The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,
#13951
Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre
1842 - 1909 (67 years)
Joseph Alexandre Saint-Yves, Marquis d’Alveydre was a French occultist who adapted the works of Fabre d'Olivet and, in turn, had his ideas adapted by Gérard Encausse alias Papus. His work on "L'Archéomètre" deeply influenced the young René Guénon. He developed the term Synarchy—the association of everyone with everyone else—into a political philosophy, and his ideas about this type of government proved influential in politics and the occult.
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Jaroslav Hašek
1883 - 1923 (40 years)
Jaroslav Hašek was a Czech writer, humorist, satirist, journalist, bohemian, first anarchist and then communist, and commissar of the Red Army against the Czechoslovak Legion. He is best known for his novel The Fate of the Good Soldier Švejk during the World War, an unfinished collection of farcical incidents about a soldier in World War I and a satire on the ineptitude of authority figures. The novel has been translated into about 60 languages, making it the most translated novel in Czech literature.
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William Cowper
1666 - 1709 (43 years)
William Cowper was an English surgeon and anatomist, famous for his early description of what is now known as Cowper's gland. Cowper was born in Petersfield, Hampshire, and he was apprenticed to a London surgeon, William Bignall, in March 1682. He was admitted to the Company of Barber-Surgeons in 1691 and began practising in London the same year. In 1694, he published his noted work, Myotomia Reformata, or a New Administration of the Muscles, and he was elected a member of the Royal Society in 1696. In 1698, he published The Anatomy of the Humane Bodies, which gained him great fame and notor...
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Saviour Bernard
1724 - 1806 (82 years)
Saviour Bernard was a Maltese medical practitioner, a scientist, and a major philosopher. His areas of specialisation in philosophy were mostly philosophical psychology and physiology. Life Beginnings Bernard was born at Valletta, Malta, on November 29, 1724, from French parents. His family seems to have been well-off, enough, at least, to give Bernard a good initial formation, one which was probably better than that of his peers.
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Hugo Wilhelm von Ziemssen
1829 - 1902 (73 years)
Hugo von Ziemssen was a German physician, born in Greifswald. He studied medicine at the universities of Greifswald, Berlin, and Würzburg. In 1863 he was called to the University of Erlangen as a professor of pathology and therapy as well as the director of the medical clinic. In 1874 he relocated to Munich as a professor and director of the general hospital.
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Carl Thomsen
1847 - 1912 (65 years)
Carl Christian Frederik Jacob Thomsen was a Danish painter and illustrator. He specialized in genre painting and also illustrated the works of several Danish authors. Biography Born in Copenhagen, Thomsen was the son of Chamber Councillor Ludvig Frederik Thomsen and the brother of the acclaimed linguist Vilhelm Thomsen . From an early age, Thomsen was interested in drawing but his parents first encouraged him to study philosophy. After he had graduated in 1866, he began studying art with Frederik Vermehren the same year. He then attended the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts under Wilhelm Marstrand, graduating in 1871.
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William Walker
1871 - 1918 (47 years)
William Walker was a prominent Irish trade unionist and a leading figure within the Belfast labour movement. He served as President of the Irish Trades Union Congress and Vice-Chair of the British Labour Party.
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Asen Kozharov
1911 - 1988 (77 years)
Asen Todorov Kojarov was a Bulgarian philosopher, politician, yogi. He was a member of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization and the Bulgarian Communist Party. Biography He was born in 1911 as Asen Charakchiev in the town of Nevrokop, in the Salonica Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire, now the town of Gotse Delchev, Bulgaria. In 1935 as a student of philosophy he was expelled from University of Sofia for communist activities and was sentenced to 12 1/2 years of imprisonment. In the prison, he illegally studied the classicists of Marxism-Leninism and guided circles in philosophy. Freed in 1940, he again joined the illegal communist movement.
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William Smith
1653 - 1735 (82 years)
Reverend William Smith was an English antiquary responsible for the cataloguing of the archives of University College, Oxford, and composing an original and controversial history of the college, The Annals of University College. Smith was a Fellow of Oxford University, from 1675 to 1704, and then the rector of Melsonby, from 1704 to 1735.
