The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Literature,
#8701
Tom Arnold
1823 - 1900 (77 years)
Thomas Arnold , also known as Thomas Arnold the Younger, was an English literary scholar. Life He was the second son of Thomas Arnold, headmaster of Rugby School, and his wife Mary Penrose. He was the younger brother of the poet Matthew Arnold and older brother of author and colonial administrator William Delafield Arnold. After gaining a first class degree at University College, Oxford, Arnold grew discontented with Victorian Britain and attempted to take up farming in New Zealand. Failing to make a success of this career, in 1850 he moved to Tasmania, having been invited to take the job of Inspector of Schools by Governor William Denison.
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Lucas Fernández
1474 - 1542 (68 years)
Lucas Fernández was a Spanish dramatist and musician, writer in Leonese language. He was born and educated at Salamanca, and was a professor of music there from 1522. The surviving work of Lucas Fernández consists of six plays. Although showing the influence of his rival Juan del Encina, they are notable for their dialogue, humor, and the effective interleaving of song and music with the action of play. The best of the works is an Easter play Auto de la Pasión, while his Dialogo para cantar is an early example of the zarzuela.
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Heinrich Wilhelm Grauert
1804 - 1852 (48 years)
Heinrich Wilhelm Grauert was a Dutch born, German historian and classical philologist. From 1821 he studied history and philology at the University of Bonn, where he was a pupil of Karl Friedrich Heinrich and August Ferdinand Naeke. At Bonn, he came under the influence of historian Barthold Georg Niebuhr, of whom he worked as a tutor to his son Marcus. In 1825 he received his doctorate with a dissertation on the fabulist Aesop, titled De Aesopo et fabulis Aesopicis. In 1827 he was appointed associate professor of history and classical studies at the Academy of Münster, where in 1836 he attained a full professorship of history.
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Paavo Cajander
1846 - 1913 (67 years)
Paavo Emil Cajander was a Finnishish poet and translator. Cajander was born in Hämeenlinna on December 24, 1846, to Frans Henrik Cajander and Maria Sofia Ylén. He was renowned for his translation into Finnish of Shakespeare's works and of Johan Ludvig Runeberg's The Tales of Ensign Stål, whose first verse is currently the Finnish national anthem. Cajander died in Helsinki on June 14, 1913, and is buried at the Hietaniemi Cemetery.
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Bud Abbott
1897 - 1974 (77 years)
William Alexander "Bud" Abbott was an American comedian, actor and producer. He was best known as the straight man half of the comedy duo Abbott and Costello. Early life Abbott was born in Asbury Park, New Jersey on October 2, 1897, into a show business family. His parents, Rae Fisher and Harry Abbott, had met while working for the Barnum and Bailey Circus. She was a bareback rider of German Jewish background and he was a concessionaire and forage agent. Bud was the third of the couple's four children. When Bud was a toddler, the family relocated to Harlem, then to the Coney Island section of...
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Ernst Toller
1893 - 1939 (46 years)
Ernst Toller was a German author, playwright, left-wing politician and revolutionary, known for his Expressionist plays. He served in 1919 for six days as President of the short-lived Bavarian Soviet Republic, after which he became the head of its army. He was imprisoned for five years for his part in the armed resistance by the Bavarian Soviet Republic to the central government in Berlin. While in prison Toller wrote several plays that gained him international renown. They were performed in London and New York City as well as in Berlin.
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Arnold Möller
1581 - 1655 (74 years)
Arnold Möller , was a German calligrapher. Biography Möller was a 17th-century German writing and arithmetic teacher who worked as a calligrapher in Lübeck. His publications were still reissued in the 18th century. He was trained in the Netherlands, possibly by Jan van de Velde the Elder in Haarlem, since his portrait was painted by the Haarlem artist Frans Hals. Möller is remembered today for his calligraphy and magic square puzzles left in the St. Catherine's Church, Lübeck, where he is buried. His numerous works are in the Archives of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck and the city library.
