The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,
#14201
Joshua Chamberlain
1828 - 1914 (86 years)
Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain was an American college professor from Maine who volunteered during the American Civil War to join the Union Army. He became a highly respected and decorated Union officer, reaching the rank of brigadier general . He is best known for his gallantry at the Battle of Gettysburg, for which he was awarded the Medal of Honor.
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Janet Niven
1902 - 1974 (72 years)
Janet Simpson Ferguson Niven FCPath, was a British histologist and pathologist. Janet Niven graduated from the University of Glasgow with a first class Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery degree in 1925. She was the first woman to win the Brunton Memorial Prize, awarded to the most distinguished medical graduate each year. During her time working at the University of Glasgow, she was awarded the Faulds Research Fellowship , the McCunn Scholarship , and the Carnegie Research Fellowship . In 1932, she was awarded an MD for her research on tissue culture and became a lecturer in the Pathology Department , as well as working as an assistant pathologist at the Western Infirmary.
Go to Profile#14203
Choe Chung
984 - 1068 (84 years)
#14204
Theophil Mitchell Prudden
1849 - 1924 (75 years)
Theophil Mitchell Prudden was an American pathologist, born in Middlebury, Connecticut. He graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School, Yale, in 1872 and received his M. D. from Yale School of Medicine in 1875. He became an assistant and was professor of pathology in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University. In 1901 he was made a director of the Rockefeller Institute for medical research.
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Vera Gedroits
1876 - 1932 (56 years)
Vera Gedroits was born in 1870 in Slobodische, Russia. She was not allowed to study in Russia after her involvement in a controversial student movement. In order to secure her education, she married Nikolai Belozerov (despite being open about her lesbianism) to secure a passport under her married name to immigrate to Switzerland and study at the University of Lausanne. Gedroits studied to become a surgeon and received her degree as a Doctor of Medicine and Surgery in 1898. After completing her studies, her family asked her to return to Russia as her sister had recently died and her mother was in poor health.
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Harry L. Fisher
1885 - 1961 (76 years)
Harry Linn Fisher was the 69th national president of the American Chemical Society, and an authority on the chemistry of vulcanization. Fisher was the author of four popular books on the chemistry and technology of rubber, and the holder of 50 patents.
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Marcel Junod
1904 - 1961 (57 years)
Marcel Junod was a Swiss medical doctor and one of the most accomplished field delegates in the history of the International Committee of the Red Cross . After medical school and a short position as a surgeon in Mulhouse, France, he became an ICRC delegate and was deployed in Ethiopia during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War, in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, and in Europe as well as in Japan during World War II. In 1947, he wrote a book with the title Warrior without Weapons about his experiences. After the war, he worked for the United Nations Children's Fund as chief representative in China, and settled back in Europe in 1950.
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Carl Posner
1854 - 1928 (74 years)
Carl Posner was a German urologist. Posner was born in Berlin. He studied natural sciences and medicine at several German universities, receiving his PhD at Leipzig in 1875 and his medical doctorate at Giessen in 1880. Afterwards, he settled into a medical practice in Berlin, and in the meantime, received training in urology as a private assistant to Ernst Fürstenheim . In 1889 he obtained his habilitation, and shortly afterwards worked as a lecturer at Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität in Berlin, where in 1903 he became an associate professor of internal medicine. He died in Berlin, aged 74.
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Paul Zweifel
1848 - 1927 (79 years)
Paul Zweifel was a German gynecologist and physiologist. In 1876 he proved that the fetus was metabolically active. Biography Zweifel was born in Switzerland; his father was a physician. He was educated at the University of Zürich , studying under Adolf Gusserow . In 1871, he received the venia legendi at the University of Strassburg, where he had already become an assistant in the gynecological institute. At Strassburg, he conducted studies on the physiology of the fetus and placenta in Felix Hoppe-Seyler's institute. In 1876 he was appointed professor of gynecology at the University of Erlangen.