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Hugh Binning
1627 - 1653 (26 years)
Hugh Binning was a Scottish philosopher and theologian. He was born in Scotland during the reign of Charles I and was ordained in the Church of Scotland. He died in 1653, during the time of Oliver Cromwell and the Commonwealth of England.
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Li Kui
500 BC - 400 BC (100 years)
Li Kui was a Chinese hydraulic engineer, philosopher, and politician. He served as government minister and court advisor to Marquis Wen in the state of Wei. In 407 BC, he wrote the Book of Law . Said to have been main a been a main influence on Shang Yang, it served the basis for the codified laws of the Qin and Han dynasties.
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Nasim Amrohvi
1908 - 1987 (79 years)
Nasim Amrohvi or Syed Qaim Raza Taqvi He belonged to the Taqvi Syed family. His father was Syed Barjees Hussain Taqvi and his mother was Syeda Khatoon. His grand father was Shamim Amrohvi who was bestowed the title of Farazdaq-e-Hind.
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Friedrich Kasimir Medikus
1736 - 1808 (72 years)
Friedrich Kasimir Medikus was a German physician and botanist. He was born at Grumbach and became director of the University of Mannheim and curator of the botanical garden at Mannheim. He encouraged the cultivation of locust trees in Europe.
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Lewis Milestone
1895 - 1980 (85 years)
Lewis Milestone was an American film director. Milestone directed Two Arabian Knights and All Quiet on the Western Front , both of which received the Academy Award for Best Director. He also directed The Front Page , The General Died at Dawn , Of Mice and Men , Ocean's 11 , and received the directing credit for Mutiny on the Bounty , though Marlon Brando largely appropriated his responsibilities during its production.
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Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger
1830 - 1905 (75 years)
Karl Ernst Theodor Schweigger was a German ophthalmologist who was a native of Halle an der Saale. He was the son of scientist Johann Salomo Christoph Schweigger , inventor of an early galvanometer.
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Israel Meir Freimann
1830 - 1884 (54 years)
Israel Meir Freimann was a Polish-born German rabbi, philosopher, and orientalist. Biography Born as the younger son of Eliakum Freimann and Esther Breiter, Freimann received his education from his father and in various Talmudical schools in Hungary. After attending a Gymnasium in 1850 in Leipzig, Saxony, where he stayed with his elder brother Isak , in 1852 he moved to Breslau, then Prussia. There he attended the Catholic Royal where he took his A-levels . Between 1856 and 1860 he studied philosophy and Oriental languages at the local Silesian Frederick William University . In 1860 Landes...
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Dimitrie Gerota
1867 - 1939 (72 years)
Dimitrie D. Gerota was a Romanian anatomist, physician, radiologist, urologist, and corresponding member of the Romanian Academy from 1916. Biography He was born in Craiova, the son of a priest, Dimitrie Constantin Gerota , and Maria Gerota, née Surpăteanu . He studied at the Carol I High School in Craiova. In 1886, he entered the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Bucharest, graduating with an M.D. degree in 1892. For four years, he pursued his studies in Paris in Berlin. After returning to Bucharest, he started practicing medicine and teaching at various institutions.
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Zoilus
400 BC - 320 BC (80 years)
Zoilus was a Greek grammarian and literary critic from Amphipolis in Eastern Macedonia, then known as Thrace. He took the name Homeromastix later in life. Biography According to Vitruvius , Zoilus lived during the age of Ptolemy Philadelphus, by whom he was crucified as the punishment of his criticisms on the king; but this account should probably be rejected as a fiction based on Zoilus' reputation. Vitruvius goes on to state that Zoilus also may have been stoned at Chios or thrown alive upon a funeral pyre at Smyrna. Either way Vitruvius felt it was just as well since he deserved to be dead for slandering an author who could not defend himself.