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Thomas Mitchell
1892 - 1962 (70 years)
Thomas John Mitchell was an American actor and writer. Among his most famous roles in a long career are those of Gerald O'Hara in Gone with the Wind, Doc Boone in Stagecoach, Uncle Billy in It's a Wonderful Life, Pat Garrett in The Outlaw, and Mayor Jonas Henderson in High Noon. Mitchell was the first male actor to gain the Triple Crown of Acting by winning an Oscar, an Emmy, and a Tony Award.
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Ewald Flügel
1863 - 1914 (51 years)
Ewald Flügel was one of the international pioneers of the study of Old and Middle English Literature and Language and one of the founding professors of English Studies at Stanford University. Biography Flügel, whose father and grandfather were involved in lexicographic projects and the teaching of English, was educated at the famous Nicolai School in Leipzig. He attended Leipzig University and received his doctoral degree with a dissertation on Thomas Carlyle in 1885, his postdoctoral degree with a study of Philip Sidney in 1888. From 1888 to 1892 he taught as "Privatdozent" at Leipzig and became coeditor of Anglia, Germany's second academic journal dedicated to the study of English.
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Howard Crosby
1826 - 1891 (65 years)
Howard Crosby was an American Presbyterian preacher, scholar and professor. He was Chancellor of New York University. Biography Crosby was born in New York City in 1826 to William Bedlow Crosby and Harriet Ashton Clarkson. His ancestors included Judge Joseph Crosby of Massachusetts, Gen. William Floyd of New York, a signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Rip Van Dam, and Matthias Nicoll. He is also the father of Ernest Howard Crosby, and a relative of Fanny Crosby.
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Joseph Anglade
1868 - 1930 (62 years)
Joseph Anglade was a French philologist. He specialized in Romance languages, particularly Occitan, and studied the lyrics of the troubadours. He was instrumental in formalizing the term Occitan for the language of Provence.
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Thomas Day Seymour
1848 - 1907 (59 years)
Thomas Day Seymour was an American classical scholar. He spent most of his career as a Professor of Greek at Yale University and published primarily on the works of Homer. Life Born in Hudson, Ohio, Seymour graduated with a B.A. in 1870 at Western Reserve College, present day Case Western Reserve University, where his father, Nathan Perkins Seymour, was for many years Professor of Greek and Latin. He received an ad eundem degree from Yale in 1870, and honorary LL.D. degrees from Western Reserve in 1894, from Glasgow University in 1901, and from Harvard University in 1906.
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Károly Molter
1890 - 1981 (91 years)
Károly Molter was a Hungarian novelist, dramatist, literary critic, journalist and academic. He spent most of his life in the region of Transylvania, being successively a national of Austria-Hungary and Romania.
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Edward Parmelee Morris
1853 - 1938 (85 years)
Edward Parmelee Morris was an American classicist. Life He was born on September 17, 1853, in Auburn, New York. He graduated from Yale College in 1874, then moved to Cincinnati where his father was living. On January 2, 1879, he married Charlotte Webster Humphrey; her father was the Reverend Z. M. Humphrey and a professor at Lane Seminary in Cincinnati. Humphrey and Morris had four children, Frances Humphrey , Edward , Margaret , and Humphrey . Edward died in infancy. Frances and Margaret both attended Bryn Mawr College. Morris died on November 16, 1938, in New York City.
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James Ingram
1774 - 1850 (76 years)
James Ingram was an English academic at the University of Oxford, who was Rawlinsonian Professor of Anglo-Saxon from 1803 to 1808 and President of Trinity College, Oxford, from 1824 until his death.
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Henry Maundrell
1665 - 1701 (36 years)
Henry Maundrell was an academic at Oxford University and later a Church of England clergyman, who served from 20 December 1695 as chaplain to the Levant Company in Syria. His Journey from Aleppo to Jerusalem at Easter A.D. 1697 , which had its origins in the diary he carried with him on his Easter pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1697, has become an often reprinted "minor travel classic." It was included in compilations of travel accounts from the mid-18th century, and was translated into three additional languages: French , Dutch and German . By 1749, the seventh edition was printed.
