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Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines

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List of the most influential people in Philosophy,

#14301

Arthur Prior

1914 - 1969 (55 years)

Arthur Norman Prior , usually cited as A. N. Prior, was a New Zealand–born logician and philosopher. Prior founded tense logic, now also known as temporal logic, and made important contributions to intensional logic, particularly in Prior .

#14302

H. B. Acton

1908 - 1974 (66 years)

Harry Burrows Acton was an English academic in the field of political philosophy, known for books defending the morality of capitalism, and attacking Marxism-Leninism. He in particular produced arguments on the incoherence of Marxism, which he described as a 'farrago' . His book The Illusion of the Epoch, in which this appears, is a standard point of reference. Other interests were the Marquis de Condorcet, Hegel, John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer, F. H. Bradley, Bernard Bosanquet and Sidney Webb. Acton also endorsed a version of negative utilitarianism, according to which the reduction of su...

#14303

Ernest William Goodpasture

Ernest William Goodpasture

1886 - 1960 (74 years)

Ernest William Goodpasture was an American pathologist and physician. Goodpasture advanced the scientific understanding of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases, parasitism, and a variety of rickettsial and viral infections. Together with colleagues at Vanderbilt University, he invented methods for growing viruses and rickettsiae in chicken embryos and fertilized chicken eggs. This enabled the development of vaccines against influenza, chicken pox, smallpox, yellow fever, typhus, Rocky mountain spotted fever, and other diseases. He also described Goodpasture syndrome.

#14304

Haskell Curry

1900 - 1982 (82 years)

Haskell Brooks Curry was an American mathematician and logician. Curry is best known for his work in combinatory logic, which initial concept is based on a paper by Moses Schönfinkel, for which Curry did much of the development. Curry is also known for Curry's paradox and the Curry–Howard correspondence. Named for him are three programming languages: Haskell, Brook, and Curry, and the concept of currying, a method to transform functions, used in mathematics and computer science.

#14305

George Minot

1885 - 1950 (65 years)

George Richards Minot was an American medical researcher who shared the 1934 Nobel Prize with George Hoyt Whipple and William P. Murphy for their pioneering work on pernicious anemia. Early life George Richards Minot was born in Boston, Massachusetts to James Jackson Minot and Elizabeth Whitney. He was namesake of his great-great-grandfather George Richards Minot . His father was a physician; his father's cousin was anatomist Charles Sedgwick Minot ; one of his great-grandfathers was James Jackson , co-founder of Massachusetts General Hospital. He developed interest, first, in the natural sc...

#14306

Priscilla White

1900 - 1989 (89 years)

Priscilla White was a pioneer in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy and type 1 diabetes. She was also a founding member of the Joslin Diabetes Center. Biography White was born in Boston, Massachusetts but while she was a baby her parents divorced and she was living in Woolaston. She graduated from Quincy High School in Massachiusetts. She attended Radcliffe College before transferring to Tufts University Medical School, where she graduated third in her class in the year 1923. At the time, Harvard Medical School did not accept women. She served her internship at Worcester Memorial Hos...

#14307

Robert Maynard Hutchins

Robert Maynard Hutchins

1899 - 1977 (78 years)

Robert Maynard Hutchins was an American educational philosopher. He was president and chancellor of the University of Chicago, and earlier dean of Yale Law School . His first wife was the novelist Maude Hutchins. Although his father and grandfather were both Presbyterian ministerss, Hutchins became one of the most influential members of the school of secular perennialism.

#14308

William C. Stadie

1886 - 1959 (73 years)

William Christopher Stadie was a researcher, a Diabetes specialist. He was John Herr Musser Emeritus Professor of Research Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. He also served as an editor of the Diabetes, the journal of the American Diabetes Association. Other distinctions included: honorary degree of the University of Pennsylvania, the Phillips Medal of the American College of Physicians , the Kober Medal for 1955 from the Association of American Physicians and the Banting Medal of the American Diabetes Association. He was also elected to the United States National Academy of Sciences and the American Philosophical Society .

#14309

Lawson Wilkins

1894 - 1963 (69 years)

Lawson Wilkins was a pioneering pediatric endocrinologist. He is known along with John Money for pioneering surgeries for visibly intersex newborns. Honors Borden Award, American Academy of Pediatrics Amory Prize, American Academy of Arts and Sciences Koch Award, Endocrine Society John Howland Award, American Pediatric Society

#14310

Frederic Fitch

1908 - 1987 (79 years)

Frederic Brenton Fitch was an American logician, a Sterling Professor at Yale University. Education and career At Yale, Fitch earned his B.A in 1931 and his Ph.D. from Yale in 1934 under the supervision of F. S. C. Northrop. From 1934 to 1937 Fitch was a postdoc at the University of Virginia. In 1937 he returned to Yale, where he taught until his retirement in 1977.