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Emil Godlewski
1875 - 1944 (69 years)
Emil Godlewski was a Polish embryologist, professor of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków. After early research on the development and histogenesis of muscles, professor Godlewski's scientific interests focused on regeneration and mechanisms regulating the process of fertilization, as well as early embryo development, blastulation and gastrulation. He was also interested in the origin of the primary differentiating cells in regenerates. He postulated the importance of epithelial tissue in this process and was the first to point out the change in the function, organization and role of the cells under the influence of external stimuli.
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Samuel Crellius
1660 - 1747 (87 years)
Samuel Crell-Spinowski was an Arian philosopher and theologian, pastor of the church of the Polish Brethren. Son of Christopher Crellius and grandson of Johannes Crellius. Samuel's mother died when he was 6, and his father then took his older brother, Christopher, and one of his sisters to England. Samuel remained with his father in Poland, who later remarried and became father of Paul . It is recorded that Samuel studied in England, but when Christopher Crell Sr. died in 1680 Samuel's elder brother Christopher Crell Jr. appears to have been not in England, but studying medicine in Leiden, an...
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Enchin
814 - 891 (77 years)
Enchin was a Japanese Buddhist monk who founded of the Jimon school of Tendai Buddhism and Chief Abbot of Mii-dera at the foot of Mount Hiei. After succeeding to the post of Tendai zasu, in 873, a strong rivalry developed between his followers and those of Ennin's at Enryaku-ji .
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Charles Tomlinson
1808 - 1897 (89 years)
Charles Tomlinson , was a scientist who published papers on meteorology and the physical properties of liquids. Biography He studied science under George Birkbeck, the founder of the London Mechanics' Institute. For a while, he had a school with his brother Lewis, at Salisbury. Becoming known for original investigation, he was called to London, where he was appointed lecturer on experimental science at King's College School. During the 1840s and 1850s he published several notable scientific works relating to phenomena of the weather for the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge. In 1872 he...
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Mikhail Reisner
1868 - 1928 (60 years)
Mikhail Andreevich Reisner was a Russian and Soviet lawyer, jurist, writer, social psychologist and historian of Baltic German extraction. He was the father of writer Larissa Reisner and orientalist Igor Reisner, and adoptive father of naval officer and submariner Lev Reisner.
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Hans Popper
1903 - 1988 (85 years)
Hans Popper was an Austrian-born pathologist, hepatologist and teacher. Together with Dame Sheila Sherlock, he is widely regarded as the founding father of hepatology. He is the namesake of the Hans Popper Hepatopathology Society, as well as the International Hans Popper Award and the Hans Popper Hepatopathology Society.
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Abraham Abigdor
1350 - Present (676 years)
Abraham Abigdor , born 1350, was a Jewish physician, philosopher, kabbalist, and translator. He should not be confused with Maestro Abraham Abigdor, who in 1386 was the proprietor of a house at Arles .
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John David Mabbott
1898 - 1988 (90 years)
John David Mabbott was a British academic who worked as the president of St John's College, Oxford, from 1963 from to 1969. Education Mabbott was educated at Berwickshire High School; the University of Edinburgh; and St John's.
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Conrad of Megenberg
1309 - 1374 (65 years)
Conrad of Megenberg was a German Catholic scholar, and a writer. Biography Conrad was born in either Mainberg or Mebenburg, both in Bavaria. He was born on 2 February 1309. Conrad himself calls his native place Megenberg, hence continued confusion on his birthplace. He studied at Erfurt and the University of Paris; at the latter university he obtained the degree of Master of Arts, and he taught philosophy and theology at the University of Paris for several years.
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Jesús Emilio Jaramillo Monsalve
1916 - 1989 (73 years)
Jesús Emilio Jaramillo Monsalve was a Colombian Roman Catholic prelate who was a professed member of the Xaverian Missionaries of Yarumal and served as the Bishop of Arauca from 1984 until his assassination. Jaramillo was a staunch opponent of the E.L.N. and spoke out against their atrocities in the midst of conflict and a drug war. But this led to him being marked for death and he was killed not long after being kidnapped and tortured.