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Friedrich Trautwein
1888 - 1956 (68 years)
Friedrich Trautwein was a German engineer. Trautwein developed the Trautonium and is considered a pioneer of electronic music in Germany. Life As a child, Friedrich Trautwein learned to play the organ in church. He studied electrical engineering at the Technical University of Karlsruhe, followed by law and physics in Berlin and Heidelberg. In 1906, he joined the Teutonia fraternity in Karlsruhe.
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Thomas Benton Cooley
1871 - 1945 (74 years)
Thomas Benton Cooley was an American pediatrician and hematologist and professor of hygiene and medicine at the University of Michigan and Wayne State University. He was the director of the Pasteur Institute at the University of Michigan from 1903 to 1904. He worked in private practice in Detroit as the city's first pediatrician starting in 1905. He worked with the Babies' Milk Fund and helped to reduce Detroit's high infant mortality rate in the 1900s and 1910s. During World War I, Cooley went to France as the assistant chief of the Children's Bureau of the American Red Cross. He was decorated in 1924 with the cross of the Legion of Honor for his work in France.
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William Parks
1868 - 1936 (68 years)
William Arthur Parks was a Canadian geologist and paleontologist, following in the tradition of Lawrence Lambe. Parks was born in Hamilton, Ontario. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in 1892, Parks joined the University of Toronto's staff, where he taught geology, paleontology, and mineralogy. He went on to earn a PhD in 1900. He wrote 80 scientific papers in his lifetime. Parks died in Toronto, Ontario, in 1936.
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George Edward Post
1838 - 1909 (71 years)
George Edward Post was an American surgeon, academic and botanist. Biography George Edward Post was born in New York City on December 17, 1838, the son of Alfred Charles Post. He was a Professor of Surgery at the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut, which became the American University of Beirut . He had originally graduated from University College of New York.
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Arthur Schwartz
1900 - 1984 (84 years)
Arthur Schwartz was an American composer and film producer, widely noted for his songwriting collaborations with Howard Dietz. Biography Early life Schwartz was born to a Jewish family in Brooklyn, New York City, on November 25, 1900. He taught himself to play the harmonica and piano as a child, and began playing for silent films at age 14. He earned a B.A. in English at New York University and an M.A. in Architecture at Columbia. Forced by his father, an attorney, to study law, Schwartz graduated from NYU Law School with a Juris Doctor and was admitted to the bar in 1924.
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Wilhelm Rust
1822 - 1892 (70 years)
Wilhelm Rust was a German musicologist and composer. He is most noted today for his substantial contributions to the Bach Gesellschaft edition of the works of Johann Sebastian Bach. Born in Dessau, Rust studied piano and organ with his uncle Wilhelm Karl Rust, and later under Friedrich Schneider . From 1845 to 1848 he was music teacher in a Hungarian nobleman's family. He went to Berlin in 1849, where he taught and joined the Singakademie in 1850. He joined the Leipzig Bach-Verein in 1850, and played in numerous concerts. He became organist of St. Luke's in 1861, conductor of the Berlin Bach-Verein from 1862 to 1874, and Royal Music Director in 1864.
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Aonio Paleario
1503 - 1570 (67 years)
Aonio Paleario was an Italian Christian termed a reformer. Life He was born about 1500 at Veroli, in the Roman Campagna. Other forms of his name are Antonio Della Paglia, A. Degli Pagliaricci. In 1520 he went to Rome, where he entered the brilliant literary circle of Leo X. When Charles of Bourbon stormed Rome in 1527, Paleario went first to Perugia and then to Siena, where he settled as a teacher of Greek and Hebrew.
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John Adamson
1809 - 1870 (61 years)
John Adamson was a Scottish physician, pioneer photographer, physicist, lecturer and museum curator. He was a highly respected figure in St Andrews, and was responsible for producing the first calotype portrait in Scotland in 1841. He taught the process to his brother, the famous pioneering photographer Robert Adamson. He was curator of the Literary and Philosophical Society Museum at St Andrews from 1838 until his death.