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Kenneth Willis Clark
1898 - 1979 (81 years)
Kenneth Willis Clark was a professor at Duke University, Greek palaeographer; area of interest: Greek New Testament manuscripts, and author of numerous books. Clark catalogued the Greek New Testament manuscripts housed in the libraries of the United States and Canada . Clark described and catalogued manuscripts housed in the library of the Saint Catherine's Monastery during his an expedition the Mount Sinai . According to his report two-thirds of that library comprised Greek manuscripts with items in Arabic, Persian, Georgian, Syriac, Ethiopian and Slavonic. He also catalogued the manuscripts...
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John Anderson
1870 - 1952 (82 years)
John George Clark Anderson was a classical scholar, who was Camden Professor of Ancient History at the University of Oxford from 1927 to 1936. Personal life and career J. G. C. Anderson, the son of a Scottish clergyman, was born on 6 December 1870, and was educated at Aberdeen University and Christ Church, Oxford. He was a fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, from 1897 to 1900, during which time he carried out archaeological explorations in Asia Minor. He returned to Christ Church on his appointment as a Senior Student in 1900, and won the university's Conington Prize in 1903. He served suc...
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Christopher Andreas Holmboe
1796 - 1882 (86 years)
Christopher Andreas Holmboe was a Norwegian philologist, orientalist and numismatist. Holmboe was born at Vang in Oppland, Norway. He was son of parish priest Jens Holmboe and brother of mathematician Bernt Michael Holmboe. He attended the Oslo Cathedral School and graduated as cand.theol. in 1818. He was professor of oriental languages at the University of Christiania from 1825 to 1876. He also served as warden of the University Coin Cabinet.
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Robert Shaw
1927 - 1978 (51 years)
Robert Archibald Shaw was an English actor, novelist, playwright and screenwriter. Beginning his career in theatre, Shaw joined the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre after the Second World War and appeared in productions of Macbeth, Henry VIII, Cymbeline, and other Shakespeare plays. With the Old Vic company , he continued primarily in Shakespearean roles. In 1959 he starred in a West End production of The Long and the Short and the Tall.
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Mikhail De Pulet
1822 - 1885 (63 years)
Mikhail Fyodorovich De Pulet was a Russian literary critic and historian, publicist, journalist, editor and pedagogue. A Kharkiv University alumnus , De Pulet started out as a teacher in Russian language and history in Voronezh, at the Mikhaylovsky Cadet Corps. In 1862–63 he edited the regional newspaper Voronezh Governorate News. In 1865 he was sent to Vilno as an inspector of the city's First Gymnasium and for three years co-edited the newspaper Vilensky Vestnik. Since 1857 De Pulet worked as a literary critic, first for Moskovskiye Vedomosti and later for Atheneum, Russkaya Beseda, Russky Vestnik, Den, Russkoye Slovo.
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Herbert Böhme
1907 - 1971 (64 years)
Herbert Böhme was a German poet who wrote poems and battle hymns for the Nazi Party. In 1930 he became one of the newly formed Junge Mannschaft, a group of semi-official Nazi poets that also included Heinrich Anacker, Gerhard Schumann and Hitler Youth leader Baldur von Schirach. Böhme joined the Nazi Party on 1 May 1933 and its original paramilitary wing, the Brownshirts, on 1 September 1933. After the Second World War he became involved with neo-fascism.
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Johann Georg Daniel Arnold
1780 - 1829 (49 years)
Johann Georg Daniel Arnold was a lawyer and writer. Life Arnold was born the son of a master cooper. His mother passed away very early. From 1787 Arnold attended high school in Strasbourg. Due to the French Revolution, the family became impoverished and from 1795 he hired himself as a clerk in the war bureau of the Bas-Rhin department.
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August Hermann Niemeyer
1754 - 1828 (74 years)
August Hermann Niemeyer was a German Protestant theologian, teacher, a librettist, a poet, a travel writer, a Protestant church song poet and a Prussian political educator. He was professor of theology in 1780, then vice-chancellor of the University of Halle-Wittenberg.