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John Matthew Rispoli
1582 - 1639 (57 years)
John Matthew Rispoli was a major Maltese philosopher of great erudition. He was held in high esteem by the Grand Masters of the Knights Hospitaller Order, the Bishops of Malta, the Viceroys of Sicily, cardinals, bishops, inquisitors, and the common people. Perhaps the most eminent Maltese philosopher of the Middle Ages, the various extant writings of his are witness to his philosophical aptitude and dexterity as to his high calibre as a philosopher. These qualities were highly appreciated during his lifetime, in Malta as in France and Italy. He lived a busy life, both as an intellectual and as an administrator.
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James Marsh
1794 - 1842 (48 years)
James Marsh was an American philosopher, Congregational clergyman and president of the University of Vermont from 1826 to 1833. Biography Marsh was born in Hartford, Vermont, and educated at Dartmouth College, graduating in 1817 from the college-in-exile in opposition to Dartmouth University, the state university that was set up in an attempt to destroy the Dartmouth College. He then graduated from Andover Theological Seminary in 1822, meanwhile serving as tutor at Dartmouth 1818–1820, and spending several months in study at Cambridge, Massachusetts. In October 1824, he was ordained as a Cong...
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Damo
600 BC - 500 BC (100 years)
Damo was a Pythagorean philosopher said by many to have been the daughter of Pythagoras and Theano. Early life Tradition relates that she was born in Croton, Magna Graecia, and was the daughter of Pythagoras and Theano. According to Iamblichus, Damo married Meno the Crotonian. Some accounts refer to her as an only daughter, while others indicate that she had two sisters, Arignote and Myia . With her brother Telauges, they became members of the Pythagorean sect founded by their father.
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Karl Aschenbrenner
1911 - 1988 (77 years)
Karl W. Aschenbrenner was an American philosopher, translator and prominent American specialist in analytic philosophy and aesthetics, author and editor of more than 48 publications including five monographs, 27 articles and 16 book reviews. His principal academic post was at the University of California, Berkeley in the Department of Philosophy. Aschenbrenner co-edited, with Arnold Isenberg, a collection of essays on the subject of aesthetic theory. As co-translator with William B. Holther, Aschenbrenner published the principal work of Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten and, with Donald Nichol...
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Robert von Welz
1814 - 1878 (64 years)
Robert von Welz was a German physician and ophthalmologist. From 1832 he studied sciences and medicine at the University of Würzburg, receiving his medical doctorate in 1838. For several years he worked as an assistant physician at the Juliusspital in Würzburg, then in 1849 traveled to Paris, where he conducted research of syphilis. In Paris he became engaged in a dispute with Philippe Ricord in regard to the transferability of syphilis. His interests later turned to ophthalmology, and in 1854/55 he studied the subject with Albrecht von Graefe in Berlin. In 1857 he opened an eye clinic in Würzburg, and in 1866 he was named a professor of ophthalmology at the university.
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Paul de Sorbait
1624 - 1691 (67 years)
Paul de Sorbait was an Austrian physician and sanitary engineer. He went to school in Paderborn, then attended the University of Padua, where apparently he obtained his degree of Doctor of Philosophy and Medicine. He practiced as a physician in Rome, Cologne, and Arnhem, and in August, 1652, was made a member of the medical faculty of the University of Vienna. In 1655 he became professor of theoretical medicine at the same university, and in 1666 professor of practical medicine. In 1658 he was appointed court-physician to the Empress-Dowager Eleonora. In 1676 he rebuilt at his own expense the students' hall "Goldberg" and added a chapel to it.
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Ibn Sab'in
1217 - 1270 (53 years)
Ibn Sab'īn was an Arab Sufi philosopher, the last philosopher of the Andalus in the west land of Islamic world. He was born in 1217 in Spain and lived in Ceuta. It has been suggested that he was a Neoplatonic philosopher, a Peripatetic philosopher, a Pythagorean philosopher, a Hermeticist, a Kabbalist, an alchemist, a heterodox Sufi, a crypto-Shīʿī, a plagiarizer, a pantheist, and an arrogant seeker of fame, though none of these adequately characterise Ibn Sab'in.
