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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#14001

Xun Xu

201 - 289 (88 years)

Xun Xu , courtesy name Gongzeng, was a Chinese musician, painter, politician, and writer who lived during the late Three Kingdoms period and early Jin dynasty of China. Born in the influential Xun family, he was a great-grandson of Xun Shuang and a distant maternal relative of Zhong Yao's family . He served as an official in the state of Cao Wei in the late Three Kingdoms era before serving under the Jin dynasty.

#14002

Menedemus of Pyrrha

350 BC - Present (2376 years)

Menedemus of Pyrrha Notes

#14003

Apollodorus the Epicurean

150 BC - 150 BC (0 years)

Apollodorus was an Epicurean philosopher, and head of the Epicurean school in Athens. According to Diogenes Laërtius, he was surnamed Tyrant of the Garden from his exercising a kind of tyranny or supremacy in the garden or school of Epicurus. He was the teacher of Zeno of Sidon, who succeeded him as the head of the school, about 100 BC. He is said to have written upwards of 400 books, but they have all perished.

#14004

Jan Šindel

1375 - 1456 (81 years)

Jan Šindel , also known as Jan Ondřejův , was a Czech medieval scientist and Catholic priest. He was a professor at Charles University in Prague and became the rector of the university in 1410. He lectured on mathematics and astronomy and was also a personal astrologer and physician of kings Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia and his brother Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund.

#14005

Cronius the Pythagorean

200 - 200 (0 years)

Cronius was a celebrated Neopythagorean philosopher. He was probably a contemporary of Numenius of Apamea, who lived in the 2nd century, and he is often spoken of along with him. Nemesius mentions a work of his On Reincarnation, , and Origen is said to have diligently studied the works of Cronius. Porphyry also states that he endeavoured to explain the fables of the Homeric poems in a philosophical manner. This is all we know about Cronius, although he appears to have been very distinguished among the Neopythagoreans.

#14006

Helvidius Priscus

50 - 75 (25 years)

Helvidius Priscus, Stoic philosopher and statesman, lived during the reigns of Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius and Vespasian. Biography Helvidius came from town of Cluviae, and his father had been the senior centurion of a legion. According to Tacitus, from early youth he devoted his brilliant intellect to academic studies, not in order to disguise ease and idleness under a pretentious name, but to arm himself more stoutly against the unpredictable fluctuations of fortune of a public career. As citizen, senator, husband, son-in-law and friend, he met the varied obligations of life in a consiste...

#14007

Batis of Lampsacus

350 BC - 210 BC (140 years)

Batis of Lampsacus, was a student of Epicurus at Lampsacus in the early 3rd century BC. According to Diogenes Laertius, she was the sister of Metrodorus and wife of Idomeneus. Seneca the Younger recounts that when Batis' son died, Metrodorus wrote a letter to his sister offering comfort, telling her that "all the Good of mortals is mortal," and "that there is a certain pleasure akin to sadness, and that one should give chase thereto at such times as these." Fragments of a letter from Epicurus to Batis on the death of Metrodorus in 277 BC have also been discovered among the papyri at Herculaneum.

#14008

Aristus of Ascalon

50 BC - 50 BC (0 years)

Aristus was a philosopher of ancient Greece from Ashkelon, aligned with the "Academic" school of philosophy, also known as Platonism. He was the pupil of and later successor to his brother, the more famous and renowned Academic philosopher Antiochus of Ascalon, and was generally considered to be the inferior philosopher.

#14009

Polystratus the Epicurean

Polystratus ; died 219/18 BCEscholarch Fragments of two of his works survive among the scrolls found at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum. The first is On Irrational Contempt, which is a polemic directed "against those who irrationally despise popular beliefs." His opponents in the work may be the Cynics or the Skeptics. The second preserved work is entitled On Philosophy, of which only broken fragments can be deciphered.