#14311

Theodor von Brand

1899 - 1978 (79 years)

Theodor von Brand , full name Theodor Kurt Freiherr von Brand zu Neidstein, was a German American parasitologist. Theodor von Brand is a descendant of the German noble family von Brand. His mother Diana von Brandt was a née Freiin von Hirsch from a Jewish German noble family.

#14312

Virginia Barbour

Virginia M. Barbour is a professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, and serves as the Director of the Australasian Open Access Strategy Group. She is best known for being one of the three founding editors of PLOS Medicine, and her various roles in championing the open access movement.

#14313

Marc Cantin

1933 - 1990 (57 years)

Marc Cantin was a Canadian Québécois doctor and professor. His studies were completed at Laval University in Quebec and at the University of Chicago. He was a professor at the University of Montreal and at McGill University and worked with the doctor Hans Selye. In 1980, he began to direct the hypertension research group at the Institute of clinical research at Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

#14314

Sadaf Farooqi

1900 - Present (126 years)

Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi is a Wellcome Trust Senior Research fellow in Clinical Science, professor of Metabolism and Medicine at the University of Cambridge and a consultant physician at Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, UK.

#14315

John Herman Randall Jr.

1899 - 1980 (81 years)

John Herman Randall Jr. was an American philosopher, New Thought author, and educator. Early life Randall was born on February 14, 1899, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The son of John Herman Randall Sr., a Baptist minister, he obtained his A.B. from Columbia University in 1918. He obtained an A.M. the following year and a PhD in 1922, with a dissertation titled "The Problem of Group Responsibility to Society". He was influenced by a close group of friends, including James Gutmann, Horace Fries, Herbert Schneider and Irwin Edman. Other influences were his teacher John Dewey, Frederick J. E. Woodbridge, John J.

#14316

Roy Wood Sellars

1880 - 1973 (93 years)

Roy Wood Sellars was a Canadian-born American philosopher of critical realism and religious humanism, and a proponent of naturalistic emergent evolution . Sellars received his B.A. and Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, where he taught for over 40 years. He is the father of Wilfrid Sellars.

#14317

George Devereux

George Devereux

1908 - 1985 (77 years)

Georges Devereux was a Hungarian-French ethnologist and psychoanalyst, often considered the founder of ethnopsychiatry. He was born into a Jewish family in the Banat, Austria-Hungary . His family moved to France following World War I. He studied the Malayan language in Paris, completing work at the Institut d'Ethnologie. In 1933 he converted to Catholicism and changed his name to Georges Devereux. At that time, he traveled for the first time to the United States to do fieldwork among the Mohave Indians, completing his doctorate in anthropology at University of California at Berkeley in 1936. ...

#14318

Harry Austryn Wolfson

1887 - 1974 (87 years)

Harry Austryn Wolfson was an American scholar, philosopher, and historian at Harvard University, and the first chairman of a Judaic Studies Center in the United States. He is known for his seminal work on the Jewish philosopher Philo, but he also authored an astonishing variety of other works on Crescas, Maimonides, Averroes, Spinoza, the Kalam, the Church Fathers, and the foundations of Western religion. He collapsed the artificial barriers that isolated the study of Christian philosophy from Islamic philosophy and from Jewish philosophy . Being the first Judaica scholar to progress thr...

#14319

Lawrence H. Gipson

1880 - 1971 (91 years)

Lawrence Henry Gipson was an American historian, who won the 1950 Bancroft Prize and the 1962 Pulitzer Prize for History for volumes of his magnum opus, the fifteen-volume history of "The British Empire Before the American Revolution", published 1936–70. He was a leader of the "Imperial school" of historians who studied the British Empire from the perspective of London, and generally praised the administrative efficiency and political fairness of the Empire.

#14320

Hans Zellweger

1909 - 1990 (81 years)

Hans Ulrich Zellweger was a Swiss-American pediatrician known for his research on Zellweger syndrome. Zellweger trained in Zurich, Hamburg, Rome and Berlin and received his doctorate in Zurich in 1934, where he worked until 1950. In the 1950s he was appointed Professor at the American University in Beirut and from 1959 until his retirement in 1977, he was Professor of Paediatrics at the University of Iowa. There he performed research on neuromuscular disorders and genetic diseases and is known for his research on Zellweger syndrome which is named after him.