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Vitangelo Bisceglia
1749 - 1817 (68 years)
Vitangelo Bisceglia was an Italian botanist, agronomist and professor. He taught inside the University of Altamura. Because of his being a polymath, he's been described as "an encyclopedic spirit, the honor of the Muses".
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Pittacus of Mytilene
650 BC - 570 BC (80 years)
Pittacus was an ancient Mytilenean military general and one of the Seven Sages of Greece. Biography Pittacus was a native of Mytilene and son of Hyrradius. He became a Mytilenaean general who, with his army, was victorious in the battle against the Athenians and their commander Phrynon. In consequence of this victory, the Mytilenaeans held Pittacus in the greatest honour and presented the supreme power into his hands. After ten years of reign, he resigned his position and the city and constitution were brought into good order.
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Viktor Schauberger
1885 - 1958 (73 years)
Viktor Schauberger was an Austrian forest caretaker, naturalist, philosopher, inventor and pseudoscientist. Early life Schauberger was born in Holzschlag, Upper Austria on 30 June 1885. His parents were Leopold Schauberger and Josefa, née Klimitsch. From 1891 to 1897 he attended the elementary school in Aigen, then until 1900 the state grammar school in Linz. Until 1904 he went to the forestry school in Aggsbach in the Kartause Aggsbach, where he passed the exam as a forester. From 1904 to 1906 he was forest clerk in Groß-Schweinbarth in Lower Austria.
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François Vatable
1495 - 1547 (52 years)
François Vatable was a French humanist scholar, a hellenist and hebraist. Life Born in Gamaches, Picardy, he was for a time rector of Bramet in Valois. In 1530 Francis I of France appointed him as one of his Royal Lecturers in what afterwards became known as the Collège de France. Vatable got the chair of Hebrew. At a later date a royal grant conferred upon Vatable the title of Abbot of Bellozane, with the benefices attached thereto. Vatable is regarded as the restorer of Hebrew scholarship in France, and his lectures in Paris attracted a large audience including Jews. He was known by his im...
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Clinomachus
400 BC - 400 BC (0 years)
Clinomachus , was a Megarian philosopher from Thurii, Magna Graecia. He is said by Diogenes Laërtius to have been the first who composed treatises on the fundamental principles of dialectics, and is described as the founder of the Dialectical school. According to the Suda, he was the disciple of Euclid of Megara, and he taught Bryson, the teacher of Pyrrho. He thus lived towards the earlier half of the 4th century BC.
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Hayim Greenberg
1889 - 1953 (64 years)
Hayim Greenberg was a Jewish-American thinker and Labor Zionist thinker. He was the head of Poalei Zion and he was the editor along with Marie Syrkin of the important American Zionist journal Jewish Frontier. Its writers included David Ben-Gurion, Moshe Shertok, Sholom Asch and Maurice Samuel. He edited a literary journal, Kadima, in Kiev in 1920 with Koigen and Fischel Schneerson.
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Aleksandr Filippov
1891 - Present (135 years)
Aleksandr Pavlovich Filippov was a Russian philosopher. Filippov completed his training for the law at the University of Kharkiv in 1913. He then devoted four years to the study of natural sciences at that university. He held a research fellowship in European culture at the university and worked as a scientific fellow of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences.
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Karl Ernst Ranke
1870 - 1926 (56 years)
Karl Ernst Ranke was a German internist, pediatrician and pulmonologist known for his research of tuberculosis. He was the son of anthropologist Johannes Ranke . In 1896 he received his medical doctorate from the University of Munich, then spent the following year as an assistant to his uncle, Heinrich von Ranke , at the pediatric clinic in Munich. Afterwards, he was in charge of an anthropological research expedition to Brazil. Following his return to Germany, he spent two additional years as an assistant in the pediatric clinic, then relocated to Arosa, Switzerland, where he worked as a doc...