#14010

Philonides of Laodicea

$Philonides of Laodicea$

200 BC - 130 BC (70 years)

Philonides of Laodicea in Syria, was an Epicurean philosopher and mathematician who lived in the Seleucid court during the reigns of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Demetrius I Soter. He is known principally from a Life of Philonides, which was discovered among the charred papyrus scrolls at the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum. Philonides was born into a family with good connections with the Seleucid court. He is said to have been taught by Eudemus and Dionysodorus the mathematician. Philonides attempted to convert Antiochus IV Epiphanes to Epicureanism, and later instructed his nephew, Demetrius I Soter, in philosophy.

#14011

Asclepiodotus

100 BC - Present (2126 years)

Asclepiodotus Tacticus , also known as Asclepiodotus, was a Greek writer and philosopher known for his treatise on military tactics. Life Little is known about the life of Asclepiodiotus. The Greek manuscripts read “ Asclepiodotus the Philosopher” and he has been identified with the Asclepiodotus mentioned by Seneca in his Naturales quaestiones. Seneca quotes Asclepiodotus on matters of natural history and also reports that he was a student of Posidonius, who, as mentioned by Aelianus Tacticus, also wrote a treatise on military tactics. If Asclepiodotus was indeed the student of Posidonius, h...

#14012

Phaenias of Eresus

Phaenias of Eresus

400 BC - 360 BC (40 years)

Phaenias of Eresus was a Greek philosopher from Lesbos, important as an immediate follower of and commentator on Aristotle. He came to Athens about 332 BCE, and joined his compatriot, Theophrastus, in the Peripatetic school. His writings on logic and science appear to have been commentaries or supplements to the works of Aristotle and Theophrastus. He also wrote extensively on history. His works have only survived in fragments quoted by other authors.

#14013

Antipater of Cyrene

400 BC - 360 BC (40 years)

Antipater of Cyrene was one of the disciples of the philosopher Aristippus, the founder of the Cyrenaic school of philosophy. He had a pupil called Epitimedes of Cyrene. According to Cicero, he was blind, and when some women bewailed the fact, he replied, "What do you mean? Do you think the night can furnish no pleasure?"

#14014

Philiscus of Aegina

350 BC - 400 BC (-50 years)

Philiscus of Aegina was a Cynic philosopher from Aegina, who lived in the latter half of the 4th century BC. He was the son of Onesicritus who sent Philiscus and his younger brother, Androsthenes, to Athens where they were so charmed by the philosophy of Diogenes of Sinope that Onesicritus also came to Athens and became his disciple. According to Hermippus of Smyrna, Philiscus was the pupil of Stilpo. He is also described as an associate of Phocion. The Suda claims that he was a teacher of Alexander the Great, but no other ancient writer mentions this. Aelian, though, has preserved a short ex...

#14015

Robert Saitschick

1868 - 1965 (97 years)

Robert Saitschick or Robert Saitschik was a Swiss philosopher. He grew up in Warsaw, where his father Morduch Zaitchik became a merchant. After graduating from the 8th grade of the 5th Warsaw gymnasium he became a member of a revolutionary circle, which led to a legal action against him in 1887 over spreading of a revolutionary poem. He left Warsaw in late December of that year and moved to Vienna.

#14016

Richard Wilton

Richard Wilton was an English scholastic philosopher. Works His works included:a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard;a treatise in five books against the heresies of his own age;commentaries on the Book of Genesis and the prophecies of Jeremiah;three books of quodlibets;a treatise on the immortality of the soul;four books on Divine grace.

#14017

Theodorus of Asine

275 - 360 (85 years)

Theodorus of Asine was a Neoplatonist philosopher, and a native of one of the towns which bore the name of Asine, probably Asine in Laconia. He was a disciple of Iamblichus, and one of the most eminent of the Neoplatonists. Proclus repeatedly mentions him in his commentaries on Plato, and frequently adds to his name some laudatory epithet,"the great," "the admirable," "the noble." He wrote a work on the soul, now lost. It is cited by Nemesius of Emesa in his De Natura Hominis.