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Johann von Wowern
1574 - 1612 (38 years)
Johann von Wowern was a German statesman, philologist, and lawyer. He is known for his 1603 work De Polymathia tractatio: integri operis de studiis veterum, the first work in Western Europe to use the term "polymath" in its title. Wowern defined polymathy as "knowledge of various matters, drawn from all kinds of studies ... ranging freely through all the fields of the disciplines, as far as the human mind, with unwearied industry, is able to pursue them". Von Wowern lists erudition, literature, philology, philomathy and polyhistory as synonyms.
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William of Marseille
William of Marseille was a thirteenth-century English academic, teaching in France. He is known for the medical-astrological treatise De urina non visa. The method is to use a horoscope to deduce properties of the urine of a patient for diagnosis, when the urine itself cannot be obtained. This book was still used at the University of Bologna in 1405.
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Claude Rogers
1907 - 1979 (72 years)
Claude Maurice Rogers was a British painter of portraits and landscapes, an influential art teacher, a founding member of the Euston Road School and at one time the President of the London Group of British artists.
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Raymond Cazallis Davis
1836 - 1919 (83 years)
Raymond Cazallis Davis was the chief librarian at the University of Michigan for 28 years. He was the first to offer a course at a college in bibliography. Early life Davis was born in Cushing, Maine, on June 23, 1836. His parents were George Davis and Catherine Davis. His father is of English and Welsh ancestry and his mother of Scotch and Irish. Davis's father was a sea captain. In 1849 when Davis was 13 years old his mother died. His father then took him on a two-year world tour.
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Hermann Friedberg
1817 - 1884 (67 years)
Hermann Friedberg was a German physician from Rosenberg , Silesia. He studied at the universities of Berlin, Vienna, Prague, Paris, and Breslau, receiving from the last-named the degree of doctor of medicine in 1840. From 1849 to 1852 he was an assistant at the surgical hospital of the University of Berlin, and in 1852 was admitted as a privatdozent in surgery and pharmacology to the medical faculty of the Berlin University, at the same time conducting a private hospital for the treatment of surgical and ophthalmological diseases. In 1866 he was appointed professor of pharmacology at the Univ...
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Sextus Otto Lindberg
1835 - 1889 (54 years)
Sextus Otto Lindberg was a Swedish physician and botanist, known as a bryologist. Life He was born in Stockholm, and educated in Uppsala. He worked in the Grand Duchy of Finland, then part of the Russian Empire. He became professor of botany, and dean of the physics-mathematics faculty, at the University of Helsingfors.
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Ernst Kohlschütter
1837 - 1905 (68 years)
Ernst Otto Heinrich Kohlschütter was a German physician born in Dresden. He was the father of astronomer Arnold Kohlschütter . The son of Dr. Otto Kohlschütter , he studied medicine at the University of Leipzig. In 1862 he earned his doctorate with an influential dissertation on "sleep depth" titled Messungen der Festigkeit des Schlafes. With help from Theodor Weber , he was able to remain in Leipzig as an assistant at the university polyclinic. Later on, he received his habilitation at the University of Halle, becoming a privat-docent of internal medicine and subsequently a lecturer in balne...
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Charles Minnigerode
1814 - 1894 (80 years)
Charles Frederick Ernest Minnigerode was a German-born American professor and clergyman who is credited with introducing the Christmas tree to Williamsburg. He was professor of Latin and Greek at the College of William and Mary from 1842 to 1848. A Lutheran, Minnigerode became an Episcopalian. In 1845, he submitted himself as a candidate for the priesthood. The following year at Bruton Parish Church, Bishop John Johns ordained him to the transitional diaconate; and then to the priesthood in 1847.