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Demetrios Chalkokondyles
1423 - 1511 (88 years)
Demetrios Chalkokondyles , Latinized as Demetrius Chalcocondyles and found variously as Demetricocondyles, Chalcocondylas or Chalcondyles was one of the most eminent Greek scholars in the West. He taught in Italy for over forty years; his colleagues included Marsilio Ficino, Poliziano, and Theodorus Gaza in the revival of letters in the Western world, and Chalkokondyles was the last of the Greek humanists who taught Greek literature at the great universities of the Italian Renaissance . One of his pupils at Florence was the famous Johann Reuchlin. Chalkokondyles published the first printed pu...
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John of Głogów
1445 - 1507 (62 years)
John of Głogów was a notable Polish polyhistor at the turn of the Middle Ages and Renaissance—a philosopher, geographer and astronomer at the University of Krakow. Life John was born into the Schelling family in Głogów in the Lower Silesian Duchy of Głogów, which from 1331 had belonged to Bohemia and thus, during his lifetime, to the Holy Roman Empire. He variously styled himself Johannes Glogoviensis, Glogerus, de Glogovia and Glogowita; but while he may have been of German extraction, he never used the name "Schelling." He began his education in a local school at the Collegiate Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.
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Joseph Cogswell
1786 - 1871 (85 years)
Joseph Green Cogswell was an American librarian, bibliographer and an innovative educator. Education Born in Ipswich, Massachusetts, Cogswell received a grammar school education in Ipswich, and attended Phillips Exeter Academy. He graduated from Harvard in 1806, and studied law from 1807 to 1809. After making a voyage to India as supercargo of the vessel in which he sailed, Cogswell studied law with Fisher Ames in Dedham, and practised for a few years in Belfast, Maine. In 1812 he married Mary, the daughter of Gov. John Taylor Gilman. She died in 1813. Her death, and a distaste for the profession, led him to abandon the practice of law.
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Alexander Wood
1817 - 1884 (67 years)
Alexander Wood was a Scottish physician. He invented the first true hypodermic syringe. He served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from 1858 to 1861. Life The son of Dr James Wood and his wife Mary Wood , Alexander was born on 10 December 1817 in Cupar, Fife. The family moved to Edinburgh around 1825, where they lived at 19 Royal Circus in the Second New Town. He was educated at Edinburgh Academy from 1825 to 1832, and then studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh .
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Miguel Ángel Virasoro
1900 - 1966 (66 years)
Miguel Ángel Virasoro was an Argentine philosopher. Life Born in Santa Fe, Argentina, in 1900, Virasoro graduated with a law degree from the University of La Plata. In 1947 he took over the direction of the magazine Logos | Report which resulted in the same year which still remains the best version of Being and Nothingness Sartre into Castilian. In 1949, Virasoro participated in the first National Congress of Philosophy held in Mendoza with a presentation dialectical existentialism. In 1952 he was appointed vice dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and also takes over the leadership of the Department of Philosophy.
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Nicholas Russo
1845 - 1902 (57 years)
Nicholas Russo was an Italian Catholic priest, Jesuit, philosopher, and missionary. Born in Italy, he ran away from his family and joined the Society of Jesus in France in 1862, where he was educated and began teaching. In 1875, Russo was sent to the United States to study at Woodstock College. For ten years, he was a professor and the chair of philosophy at Boston College and became its first faculty member to publish a book. Specializing in Thomism, he was regarded as a successful professor. He served as president of the college from 1887 to 1888.
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Heinrich Neumann von Héthárs
1873 - 1939 (66 years)
Heinrich Neumann Ritter von Héthárs was the foremost ear-nose-and-throat doctor in Vienna before World War II. In 1938 he transmitted to the Evian Conference the infamous offer by the German government to sell the Austrian Jews at a price of $250 per capita to any foreign country that would accept them and pay. This offer - and the Conference delegates' refusal to accept it - is the focal point of Hans Habe's novel The Mission .
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