#14018

Theodor Sternberg

1878 - 1950 (72 years)

Theodor Hermann Sternberg was a German legal philosopher serving as a foreign advisor in Meiji period Japan, where he was an important contributor to the development of civil law in Japan. Biography Born in Berlin, Sternberg served as an instructor at Tokyo Imperial University from 1913 to 1918. He also lectured on occasion at Meiji University, and other major Japanese universities, speaking on civil law, criminal law and jurisprudence.

#14019

Timolaus of Cyzicus

Timolaus of Cyzicus was one of Plato's students. Cyzicus is an ancient city of Mysia, located in the northwest of Asia Minor.

#14020

Timycha

400 BC - 400 BC (0 years)

Timycha of Sparta , was a Pythagorean philosopher mentioned by Iamblichus in his Life of Pythagoras: The temperance also of those men, and how Pythagoras taught this virtue, may be learnt from what Hippobotus and Neanthes narrate of Myllias and Timycha who were Pythagoreans. For they say that Dionysius the tyrant could not obtain the friendship of any one of the Pythagoreans, though he did every thing to accomplish his purpose; for they had observed, and carefully avoided his monarchical disposition. He sent therefore to the Pythagoreans, a troop of thirty soldiers, under the command of Eurym...

#14021

Zenodotus

500 - Present (1526 years)

Zenodotus was a Neoplatonist philosopher who lived and taught in Athens. He was described as "the darling of Proclus." Zenodotus served under Marinus of Neapolis when Marinus succeeded Proclus as the head of the school . He was a teacher of Damascius when he came to Athens to learn philosophy . Whereas Marinus taught mathematics and scientific courses to Damascius, Zenodotus taught the more conventional philosophy courses. He was an important philosopher in Athens during the time when Marinus and Hegias were contending for the leadership of the school, but he seems to have been overlooked a...

#14022

Ralph of Longchamp

1155 - 1215 (60 years)

Ralph of Longchamp was a scholastic philosopher of the 13th century, known also as a physician and natural philosopher. He taught at Oxford and possibly at Paris. He was a pupil of Alain of Lille and wrote a commentary on Alain's poem Anticlaudianus, in about 1212.

#14023

Nicolas Antoine Boulanger

1722 - 1759 (37 years)

Nicolas Antoine Boulanger was a French philosopher and man of letters during the Age of Enlightenment. Biography Born the son of a paper merchant in Paris, Boulanger studied first mathematics, and later ancient languages. He composed several philosophical works in which he sought to come up with naturalistic explanations for superstitions and religious practices, all of which were published posthumously. His major works were Research into the Origins of Oriental Despotism and Antiquity Unveiled . Boulanger's collected works were published in 1792.

#14024

Franz Gerhard Wegeler

Franz Gerhard Wegeler

1765 - 1848 (83 years)

Franz Gerhard Wegeler was a German physician from Bonn, who, in his youth, was a close friend of composer Ludwig van Beethoven. He was the father of historian Julius Stephan Wegeler . Wegeler studied medicine at the Universities of Bonn and Vienna. After completing his studies in Austria, he returned to Bonn, where he became a tenured professor of legal medicine and obstetrics in 1789. In 1794, he fled Bonn during the French Revolutionary Wars, returning to Vienna, where he renewed his friendship with Beethoven. After spending two years in Vienna, he again returned to Bonn as an instructor an...

#14025

Václav Chaloupecký

1882 - 1951 (69 years)

Václav Chaloupecký was a Czech historian, a student of prominent Czech historian Josef Pekař and the main representative of historians in mid-war Slovakia. Life He had studied at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague . Then he had worked as an archivist and librarian in Roudnice nad Labem . In 1919, he became a state inspector of Slovak archives and libraries . In the same time, he was also a docent and professor of the Czechoslovak history at Comenius University. He held several academic positions e.g. dean and vice-dean of the Faculty of Arts, rector and vice-rector of the university.