#14321

Eli Moschcowitz

1879 - 1964 (85 years)

Eli Moschcowitz was an American doctor best known for his role in discovering thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura , which was originally called "Moschcowitz syndrome". He is also known for having an early role in the development of psychosomatic medicine.

#14322

Ithiel de Sola Pool

Ithiel de Sola Pool

1917 - 1984 (67 years)

Ithiel de Sola Pool was an American academic who was a widely celebrated and often controversial figure in the field of social sciences and information technology. He did significant research on technology and its effects on society. He coined the term "convergence" to describe the effect of various scientific innovations on society in a futuristic world, and made predictions of ways that technology would impact society that were often prescient. In his 1983 book Technologies of Freedom, he predicted that digital electronics would allow convergence between historically separated modes of comm...

#14323

L. E. J. Brouwer

L. E. J. Brouwer

1881 - 1966 (85 years)

Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer , usually cited as L. E. J. Brouwer but known to his friends as Bertus, was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher who worked in topology, set theory, measure theory and complex analysis. Regarded as one of the greatest mathematicians of the 20th century, he is known as the founder of modern topology, particularly for establishing his fixed-point theorem and the topological invariance of dimension.

#14324

Stephen Butterfill

Stephen Andrew Butterfill is a British philosopher and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Warwick. He is known for his research on philosophical issues in cognitive and developmental psychology.

#14325

John Macleod

1876 - 1935 (59 years)

John James Rickard Macleod, , was a Scottish biochemist and physiologist. He devoted his career to diverse topics in physiology and biochemistry, but was chiefly interested in carbohydrate metabolism. He is noted for his role in the discovery and isolation of insulin during his tenure as a lecturer at the University of Toronto, for which he and Frederick Banting received the 1923 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine. Awarding the prize to Macleod was controversial at the time, because according to Banting's version of events, Macleod's role in the discovery was negligible. It was not until d...

#14326

Robert Foster Kennedy

Robert Foster Kennedy

1884 - 1952 (68 years)

Dr Robert Foster Kennedy MD FRSE was an Irish-born neurologist largely working in America. He gives his name to Foster-Kennedy syndrome, the Kaplan-Kennedy test and Kennedy's Syndrome. He was one of the first medical doctors to use electroconvulsive treatment for mental conditions and one of the first to recognise and define shell shock in the First World War.

#14327

Norwood Russell Hanson

Norwood Russell Hanson

1924 - 1967 (43 years)

Norwood Russell Hanson was an American philosopher of science. Hanson was a pioneer in advancing the argument that observation is theory-laden — that observation language and theory language are deeply interwoven — and that historical and contemporary comprehension are similarly deeply interwoven. His single most central intellectual concern was the comprehension and development of a logic of discovery.

#14328

Horace Kallen

1882 - 1974 (92 years)

Horace Meyer Kallen was a German-born American philosopher who supported pluralism and Zionism. Biography Horace Meyer Kallen was born on August 11, 1882, in the town of Bernstadt, Prussian Silesia . His parents were Jacob David Kallen, an Orthodox rabbi, and Esther Rebecca Glazier. In 1887, the family emigrated to the United States. Kallen studied philosophy at Harvard University under George Santayana; in 1903, he received a BA magna cum laude.

#14329

Leo H. Bartemeier

1895 - 1982 (87 years)

Leo Henry Bartemeier was an American physician, psychoanalyst, and educator. He was President of the American Psychiatric Association. Biography Bartemeier was born on September 12, 1895, in Muscatine, Iowa, into a Roman Catholic family. He attended the local parochial school and then enrolled in St. Mary's College , a Jesuit center, and completed two years of college. He learned shorthand and typing when working for the Associated Press. He transferred and completed college at The Catholic University of America in Washington, DC, earning a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees, following acceptance of his thesis on animal research.

#14330

Fred Weick

1899 - 1993 (94 years)

Fred Ernest Weick was an airmail pilot, research engineer, and aircraft designer. Working at the NACA, he won the 1929 Collier Trophy for his design of the NACA cowling for radial air-cooled engines. Weick's aircraft designs include the Ercoupe, Piper PA-25 Pawnee, and Cherokee.