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Pieter Gillis
1486 - 1533 (47 years)
Pieter Gillis , known by his anglicised name Peter Giles and sometimes the Latinised Petrus Ægidius, was a humanist, printer, and secretary to the city of Antwerp in the early sixteenth century. He is most famous as a friend and supporter of Desiderius Erasmus and Thomas More. He seemed to have recommended the painter Hans Holbein the Younger to the court of England, where Thomas More received him delighted. Thomas More's Utopia, although fictional, includes Pieter Gillis as a character in Book I. More dedicated Utopia to Gillis, who may have designed the Utopian alphabet. They first met whe...
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Curtis Bernhardt
1899 - 1981 (82 years)
Curtis Bernhardt was a German film director born in Worms, Germany, under the name Kurt Bernhardt. Career He trained as an actor in Germany, and performed on the stage, before starting as a film director in 1924, with Nameless Heroes. Other films include A Stolen Life and Sirocco .
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James Boevey
1622 - 1696 (74 years)
James Boevey was an English merchant, lawyer and philosopher of Huguenot parentage. Origins He was born in London at 6 a.m. on 7 May 1622 in Mincing Lane, in the parish of St. Dunstan-in-the-East. He was the youngest son of Andreas Boevey by his second wife Joanna der Wilde , daughter of Peter der Wilde. Andreas Boevey was a Dutch Huguenot from Courtrai in Flanders who had been brought to England aged 7 by his Huguenot parents following the invasion of the Low Countries by the Duke of Alva and the Duke's subsequent persecutions. Andreas had nine children by his first wife Esther Fenn and two by his second wife, the eldest of whom was James.
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Marek Gatty-Kostyal
1886 - 1965 (79 years)
Marek Gatty-Kostyal was a Polish chemist and pharmacist, known for his many contributions to pharmaceutical science.
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Miriam E. Carey
1858 - 1937 (79 years)
Miriam Eliza Carey was an American librarian who helped establish the first libraries in prisons and hospitals in Iowa and Minnesota. Education and career Carey studied at Rockford Seminary , Oberlin College, Ohio and the library school of the University of Illinois, .
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John White
1756 - 1832 (76 years)
John White was an Irish surgeon and botanical collector. Biography White was born in the townland of Drumaran, near Belcoo, in County Fermanagh in Ulster, the northern province in Ireland, about 1756, and not, as stated in the Dictionary of Australian Biography and the Australian Dictionary of Biography, in Sussex, England. On 18 June 1778 John White qualified as a surgeon's mate, first rate, following examination at the Company of Surgeons in London. He entered the Royal Navy on 26 June 1778 as surgeon's mate aboard . He was promoted surgeon in 1780, serving aboard until 1786 when Sir Andr...
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Otto Gussmann
1869 - 1926 (57 years)
Otto Friedrich Gussmann was a German decorative artist, designer, and art professor. Biography His father was a pastor. After completing secondary school, he began an apprenticeship with a decorative painter in Stuttgart. He also took classes at the Kunstgewerbeschule . In 1892, he moved to the teaching institute at the Kunstgewerbemuseum Berlin. Four years later, he began studying at the Berlin Academy of Fine Arts.
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William Polk
1758 - 1834 (76 years)
Colonel William Polk was a North Carolina banker, educational administrator, political leader, renowned Continental officer in the War for American Independence, and survivor of the 1777/1778 encampment at Valley Forge.
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Olav Gurvin
1893 - 1974 (81 years)
Olav Gurvin was a Norwegian musicologist, a professor at the University of Oslo from 1957. He co-edited the first Norwegian music encyclopedia in 1949, and edited the magazine Norsk Musikkliv from 1942 to 1951.
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Alexander Anderson
1748 - 1811 (63 years)
Alexander Anderson was a Scottish surgeon, explorer and botanist who worked as Superintendent to the Botanical Garden on the Windward Island of Saint Vincent from 1785 to 1811. Early life and education Born in Aberdeen, Anderson later studied at the University of Edinburgh, where he was tutored by William Cullen and John Hope . Fellow Aberdonian William Forsyth briefly employed him at the Chelsea Physic Garden in London, prior to Anderson's emigration to New York in 1774, where he stayed with his brother John, a printer. After a petition was lodged by physicians William Wright and Thomas C...