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Gotthold Gundermann
1856 - 1921 (65 years)
Gotthold Gundermann was a German classical philologist. He studied classical philology at the University of Jena, receiving his doctorate in 1880. Afterwards, he worked as a schoolteacher in Jena and served as an educator in Stuttgart. He took a study trip to Italy and England, and for several years worked as a collaborator on the multi-volume glossarium latinorum. He obtained his habilitation at Jena, and in 1891 became an associate professor. Later on, he held professorships at the universities of Giessen and Tübingen .
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Albert Curtis Clark
1859 - 1937 (78 years)
Albert Curtis Clark, was an English classical scholar, who specialised in Latin literature, Cicero, and the New Testament. From 1913 to 1934, he was Corpus Christi Professor of Latin at the University of Oxford. He was also President of the Classical Association from 1930 to 1931.
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Sergei Diaghilev
1872 - 1929 (57 years)
Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev , also known as Serge Diaghilev, was a Russian art critic, patron, ballet impresario and founder of the Ballets Russes, from which many famous dancers and choreographers would arise.
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Diran Chrakian
1875 - 1921 (46 years)
Diran Chrakian was an Armenian poet, writer, painter and teacher, and a victim of Armenian genocide. Biography Diran Chrakian was educated at Berberian College of Constantinople, then finished the College of Arts, where his works were appreciated by the famous painter Hovhannes Aivazovsky. Indra worked as a teacher, wrote articles, literary researches and notes. He signed his books "Inner World" and "Cypress Wood" , with the pseudonym Indra .
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Friedrich Gottlob Haase
1808 - 1867 (59 years)
Friedrich Gottlob Haase was a German classical scholar. He was born in Magdeburg on 4 January 1808. Haase studied at the Universities of Halle, Greifswald, and Berlin. In 1834, he obtained an appointment at Schulpforta, but he was suspended and sentenced to six years' imprisonment for identifying himself with the Burschenschaften .
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John Raven
1914 - 1980 (66 years)
John Earle Raven was an English classical scholar, notable for his work on pre-Socratic philosophy, and amateur botanist. Early life and education John Raven was born on 13 December 1914 in Cambridge, the son of Charles Earle Raven, sometime Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge and Master of Christ's College, Cambridge and of Margaret Wollaston. His mother's family endowed Raven with a distinguished intellectual pedigree, including between 1723 and 1829 seven Fellows of the Royal Society ; Raven was also a 7th generation descendant of William Wollaston, the philosophical writer. On his f...
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Paul Hamelius
1868 - 1922 (54 years)
Paul Hamelius or Hamélius was a Belgian philologist who produced the two-volume Early English Text Society edition of the Travels of Sir John Mandeville . Life Hamelius was born on 26 April 1868 in Ypres, West Flanders, Belgium, where his father, originally from Luxembourg, was stationed as a military doctor. Between the ages of 3 and 12 he grew up in Metz, which was then in the German Empire, and received his primary education in German. After returning to Belgium he trained as a teacher, and taught at secondary schools in Tournai, Charleroi and Ixelles. He received a doctorate in Germanic ...
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William Hamilton
1704 - 1754 (50 years)
William Hamilton was a Scottish poet associated with the Jacobite movement. Life Hamilton was born at the family seat in Ecclesmachan, West Lothian. He was the second son of James Hamilton of Bangour, advocate, whose grandfather, James, second son of John Hamilton of Little Earnock, Lanarkshire, founded the Bangour family. On the death of his elder brother, without heir, in 1750, Hamilton succeeded to the estate.
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Charles Johnson
1679 - 1748 (69 years)
Charles Johnson was an English playwright, tavern keeper, and enemy of Alexander Pope's. He was a dedicated Whig who allied himself with the Duke of Marlborough, Colley Cibber, and those who rose in opposition to Queen Anne's Tory ministry of 1710–1714.
