was head of the Leipzig Historical and Theological Society. In 1850 he resigned his professorship and moved to Wittenberg, where he focused on private studies. In 1859 Niedner was appointed professor of historical theology at Berlin...
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Frank Maloy Anderson
1871 - 1961 (90 years)
Frank Maloy Anderson was an author, historian and professor of history. He was born in Omaha, Nebraska and spent most of his adult life teaching and writing about American and Western European history. He was a prolific writer for The American Historical Review and is noted among American Civil War historians for his book The Diary of a Public Man.
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Ellen H. Johnson
1910 - 1982 (72 years)
Ellen Hulda Johnson was a distinguished art historian and professor of modern art at Oberlin College from 1945 to 1977, an organizer of important exhibitions, and an influential critic of contemporary American art.
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Sergei Bershadski
1850 - 1896 (46 years)
Sergei Aleksandrovich Bershadski was a Russian Empire historian and jurist. Life He graduated from the Gymnasium of Kerch in 1868, and from the University of Odessa in 1872; he lectured at the University of St. Petersburg on the history of the philosophy of jurisprudence, from 1878 to 1883; and was appointed in 1885 assistant professor. At the Lyceum he delivered lectures also on the history of Russian jurisprudence; and at the Military Law School of St. Petersburg, on general jurisprudence. His famous work on the Lithuanian Jews, Litovskie Yevrei, published in 1883, is the first attempt in t...
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James Orr
1844 - 1913 (69 years)
James Orr was a Scottish Presbyterian minister and professor of church history and then theology. He was an influential defender of evangelical doctrine and a contributor to The Fundamentals. Biography Orr was born in Glasgow and spent his childhood in Manchester and Leeds. He was orphaned and became an apprentice bookbinder, but went on to enter Glasgow University in 1865. In 1870, he obtained an M.A. in Philosophy of Mind, and after graduating from the theological college of the United Presbyterian Church, he was ordained a minister in Hawick. In 1885 he received a D.D. from Glasgow Univers...
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Johann Gottfried Hoche
1762 - 1836 (74 years)
Johann Gottfried Hoche was a German Protestant theologian and historian. He was the father of writer Louise Aston . He studied history and theology at the University of Halle, where his instructors included Johann Salomo Semler and Johann August Nösselt. In 1800 he was named second clergyman in the town of Gröningen, near Halberstadt. In 1805 he attained the positions of senior minister and superintendent, and soon afterwards, was appointed to the consistory in Halberstadt. Following the dissolution of Halberstadt consistory in 1816, he was offered a position in Magdeburg, but chose to remain...
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Lazar of Serbia
1329 - 1389 (60 years)
Lazar Hrebeljanović was a medieval Serbian ruler who created the largest and most powerful state on the territory of the disintegrated Serbian Empire. Lazar's state, referred to by historians as Moravian Serbia, comprised the basins of the Great Morava, West Morava, and South Morava rivers. Lazar ruled Moravian Serbia from 1373 until his death in 1389. He sought to resurrect the Serbian Empire and place himself at its helm, claiming to be the direct successor of the Nemanjić dynasty, which went extinct in 1371 after ruling over Serbia for two centuries. Lazar's programme had the full support ...
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António Cordeiro
1641 - 1722 (81 years)
António Cordeiro was a Portuguese Catholic priest in the Society of Jesus, Azorean historian, author of the classical chronicle Historia Insulana, and first to publish a public opinion on the form of governance for the archipelago of the Azores.
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Ludovic Lalanne
1815 - 1898 (83 years)
Ludovic Lalanne was a French historian and librarian. The engineer and politician Léon Lalanne was his brother. Biography Lalanne was a student at the lycée Louis-le-Grand and later at the École des Chartes, where he was graduated archivist paleographer in 1841. He was librarian of the Institut.
Go to Profile#6941
John Capgrave
1393 - 1464 (71 years)
John Capgrave was an English historian, hagiographer and scholastic theologian, remembered chiefly for Nova Legenda Angliae . This was the first comprehensive collection of lives of the English saints.