#14331

James Bissett Pratt

1875 - 1944 (69 years)

James Bissett Pratt held the Mark Hopkins Chair of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Williams College. He was president of the American Theological Society from 1934 to 1935. Born in Elmira, New York, Pratt was the only child of Daniel Ransom Pratt and Katharine Graham Murdoch. He had an early appreciation of being read to by his mother, and particularly admired the idealism of Ralph Waldo Emerson in his youth. Pratt graduated from Elmira Free Academy in 1893, then attended Williams College, graduating in 1898.

#14332

Charles Frankel

1917 - 1979 (62 years)

Charles Frankel was an American philosopher, Assistant U.S. Secretary of State, professor and founding director of the National Humanities Center. Early life and personal life Born into a Jewish family in New York City, U.S., he was the son of Abraham Philip and Estelle Edith Frankel. After attending Cornell University, Frankel received Bachelor of Arts with honors in English and philosophy from Columbia University in 1937. He then continued his education at the same university, earning a Doctor of Philosophy in 1946. During World War II, Frankel served as lieutenant in the United States Nav...

#14333

Wilhelm Pfannenstiel

Wilhelm Pfannenstiel

1890 - 1982 (92 years)

Wilhelm Hermann Pfannenstiel was a German physician, member of the Nazi Party from 1933, , and SS officer from 1934, . In August 1942 he witnessed, together with Kurt Gerstein, the gassing of Jews in Bełżec extermination camp. He may also share responsibility with other SS officials in criminal medical experimentations on unwilling and uninformed human beings, mainly Jews prisoners in Dachau concentration camp.

#14334

Olav Torgersen

1907 - 1978 (71 years)

Olav Torgersen was a Norwegian pathologist. He was born in Kristiansand as a son of wholesaler Carl Torgersen and Kristine Torgersen . He finished his secondary education in 1926 and graduated from the Royal Frederick University with the cand.med. degree in 1934. In 1939 he married colonel's daughter Ada Jørgensen .

#14335

Farquhar Buzzard

1871 - 1945 (74 years)

Sir Edward Farquhar Buzzard, 1st Baronet, was a prominent British physician and Regius Professor of Medicine at the University of Oxford . Career Farquhar Buzzard was born on 20 December 1871, one of six children of the neurologist Thomas Buzzard. and his wife Isabel Wass. Educated at Charterhouse School and Christ Church, Oxford, during his career he was Consultant Physician at St. Thomas' Hospital, London, Goulstonian Lecturer in 1907 at the Royal College of Physicians, London, a physician at the Belgrave Hospital for Children, the National Hospital for Paralysed and Epileptic, the Royal ...

#14336

Naomi Scheman

1900 - Present (126 years)

Naomi Scheman is a Professor of Philosophy and Gender, Women's and Sexuality Studies at the University of Minnesota. She is also a guest professor at the Umeå Center for Gender Studies in Sweden. Scheman was one of the first scholars to bring Wittgenstein's thoughts in to feminist philosophy.

#14337

Harry Morgan Ayres

1881 - 1948 (67 years)

Harry Morgan Ayres was a professor of English Literature at Columbia University an author, and editor. He edited The Reader's Dictionary of Authors including entries for Charles William Eliot, Wilfrid Wilson Gibson, and George Moore and also contributed to the Library of the World's Best Literature.

#14338

Eugenio Imaz

1900 - 1951 (51 years)

Eugenio Ímaz Echeverría was a Spanish philosopher and translator. He is the grandfather of Carlos Imaz Gispert, the Mexican politician. Biography He graduated in law and philosophy from the Universidad Central de Madrid . Through a grant from the Board for the Expansion of Studies Imaz travelled to Germany, where he worked at different universities and completed his studies for two years. From this period, he collaborated in publications such as Revista de Occidente y Cruz y Raya.

#14339

Ruth Shaw Wylie

1916 - 1989 (73 years)

Ruth Shaw Wylie was a U.S.-born composer and music educator. She described herself as “a fairly typical Midwestern composer,” pursuing musical and aesthetic excellence but not attracting much national attention: “All good and worthy creative acts do not take place in New York City,” she wrote in 1962, “although most good and worthy rewards for creative acts do emanate from there; and if we can’t all be on hand to reap these enticing rewards we can take solace in the fact that we are performing good deeds elsewhere.” She was among the many twentieth-century American composers whose work contri...