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Arthur Trebitsch
1880 - 1927 (47 years)
Arthur Trebitsch was an Austrian writer and racial theorist, known for being an antisemite of Jewish origin. He offered his services to help the fledgling Nazis to write their antisemitic literature, and was an influence on the early development of the Austrian branch of the Nazi party.
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Alida Avery
1833 - 1908 (75 years)
Alida Avery was an American physician and Vassar College faculty member. In Colorado, she was thought to be the first woman licensed to practice medicine in the state. She was also the Superintendent of Hygiene for Colorado. Avery was among the first women first admitted to the Denver Medical Society.
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Daniel of Morley
1140 - 1210 (70 years)
Daniel of Morley was an English scholastic philosopher and astronomer. Life He apparently came from Morley, Norfolk, and is said to have been educated at Oxford. Thence he proceeded to the University of Paris, and applied himself especially to the study of mathematics, but dissatisfied with the teaching there he left for Toledo, then famous for its school of Arabian philosophy. At Toledo, he remained for some time.
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André of Neufchâteau
André of Neufchâteau was a scholastic philosopher of the fourteenth century. He was a Franciscan from Lorraine, who wrote a number of works. He earned the name Doctor Ingeniosissimus . In philosophy he opposed Nicholas of Autrecourt, and also the nominalist Augustinian Gregory of Rimini. On the dependence of natural law on divine will he followed Pierre d'Ailly.
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Lionel Newman
1916 - 1989 (73 years)
Lionel Newman was an American conductor, pianist, and film and television composer. He won the Academy Award for Best Score of a Musical Picture for Hello Dolly! with Lennie Hayton in 1969. He is the brother of Alfred Newman and Emil Newman, uncle of composers Randy Newman, David Newman, Thomas Newman, Maria Newman, and grandfather of Joey Newman. His 11 nominations contribute to the Newmans being the most nominated Academy Award extended family, with a collective 92 nominations in various music categories.
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Giovanni Camillo Maffei
Giovanni Camillo Maffei da Solofra was an Italian doctor, philosopher and musician of the mid-16th century, in the middle Renaissance. Between 1562 and 1573 he lived in Naples, where he served Giovanni di Capua, count of Altavilla and music lover. In his philosophy he was Aristotelian. He wrote a treatise on vocal music, "Lettera sul canto", in which he sets forth rules for the singing of diminutions. The letter is included in the two volumes of his Lettere also cited as Discorso delta voce e del modo d'apparare di cantar di garganta, and Scala naturale, overo Fantasia dolcissima, intorno all...
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Frank Nicholls
1699 - 1778 (79 years)
Frank Nicholls was an English physician. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1728. He was made reader of anatomy at Oxford University when young and moved to London in the 1730s. Life The second son of John Nicholls of Trereife, Cornwall, a barrister, he was born in London. He was educated at Westminster School, and went to Exeter College, Oxford, where he entered 4 March 1714, his tutor being John Haviland. Besides the classics, he studied physics; he graduated B.A. 14 November 1718, M.A. 12 June 1721, M.B. 16 February 1724, M.D. 16 March 1729.
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Thomas Case
1844 - 1925 (81 years)
Thomas Case was an English academic, philosopher, sportsman and author. Case was educated at Rugby and Balliol. He was Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford, from 1868 to 1870; Tutor at Balliol from 1870 to 1876; and on the staff of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, from then onwards. He was Waynflete Professor of Metaphysical Philosophy at Oxford from 1889 to 1910; and President of Corpus from 1904 to 1924.
