The Most Influential People Across History
Find the most influential people in 24 academic disciplines and numerous subdisciplines
Find famous and important people related to your research. This is an excellent tool for research papers, topic papers, and building a bibliography. Using our influence-based algorithm, our rankings synthesize data from Wikipedia, Wikidata, Semantic Scholar, and CrossRef.
Students and researchers now have a fast and reliable way to find influential thinkers from 24 disciplines and 300 sub-disciplines (and growing). If you want to find history’s most influential philsosophers, or the world’s most influential mathematicians currently, now you can.
We also provide custom rankings of people by discipline as well as interviews with influential academics who are currently active.
To use this tool, select the discipline (and optional subdiscipline) relevant to your research, and specify influential academics by history, world, or US. Even results that are counterintuitive are often enlightening (our algorithm always picks up a signal).
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List of the most influential people in History,
#7251
Carlile Aylmer Macartney
1895 - 1978 (83 years)
Carlile Aylmer Macartney FBA was a British academic specialising in the history and politics of East-Central Europe and in particular the history of Austria and Hungary. He was also a supporter of Hungarian interests and causes in the United Kingdom.
Go to Profile#7252
Dinesh Chandra Sen
1866 - 1939 (73 years)
Rai Bahadur Dinesh Chandra Sen was a Bengali writer, educationist and researcher of Bengali folklore from the Indian subcontinent. He was the founding faculty member and the Ramtanu Lahiri Research Fellow of the Department of Bengali Language and Literature of the University of Calcutta. He died in Calcutta in 1939.
Go to Profile#7253
James Phinney Baxter III
1893 - 1975 (82 years)
James Phinney Baxter III was an American historian, educator, and academic, who won the 1947 Pulitzer Prize for History for his book Scientists Against Time . He was also the author of The Introduction of the Ironclad Warship .
Go to Profile#7254
Livia
59 BC - 29 (88 years)
Livia Drusilla was Roman empress from 27 BC to AD 14 as the wife of emperor Augustus. She was known as Julia Augusta after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14. Livia was the daughter of senator Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus and his wife Alfidia. She married Tiberius Claudius Nero around 43 BC, and they had two sons, Tiberius and Drusus. In 38 BC, she divorced Tiberius Claudius Nero and married the political leader Octavian. The Senate granted Octavian the title Augustus in 27 BC, effectively making him emperor. Livia then became the Roman empress. In this role, she served as...
Go to Profile#7255
Mario Góngora
1915 - 1985 (70 years)
Mario Góngora del Campo was a Chilean historian considered "one of the most important Chilean historians of the 20th century". Though his work he examined the history of the inquilinos, the encomentaderos, rural vagabondss and Indian Law . He was in charge of university courses on medieval history.
Go to Profile#7256
Joseph Gregor
1888 - 1960 (72 years)
Joseph Gregor was an Austrian writer, theater historian and librettist. He served as director of the Austrian National Library. Life and career Joseph Gregor was born in Czernowitz. He studied musicology and philosophy at Vienna University, graduating in 1911. He worked under Max Reinhardt as assistant director and from 1912-1914 as a lecturer in music at the Franz-Josephs-University of Chernivtsi. He was employed at the Austrian National Library in Vienna in 1918. There he founded the Theater Collection in 1922, in which he included film after 1929. He also taught from 1932–1938 and 1943–1945 at the Max-Reinhardt-Seminar for actors, being granted the title "Professor" in 1933.
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Paul Sabatier
1858 - 1928 (70 years)
Charles Paul Marie Sabatier , was a French clergyman and historian who produced the first modern biography of St. Francis of Assisi. He was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature five times. Life Sabatier was born at Saint-Michel-de-Chabrillanoux in Ardèche, and was educated at the Protestant Faculty of Theology in Paris. In 1885 he became vicar of St Nicolas, Strasbourg, but in 1889, declining an offer of preferment which was conditional on his becoming a German subject, he was expelled.
Go to Profile#7258
Miskawayh
932 - 1030 (98 years)
Ibn Miskawayh , full name Abū ʿAlī Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb Miskawayh al-Rāzī was a Persian chancery official of the Buyid era, and philosopher and historian from Parandak, Iran. As a Neoplatonist, his influence on Islamic philosophy is primarily in the area of ethics. He was the author of the first major Islamic work on philosophical ethics entitled the Refinement of Character , focusing on practical ethics, conduct, and the refinement of character. He separated personal ethics from the public realm, and contrasted the liberating nature of reason with the deception and temptation of nature.