#14026

Otto Klemm

1884 - 1939 (55 years)

Gustav Otto Klemm was a German psychologist and philosopher, as well as the first chair as Professor of Applied Psychology at the University of Leipzig. While his psychological work is largely irrelevant today, Klemm is one of the best-known representatives of the Leipzig School of Gestalt psychology. His studies on human motor, which were carried out under his guidance, had scientific validity, both in terms of their findings as well as the careful methodology. He is next to Nikolai Alexandrovich Bernstein among the first researchers who have studied the phenomenon of variability of partial ...

#14027

Pedro Jimeno

1515 - 1551 (36 years)

Pedro Jimeno was a Valencian anatomist. Jimeno was born around 1515 in Valencia or in Onda. He first studied the arts at the University of Valencia and then medicine under Andreas Vesalius at the University of Padua. Upon his return to Valencia, he succeeded Pedro Jaime Esteve in the chair of anatomy in 1547. In 1549, he became chair of practical medicine . In 1550, transferred to the University of Alcalá, where he taught until his death shortly after.

#14028

Ibraghim Muminov

Ibraghim Muminov

1908 - 1974 (66 years)

#14029

Hjalmar Heiberg

Hjalmar Heiberg

1837 - 1897 (60 years)

Hjalmar Heiberg was a Norwegian physician and a professor at the University of Oslo. Biography He was born in Christiania , Norway. He was the son of physician Christen Heiberg. His father was professor in surgery and general practitioner at the National Hospital . He received his cand.med. in 1862. Heiberg was Professor of Pathological Anatomy at the University of Christiania and from 1859 worked was an assistant to Emanuel Winge at the National Hospital as a pathologist and bacteriologist researcher.

#14030

Takeya Hiroshi

1875 - 1941 (66 years)

Takeya Hiroshi was a professor and physician in Japan. He was the second professor of internal medicine section of Kyushu University. In 1923, he firstly introduced the insulin suppression in diabetical regimenn in Japan.

#14031

Carl Gottlieb Peschel

Carl Gottlieb Peschel

1798 - 1879 (81 years)

Carl Gottlieb Peschel was a German painter. He was a member of the Nazarene movement. Biography Beginning in 1812, he became a student at the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts. When Carl Christian Vogel von Vogelstein was commissioned to paint the ceilings at the Schloss Pillnitz, Peschel worked as his assistant. He inherited part of his father's military pension and used the money to finance a study trip to Rome with his friend Adolf Zimmermann in 1825-1826. When he returned home, he supported himself by giving drawing lessons and painting snuff cans. After the Saxon Art Association bought his pa...

#14032

Eduard Heinrich Henoch

Eduard Heinrich Henoch

1820 - 1910 (90 years)

Eduard Heinrich Henoch was a German physician. He taught at the Berlin University . Henoch was of Jewish descent, and was the nephew of Moritz Heinrich Romberg. Work After taking the degree of M.D. at Berlin , he began to practise as a specialist in diseases of children. Until 1850 he was assistant at the children's dispensary of the university. In that year he became privat-docent; in 1858, assistant professor. In 1872 Henoch became director of the hospital and dispensary of the department of pediatrics at the Charité. In 1893 he resigned that position, received the title of Medicinalrath, a...

#14033

Subodh Mitra

1896 - 1961 (65 years)

Dr. Subodh Mitra M.D., F.R.C.S., F.R.C.O.G. was an eminent obstretrician and gynecologist in India. He is the founder of the "Mitra operation" for cervical cancer. Brief biography He was born on 1 November 1896 in Jessore . He graduated from the University of Calcutta in 1922. He saw the plight of female patients as an undergraduate and took up the Obstetrics and Gynecology as his career. He has gone to Germany and completed post graduation in Obstetrics and Gynecology in 2 years. He got M.D. from Berlin University in 1924. He went to Edinburgh and did his Fellowship of the Royal College of Surgeons in 1925 and F.R.C.O.G.

#14034

George Frederick Armstrong

1842 - 1900 (58 years)

George Frederick Armstrong, , was a distinguished 19th century English academic specialising in railway, civil, and sanitary engineering who served as the Regius Professor of Engineering at the University of Edinburgh. Over the course of his life he became a member of many learned societies and the author of many papers and lectures.