#14340

Donald Wing

1904 - 1972 (68 years)

Donald Goddard Wing was an Associate Librarian at Yale University from 1939 to 1970, best known for his publication of the bibliographic work A Short-Title Catalogue of Books Printed in England, Scotland, Ireland, Wales, and British America and of the English Books Printed in Other Countries, 1641-1700 , and companion work A Gallery of Ghosts; Books Published Between 1641-1700 Not Found in the Short-Title Catalogue . Wing's Short title catalogue was a continuation of the earlier A Short-Title Catalogue of Books….1475-1640 compiled by Pollard and Redgrave. His Short-Title Catalogue became so ...

#14341

Newton Phelps Stallknecht

1906 - 1981 (75 years)

Newton Phelps Stallknecht was an American philosopher and a professor of comparative literature and philosophy at Indiana University. In addition, he was the Director of the School of Letters at Indiana University from 1953-1972. He also served as a president of the Metaphysical Society of America. Stallknecht was educated at Princeton University, achieving his A.B. in 1927, A.M. in 1928, and Ph.D. in 1930. During World War II, he was attached to the United States Army Security Agency in Washington. His publications cover both philosophy and comparative literature, with a philosophical fo...

#14342

Karel Frederik Wenckebach

Karel Frederik Wenckebach

1864 - 1940 (76 years)

Professor, Dr Karel Frederik Wenckebach was a Dutch anatomist who was a native of the Hague. He studied medicine in Utrecht, and in 1901 become a professor of medicine at the University of Groningen. Later he was a professor at the Universities of Strasbourg and Vienna .

#14343

Hans Zinsser

1878 - 1940 (62 years)

Hans Zinsser was an American physician, bacteriologist, and prolific author. The author of over 200 books and medical articles, he was also a published poet. Some of his verses were published in The Atlantic Monthly. His 1940 publication, As I Remember Him: the Biography of R.S., won one of the early National Book Awards, the sixth and last annual award for Nonfiction voted by members of the American Booksellers Association.

#14344

Thomas Okey

1852 - 1935 (83 years)

Thomas Okey was an expert on basket weaving, a translator of Italian, and a writer on art and the topography of architecture and art works in Italy and France. Okey's first experience of the Italian language came when he attended the Extension Lectures at Toynbee Hall in the 1880s.

#14345

Percy Moreau Ashburn

1872 - 1940 (68 years)

Percy Moreau Ashburn was a colonel and medical officer in the United States Army. With then Lieutenant Charles Franklin Craig, Ashburn made the link that mosquitoes were involved in the transmission of Dengue fever. As a major, he served as the sixth commanding officer of the Walter Reed General Hospital, and as a colonel, he served as the first commandant of the Medical Field Service School at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania.

#14346

Guillermo Feliú Cruz

1900 - 1973 (73 years)

Guillermo Feliú Cruz was a Chilean historian, bibliographer and librarian. He learned historical method by José Toribio Medina who later successfully proposed Feliú Cruz as curator of Biblioteca Americana in the Biblioteca Nacional de Chile.

#14347

Joseph Müller-Blattau

1895 - 1976 (81 years)

Joseph Maria Müller-Blattau was a German musicologist and National Socialist cultural official. He is regarded as a "nestor of Saarbrücken musicology" but also as a "singer of a musical seizure of power" because of his activities in National Socialism.

#14348

Charles De Koninck

1906 - 1965 (59 years)

Charles De Koninck was a Belgian-Canadian Thomist philosopher and theologian. As director of the Department of Philosophy at the Université Laval in Quebec, he influenced Catholic philosophy in French Canada and also influenced Catholic philosophers in English Canada and the United States. The author of many books and articles in French and English, he contributed to a variety of philosophical fields including natural philosophy, philosophy of science, philosophy of mathematics, and political philosophy, but he also wrote on theology, especially Mariology.

#14349

Émile Achard

1860 - 1944 (84 years)

Émile Charles Achard was a French internist born in Paris. In Paris, he served as médecin des hôpitaux , later becoming a professor of general pathology and therapeutics. In 1910, he was appointed professor of internal medicine at the University of Paris . During his career, he also served as a physician at Hôpital Cochin.

#14350

Hans Ruin

1891 - 1980 (89 years)

Hans Waldemar Ruin was a Finnish philosopher and writer of Swedish-Finnish extraction. Biography Ruin was the son of Professor Waldemar Ruin and Flora Lindholm. He married Karin "Kaisi" Sievers in 1917, daughter of physician Klas Richard Sievers and Freifrau Karin von Bonsdorff. He had two children, Martina and Olof, and maternal grandfather to David and Marika Lagercrantz. His grandchild was also named Hans Ruin and became a philosopher.

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