Go to Profile#7259
Whitney Cross
1913 - 1955 (42 years)
Whitney Rogers Cross , was a mid-20th-century historian, best known as the author of The Burned-over District: The Social and Intellectual History of Enthusiastic Religion in Western New York, 1800 – 1850 .
Go to Profile#7260
Ubbo Emmius
1547 - 1625 (78 years)
Ubbo Emmius was a German historian and geographer. Early life Ubbo Emmius was born on 5 December 1547 in Greetsiel, East Frisia. From the ages of 9 to 18 Emmius studied in a Latin school, before having to leave on the death of his father, a Lutheran preacher. After studying at Rostock, at the age of 30, Emmius took classes in Geneva with Theodorus Beza, a Calvinist who influenced Emmius greatly.
Go to Profile#7261
Thomas Tout
1855 - 1929 (74 years)
Thomas Frederick Tout was a British historian of the medieval period. He was one of the founders of the Historical Association in 1906. Early life Born in London, he was a pupil of St Olave's Grammar School, still then at Southwark, a graduate of Balliol College, Oxford, and a fellow of Pembroke, but failing to obtain permanent fellowships at All Souls and Lincoln, his first academic post was at St David's University College, Lampeter , where his job title was 'Professor of English and Modern Languages'.
Go to Profile#7262
Edmond Privat
1889 - 1962 (73 years)
Edmond Privat was a Francophone Swiss Esperantist. A historian, university professor, author, journalist and peace activist, he was a graduate of the University of Geneva and a lecturer for the World Peace Foundation. His collective works consist of original dramas, poems, stories, textbooks and books about the Esperanto movement.
Go to Profile#7263
Ashkharbek Kalantar
1884 - 1942 (58 years)
Ashkharbek Kalantar was an Armenian archaeologist and historian who played an important role in the founding of archaeology in Armenia. Born into the Armenian noble families of Loris-Melikov and Arghutians, he graduated St. Petersburg University in 1911 under Nicholas Marr. He was appointed a Fellow of the Archaeological Institute, of Imperial Russian Archaeological Society and the keeper of the Asiatic Museum in St. Petersburg. He was one of the founders of Yerevan State University. Ashkharbek Kalantar authored more than 80 scholarly articles.
Go to Profile#7264
Moriz Carrière
1817 - 1895 (78 years)
Moriz Carrière was a German philosopher and historian. Carrière was born in Griedel near Darmstadt, Germany. After studying at Giessen, Göttingen and Berlin, he spent a few years in Italy studying the fine arts, and established himself in 1842 at Giessen as a teacher of philosophy. In 1853 he was appointed professor at the University of Munich, where he lectured mainly on aesthetics. In the academy in Munich, he lectured on art history.
Go to Profile#7265
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill
948 - 1022 (74 years)
Máel Sechnaill mac Domnaill , also called Máel Sechnaill Mór or Máel Sechnaill II , was a King of Mide and High King of Ireland. His great victory at the Battle of Tara against Olaf Cuaran in 980 resulted in Gaelic Irish control of the Kingdom of Dublin.
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Lev Karsavin
1882 - 1952 (70 years)
Lev Platonovich Karsavin was a Russian religious philosopher, historian-medievalist, and poet. Biography Early years Lev Platonovich Karsavin was born into the family of Platon Konstantinovich Karsavin, a ballet actor at the Mariinsky Theatre, and his wife Anna Iosifovna, née Khomyakova, the daughter of the cousin of Aleksey Khomyakov, a famous Slavophile. He was the brother of the ballerina Tamara Karsavina.
Go to Profile#7267
Giorgi Chubinashvili
1885 - 1973 (88 years)
Giorgi Chubinashvili was a Georgian art historian. Born in St. Petersburg, Russia he studied psychology at the universities of Leipzig and Halle , and Georgian-Armenian-Persian philology at the Petrograd University . Returning to Georgia, he served as a professor at the Tbilisi State University . He was one of the founding fathers and the first rector of Tbilisi State Academy of Arts
Go to Profile#7268
Denis Jean Achille Luchaire
1846 - 1908 (62 years)
Denis Jean Achille Luchaire was a French historian. Biography Luchaire was born in Paris. In 1879 he became a professor at Bordeaux and in 1889 professor of mediaeval history at the Sorbonne; in 1895 he became a member of the Académie des sciences morales et politiques, where he obtained the Jean Reynaud prize just before his death.