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John Meiklejohn
1836 - 1902 (66 years)
John Miller Dow Meiklejohn was a Scottish academic, journalist and author known for writing school books. Life Born in Edinburgh on 11 July 1836, he was son of John Meiklejohn, an Edinburgh schoolmaster, and was educated at his father's private school at 7 St. Anthony Place, Port Hopetoun. He graduated with an MA from the University of Edinburgh on 21 April 1858, when he was the gold medallist in Latin. At an early age he devoted himself to German philosophy, and became a private schoolmaster, first in the Lake District and then in Orme Square and York Place, London. He also lectured and took...
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Alexander Murray
1775 - 1813 (38 years)
Alexander Murray FRSE FSA was a Scottish minister, philologist, linguist and professor of Hebrew and Semitic languages at Edinburgh University . Life Murray was born on 22 October 1775, at Dunkitterick, Kirkcudbrightshire, where his father, Robert Murray, was a shepherd and farm labourer. His first language was Galwegian Gaelic.
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Alexander Crombie
1762 - 1840 (78 years)
Alexander Crombie FRS was a Scottish Presbyterian minister, schoolmaster and philosopher. Biography He was born in Aberdeen on 17 July 1760, the son of Thomas Crombie. He studied at Marischal College. There he was taught divinity by James Beattie, gaining a M.A. in 1778. In 1794 his college awarded him an honorary doctorate .
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David Gray
1838 - 1861 (23 years)
David Gray was a Scottish poet, from Merkland, Kirkintilloch. He died in his hometown aged 23. His friend and fellow poet Robert Buchanan wrote his biography in 1900. Life The son of a handloom weaver, Gray was born at Merkland, by Kirkintilloch, Dunbartonshire. His parents resolved to educate him for the Free Kirk, and through their self-denial and his own exertions as a pupil teacher and private tutor he was able to complete a course of four sessions at the university of Glasgow. He began to write poetry for Glasgow Evening Citizen and began his idyll on the Luggie, the little stream that ran through Merkland.
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Joseph Bickersteth Mayor
1828 - 1916 (88 years)
Rev. Joseph Bickersteth Mayor was an English professor, classical scholar, and Anglican clergyman. Early life and education Mayor was born in Cape Colony while his parents returned from Ceylon. He was the fourth son and eighth child of twelve born to Rev. Robert Mayor and Charlotte Bickersteth . His mother came from the prominent Bickersteth family and was the sister of Henry Bickersteth, 1st Baron Langdale and Rev. Edward Bickersteth. John E. B. Mayor was his elder brother.
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Eduard Heyck
1862 - 1941 (79 years)
Eduard Heyck was a German cultural historian, editor, writer and poet. Family Eduard Karl Heinrich Berthold Heyck was born at Doberan, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, the son of the retired garden center owner Eduard Heyck . He was a son-in-law of the writer and poet Wilhelm Jensen and the father of Hans Heyck and Prof. Dr. med. Hartwig Heyck . His first wife, Maina Heyck-Jensen , was a painter and occasional writer. Eduard Heyck studied comparative philology, history and art history at Leipzig, Jena and Heidelberg. After a PhD. thesis judged "summa cum laude" entitled "Genua und seine Marine im Zeitalter der Kreuzzüge" Heyck was appointed "Dozent", i.e.
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Pierre Beauchamp
1631 - 1705 (74 years)
Pierre Beauchamp or Beauchamps was a French choreographer, dancer and composer, and the probable inventor of Beauchamp–Feuillet notation. His grand-father was called Christophe and his father, a violinist of the king's chamber, was simply called Louis. Following a custom of the time, Pierre Beauchamp was named Pierre after his godfather Pierre Vacherot, tailor of the queen's pages and a relative of the Beauchamps family.
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Thomas Overbury
1581 - 1613 (32 years)
Sir Thomas Overbury was an English poet and essayist, also known for being the victim of a murder which led to a scandalous trial. His poem A Wife , which depicted the virtues that a young man should demand of a woman, played a large role in the events that precipitated his murder.