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Hans Adolf Bühler
1877 - 1951 (74 years)
Hans Adolf Bühler was a German painter and National Socialist Kulturpolitiker. Life and work After an apprenticeship as a decorative painter in Schopfheim , he went to Baden-Baden and became a painter's assistant in Stuttgart. He was there for only a short time when he left to enroll at the Academy of Fine Arts, Karlsruhe, where he later became a Master Student of Hans Thoma. From 1904 to 1905, he made a study trip through Italy. He graduated in 1908 and returned to Italy; spending almost two years in Rome.
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Hermann Sahli
1856 - 1933 (77 years)
Hermann Sahli was a Swiss internist who was a native of Bern. In 1878 he earned his doctorate from the University of Bern, and subsequently became an assistant to Ludwig Lichtheim in Bern. Afterwards, he traveled to Leipzig, where he worked under Julius Friedrich Cohnheim and Carl Weigert . He returned to Bern as an assistant at Lichtheim's policlinic, and in 1888 became a professor of internal medicine. At Bern, he also served as director of the Inselspital . Sahli was involved in almost all aspects of internal medicine, and made contributions in the fields of neurology, physiology and hematology, being especially known for his work in hemodynamics.
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Gerda Matejka-Felden
1901 - 1984 (83 years)
Gerda Matejka-Felden was an Austrian painter and art teacher. Life and works Provenance and early years Gerda Felden was born at Dehlingen, a small village on the northern edge of Elsaß , which between 1871 and 1919 was a semi-detached province of Germany. Emil Felden , her father, was a Protestant pastor-theologian who had been at school with Albert Schweitzer. Commentators suspect that it may have been on account of Schweitzer's friendship and influence that after his daughter grew to adulthood, and in the immediate aftermath of the war, Emil Felden entered mainstream politics committed to social democracy and pacifism.
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Woldemar Bargiel
1828 - 1897 (69 years)
Woldemar Bargiel was a German composer and conductor of the Romantic period. Life Bargiel was born in Berlin, and was the younger maternal half-brother of Clara Schumann. Bargiel’s father Adolph was a well-known piano and voice teacher while his mother Mariane Tromlitz, a granddaughter of the famous flautist Johann Georg Tromlitz, had previously been unhappily married to Clara’s father, Friedrich Wieck. Clara was nine years older than Woldemar. Throughout their lives, they enjoyed a warm relationship. The initial opportunities which led to the success and recognition he enjoyed were due to Clara, who introduced him to both Robert Schumann and Felix Mendelssohn.
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Robert Fulford Ruttan
1856 - 1930 (74 years)
Robert Fulford Ruttan, was a Canadian chemist and university professor. Biography Born in Newburgh, Canada West, the son of Dr. Allan Ruttan, a physician, and Caroline Smith, Ruttan's family moved to Napanee around 1863. He received a Bachelor of Arts in natural science degree in 1881 from the University of Toronto. He received his M.D. in 1884 from McGill University, where he also participated in the establishment of the zeta psi fraternity. He never practiced medicine, but rather did postgraduate studies in organic chemistry with August Wilhelm von Hofmann at the University of Berlin.
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Henry Bate of Mechelen
1246 - 1310 (64 years)
Henry Bate or Hendrik Baten a.k.a. Henricus Batenus was a Flemish philosopher, theologian, astronomer, astrologer, poet, and musician. He was Master of Arts of the University of Paris before 1274. He was a pupil of Thomas Aquinas, he became a canon and cantor of the Cathedral of Saint-Lambert, Liège before 1289.
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Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali
1180 - Present (846 years)
Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali was born and raised in Trujillo to a noted Muwallad Muslim family. He received his education in Cordoba and later entered Almoravid service as a physician in Seville in Al-Andalus, he was a talented reader regarding the works of philosophy, he was thoroughly familiar with the Principles and the Branches of medical science, he was an excellent practitioner and his cures were frequently successful. He was the renowned educator of Ibn Bajjah and the young Ibn Rushd in his late years.
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