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Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg
1867 - 1937 (70 years)
Ludwig Schmitz-Kallenberg was a German archivist and historian of Westphalia. He studied history at the University of Freiburg, Münster Academy and Leipzig University, receiving his doctorate in 1891. In 1893 he took a study trip to Rome via a scholarship from the Görres Society, and from 1896 worked as an archivist for the Historical Commission for Westphalia. In 1899 he became a lecturer at Münster, where in 1918 he was named an honorary full professor. From 1921 to 1932 he served as director of the state archives in Münster.
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Claude Jenkins
1877 - 1959 (82 years)
Claude Jenkins was an Anglican clergyman, theologian and historian. Biography He became Canon of Christ Church and Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical Historyat Oxford University in 1934. He was Lambeth Librarian from 1910 until 1952.
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Sima Guang
1019 - 1086 (67 years)
Sima Guang , courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer. He was a high-ranking Song dynasty scholar-official who authored the Zizhi Tongjian, a monumental work of history. Sima was a political conservative, who opposed the reforms of Wang Anshi.
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Christen Collin
1857 - 1926 (69 years)
Christen Christian Dreyer Collin was a Norwegian literary historian. He was born in Trondhjem as a son of Georg Fredrik Collin and Marie Fredrikke Dreyer . When his father died at the age of ten, Christen Collin was raised by his maternal grandfather in Tromsøe. He took the cand.philol. degree at the Royal Frederick University in 1887, and studied abroad while writing for Verdens Gang before returning home and founding the periodical Nyt Tidsskrift.
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James Anderson
1662 - 1728 (66 years)
James Anderson , Scottish antiquary and historian, was born at Edinburgh. His father was Patrick Anderson of Walston, a church minister, who was for some time imprisoned on the Bass Rock on the Firth of Forth in Haddingtonshire.
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Robert Simms
1761 - 1843 (82 years)
Robert Simms was an Irish radical, and a founding member in Belfast of the Society of United Irishmen. A Presbyterian born in Belfast, Simms was the owner of a paper mill in Ballyclare with his brother William Simms, one of twelve proprietors of the Northern Star newspaper. A close friend of Wolfe Tone who nicknamed him 'the Tanner', he was one of the founders of the Society of United Irishmen in Belfast in 1791 and the author of "Declaration and Resolutions of the Society of United Irishmen of Belfast." Simms served as the first Secretary of the Society, drafting many of its early letters, ...
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Joan I of Navarre
1273 - 1305 (32 years)
Joan I was ruling Queen of Navarre and Countess of Champagne from 1274 until 1305. She was also Queen of France by marriage to King Philip IV. She founded the College of Navarre in Paris in 1305. Joan never ruled Navarre in person, it being overseen by French governors. Having direct control over the County of Champagne, she raised an army to face the invasion of the county by Henry, Count of Bar, even capturing and imprisoning the count. She died in childbirth in 1305.
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Paulus Svendsen
1904 - 1989 (85 years)
Paulus Svendsen was a Norwegian professor and literary historian. He is mainly remembered for his biographies of notable thinkers of Western philosophy. Biography He was born in Egersund, Norway. He was the son of Oscar Svendsen , and his wife, Dagmar Marie Steffensen . His father was a Methodist priest. He started studying at the University of Oslo in 1923, and graduated with a cand.philol. degree seven years later. In 1940, he defended a thesis titled Gullalderdrøm og utviklingstro, which earned him a dr.philos. degree in the subsequent year.
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Max Margolis
1866 - 1932 (66 years)
Max Leopold Margolis was a Lithuanian Jewish and American philologist. Son of Isaac Margolis; educated at the elementary school of his native town, the Leibniz gymnasium, Berlin, and Columbia University, New York City . In 1891 he was appointed to a fellowship in Semitic languages at Columbia University, and from 1892 to 1897 he was instructor, and later assistant professor, of Hebrew language and Biblical exegesis at the Hebrew Union College of Cincinnati. In 1897 he became assistant professor of Semitic languages in the University of California; in 1898, associate professor; and from 1902 the head of the Semitic department.
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