#14035

William Dandridge Peck

1763 - 1822 (59 years)

William Dandridge Peck was an American naturalist, the first native-born entomologist and a pioneer in the field of economic entomology. In 1806 he became the first professor of natural history at Harvard, a position he held until his death in 1822.

#14036

Walter Bayley

1529 - 1593 (64 years)

Walter Bayley , was an English physician. Life Bayley, called in Latin Bailæus and in English books also Baley and Baily, was born at Portesham, Dorset, in which county his father was a squire. He was educated at Winchester School, and became a fellow of New College in 1550. He graduated M.B. 1557, and M.D. 1563. He was already in holy orders, and was a canon of Wells until 1579. In 1561 he had been appointed regius professor of physic at Oxford University.

#14037

Adolf Ferdinand Weinhold

1841 - 1917 (76 years)

Adolf Ferdinand Weinhold was a German chemist, physician and inventor. Life From 1857 to 1861 Weinhold studied chemistry and physics at universities in Göttingen and in Leipzig. His mentors were Otto Linné Erdmann and Friedrich Wöhler. In Germany, Weinhold worked after university studies as chemist and physician. He was appointed professor at Chemnitz University of Technology in 1870. In 1873 he was granted a D. Phil from the University of Leipzig.

#14038

Ferdinand Victor Alphons Prosch

1820 - 1885 (65 years)

Ferdinand Victor Alphons Prosch was a Danish doctor, veterinarian and biologist. Prosch's father, Johannes Henrik William Prosch was a secretary in the Danish War Chancery and his mother, Caroline Sophie was French. In 1837 Prosch was a student at the Metropolitan School in Copenhagen and by 1843 he had taken his medical exams. Between 1843 and 1846 Prosch was employed by the university as a prosector, i.e. a preparer of specimens for dissection in the university's Zoological museum.

#14039

Guillaume Cop

1461 - 1532 (71 years)

Guillaume Cop , born in Basel in the 1460s, died in Paris on 2 December 1532, was a Renaissance physician and humanist. Biography He matriculated as a student of the University of Basel in the winter of 1478/79. His tutor was Johannes Heberling of Schwäbisch Gmünd, an enthusiastic listener of Johannes Reuchlin . In his native town he received his license, master of arts, and devoted himself for three years to the study of medicine. After no doubt staying in other cities, he reached Paris around 1488 and enrolled in the faculty of medicine. He received a bachelor's degree in medicine on 19 March 1492, dismissed on 13 April 1496 , then doctor on the following 17 May.

#14040

Andrzej Janikowski

Andrzej Janikowski

1799 - 1864 (65 years)

Andrzej Janikowski was a Russian Empire ethnic Polish medical doctor and professor of theoretical surgery at the University of Warsaw, a pioneer of forensic medicine in Poland of the nineteenth century.

#14041

Walter Georgi

1871 - 1924 (53 years)

Walter Georgi was a German painter and illustrator; known for his female portraits. Life and work His father, the jurist , was elected Mayor of Leipzig when Walter was five years old. From 1882 to 1888, he attended the . In 1890, he took lessons at the local Academy of Fine Arts, then transferred to the Dresden Academy of Fine Arts, where he studied with Leon Pohle. Finally, in 1893, he enrolled at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich. His primary instructor there was Paul Hoecker.

#14042

Alexis Boyer

1757 - 1833 (76 years)

Alexis Boyer was a French surgeon, born in Corrèze. He was the son of a tailor, and he obtained his first medical knowledge in the shop of a barber surgeon. When he moved to Paris, he had the good fortune to attract the attention of renowned surgeons Antoine Louis and Pierre-Joseph Desault . Boyer persevered at his profession, and became notorious for his anatomical knowledge and surgical dexterity. At the age of 37 he was appointed second surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu in Paris. On the establishment of the École de Sante, he was named chair of operative surgery, but soon exchanged it for the chair of clinical surgery.