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John Morgan
1688 - 1733 (45 years)
John Morgan was a Welsh clergyman, scholar and poet. Life Morgan was born at Llangelynnin, Merionethshire, the younger son of the local curate. He studied at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1704 to 1708, and is thought to have been influenced by Edward Lhuyd, the antiquary, whilst he was there. He was ordained in 1709 and spent a year as curate of Llandegfan, Anglesey. From 1710 to 1713, he was curate of Llanfyllin, Montgomeryshire, before becoming curate and then vicar of Matching, Essex, a position he held until his death in February 1733 or 1734. This led to his commonly being known as John Morgan Matchin.
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Vasa Stajić
1878 - 1947 (69 years)
Vasa Stajić was a Serbian writer and philosopher. He was born in Mokrin in 1878, and died in Novi Sad in 1947 where he spent most of his life. He was secretary of the Serbian Cultural Society from 1920-1922 and its president twice . A statue of him appears in front of the Serbian Cultural Society.
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John Philip Kemble
1757 - 1823 (66 years)
John Philip Kemble was a British actor. He was born into a theatrical family as the eldest son of Roger Kemble, actor-manager of a touring troupe. His elder sister Sarah Siddons achieved fame with him on the stage of the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. His other siblings, Charles Kemble, Stephen Kemble, Ann Hatton, and Elizabeth Whitlock, also enjoyed success on the stage.
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Stephan von Breuning
1774 - 1827 (53 years)
Stephan von Breuning was a German civil servant and librettist. He was Ludwig van Beethoven's lifelong friend, from his childhood in Bonn when receiving music lessons until acting as executor in Vienna.
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John Fox Jr.
1862 - 1919 (57 years)
John Fox Jr. was an American journalist, novelist, and short story writer. Biography Born in Stony Point, Kentucky, to John William Fox Sr. and Minerva Worth Carr, Fox studied English at Harvard University. He graduated in 1883 before becoming a reporter in New York City. After working for both New York Times and the New York Sun, he published a successful serialization of his first novel, A Mountain Europa, in Century magazine in 1892. Two moderately successful short story collections followed, as well as his first conventional novel, The Kentuckians in 1898. Fox gained a following as a war...
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Bernhard Meyer
1767 - 1836 (69 years)
Bernhard Meyer was a German physician and naturalist. Meyer was the joint author, with Philipp Gottfried Gaertner and Johannes Scherbius of Oekonomisch-technische Flora der Wetterau , which was the source of the scientific name of many plants. He was also the joint author, with Johann Wolf, of Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands
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Charles Burney
1757 - 1817 (60 years)
Charles Burney FRS was an English classical scholar, schoolmaster, clergyman and chaplain to George III. He kept a school for boys in Hammersmith and later Greenwich. Family and education A native of London, he was the son of Charles Burney, a music historian, and his first wife, Esther Sleepe. He was a brother of the novelist and diarist Fanny Burney and the explorer James Burney, and a half-brother of the novelist Sarah Burney.
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Paul Stapfer
1840 - 1917 (77 years)
Paul Stapfer was a French essayist, born in Paris, and educated at the Bonaparte Lyceum. After serving as tutor in the family of François Guizot, he became a professor at Grenoble. In 1883, he accepted a similar professorship at Bordeaux. Stapfer's essays are remarkable for their clarity of style, perfection of finish and accuracy of detail. He edited the Grands écrivains series. Among his works are:Petite comédie de la critique littéraire de Molière selon les trois écoles philosophiques Causeries guernesiaises Laurence Sterne, sa personne et ses ouvrages Shakespeare et l'antiquité , which...
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Philipp Spitta
1801 - 1859 (58 years)
Karl Johann Philipp Spitta was a German Protestant religious poet. Biography Born in Hanover, he was educated at Göttingen, and from 1824 to 1828 he was a tutor near Lüneburg, and there wrote the most favored of his hymns. Afterwards he was vicar or pastor in several churches, and in 1859, shortly before his death, was made superintendent at Burgdorf.
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