#14043

Pehr von Afzelius

Pehr von Afzelius

1760 - 1843 (83 years)

Pehr von Afzelius was a Swedish medical doctor and professor in Uppsala. Afzelius was the brother of botanist Adam Afzelius, chemist Johan Afzelius, and doctoral advisor of Jacob Berzelius. From 1777 to 1781 he studied at Uppsala University, and in February 1784 began a lengthy study trip, in which he visited several European universities, most notably in Paris and Edinburgh. During the Russo-Swedish War , he served in Finland as a Life Guards regimental doctor. In 1801 he succeeded Johan Gustaf Acrel as professor of medicine at Uppsala, where he twice served as university rector . In 1820 he...

#14044

Maximilian Schwedler

1853 - 1940 (87 years)

Maximilian Schwedler was a German flutist, flute maker and music editor and historian. He was influential as Germany's last major advocate for the conical-bore flute, for which he made many improvements. In 1898 he received a patent for the Reformflöte "System Schwedler-Kruspe" , also known as the Reform flute.

#14045

Alfred Leber

1881 - 1954 (73 years)

Alfred Theodor Leber was a German ophthalmologist born in Antwerp. He was a nephew of renowned ophthalmologist Theodor Leber . Alfred Leber is considered to be the founder of German tropical ophthalmology.

#14046

Ernst Pflüger

1846 - 1903 (57 years)

Ernst Pflüger was a Swiss ophthalmologist. In 1870 he received his medical doctorate at the University of Bern, then furthered his education in ophthalmology at Utrecht University with Franciscus Donders and at the University of Vienna with Carl Ferdinand von Arlt. Afterwards, he worked as an eye doctor in Lucerne, and in 1876 became an associate professor and successor to Henri Dor at the University of Bern. From 1879 up until his death in 1903, he was a full professor of ophthalmology at the university.

#14047

Johann Nikolaus Stupanus

1542 - 1621 (79 years)

Johann Nikolaus Stupanus was an Italian-Swiss physician, known also as a translator. He was the father of Emmanuel Stupanus . Life He was originally from Pontresina, and joined the faculty of medicine at the University of Basel. He taught theoretical medicine there from 1589 to 1620 and developed a systematic medical semiology.

#14048

Józef Czajkowski

1872 - 1947 (75 years)

Józef Czajkowski; 21 January 1872, in Warsaw – 27 July 1947, in Warsaw Czajowski's arts in all forms sought to distill and improve upon that which was best about Polish tradition, and his aim was to celebrate the culture of the people his art served. He wrote, in 1928, "Poland has been politically resurrected and it shall be reborn internally as well, and as such it must find its visual mode of expression. [...] It was through art that Poland endured from within during the invasion, and it is through art in these times of freedom that it must win the place it deserves in the world of culture, bringing in its own creative values.

#14049

Karl Wessely

1860 - 1931 (71 years)

Karl Wessely was an Austrian palaeographer and papyrus scholar. He examined manuscripts housed at the Austrian National Library and in other important European libraries . Works auf Papyrus, Wiener Studien 4 , 198-214.Analekten. 1. Neue Evangelien-Fragmente auf Papyrus Wiener Studien 7 .ad papyrorum graecorum novam collectionem edendam zu einigen Publicationen auf dem Gebiete der älteren griechischen Paläographie Papyrus Erzherzog Rainer. Führer durch die Ausstellung, Wien 1894.haben die alten Römer geschrieben? plus anciens monuments du christianisme, Patrologia Orientalis IV, 2, .Ein fayum...

#14050

Johannes Andreas Schmitz

1621 - 1652 (31 years)

Johannes Andreas Schmitz was a German physician and the third rector of the University of Harderwijk. Life Schmitz studied medicine in Groningen , Leiden , and Angers. He served as personal physician to Frederick William I, Elector of Brandenburg, and as city physician in Harderwijk . He became Professor of Medicine and rector of the University of Harderwijk. He married Gertrud Kumpsthoff and had a son Johann Dietrich Schmitz , who became mayor of Cleves, and a daughter Sophia .

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