Go to Profile#7269
James Alexander Robertson
1873 - 1939 (66 years)
James Alexander Robertson was an American academic historian, archivist, translator and bibliographer. He is most noted for his contributions to the history and historiography of the Philippines and other former territorial possessions of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
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Stanisław Kutrzeba
1876 - 1946 (70 years)
Stanisław Marian Kutrzeba was a Polish historian and politician who was Professor of the Jagiellonian University from 1908, and then until the end of his life the Chair of Studies in Polish law. He was chair of the Law Department , university's rector , General Secretary of Polish Academy of Learning and its president . He was one of many professors of Jagiellonian University arrested by Nazis during Sonderaktion Krakau in 1939. After being freed in 1940, he took part in the underground education. In 1945, he was deputy to the State National Council.
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Fritz Hartung
1883 - 1967 (84 years)
Fritz Hartung was a political and constitutional historian of Germany. Life Fritz Hartung was born in Saarmund, a short distance to the west of Potsdam. His father worked in the Prussian government service. However, he attended secondary school far to the west in Freiburg , and then in Berlin where he passed his school final exams . He went on to study history at Heidelberg and Berlin, with a particular focus on constitutional and legal history. He was taught by a number of the leading historians of the time including Gustav Schmoller, Heinrich Brunner and Otto Hintze. It was Hintz...
Go to Profile#7272
Thomas Blackwell
1701 - 1757 (56 years)
Thomas Blackwell the younger was a classical scholar, historian and "one of the major figures in the Scottish Enlightenment." Life He was born on 4 August 1701 in the city of Aberdeen, son of Rev Dr Thomas Blackwell , ministers of the Kirk of St Nicholas in Aberdeen and later Principal of Marischal College and his wife Christian Johnston . His father was Patron of the Seven Incorporated Trades of Aberdeen from 1714 to 1728.
Go to Profile#7273
Matsusaburo Fujiwara
1881 - 1946 (65 years)
Matsusaburo Fujiwara was a Japanese mathematician and historian of mathematics. Education and career Fujiwara graduated in June 1902 from secondary school at the Third Higher School in Kyoto and then studied mathematics at the University of Tokyo, where he graduated in 1905. His most important teacher was Rikitaro Fujisawa . In 1906 he became a secondary school teacher at the First Higher School Daiichi Kōtō Gakkō in Tokyo. In 1908 Fujiwara and Tsuruichi Hayashi were appointed professors at Tohoku University in Sendai. To prepare for his professorial duties, Fujiwara was sent to study from 1908 to 1911 in Göttingen, Paris and Berlin.
Go to Profile#7274
Eliyahu Ashtor
1914 - 1984 (70 years)
Eliyahu Ashtor was an Austrian-Israeli historian He was from a Zionist family. Studying at Vienna University, he completed a doctorate in Oriental studies in 1936. He emigrated to Mandate Palestine in 1938, following the Anschluss to Nazi Germany, and worked in the National Libtary of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Completing another doctorate at Jerusalem University in 1944, he at first specialized on the history of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain but soon moved to the medieval history of the Near East, and especially social and economic history medieval Egypt, drawing from the manuscripts of the Cairo Geniza.
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T. S. R. Boase
1898 - 1974 (76 years)
Thomas Sherrer Ross Boase was a British art historian, university teacher, and Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University. Early life and education Thomas Boase was born in Dundee, Scotland, to Charles Millet Boase , operator of a bleaching mill at Claverhouse, outside Dundee, of which the Boase family were part-owners, and his wife Anne. Boase was educated at a day preparatory school and then at Rugby School in England .
Go to Profile#7276
W. A. B. Coolidge
1850 - 1926 (76 years)
William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge was an American historian, theologian and mountaineer. Life Coolidge was born in New York City as the son of Frederic William Skinner Coolidge, a Boston merchant, and Elisabeth Neville Brevoort, sister of James Carson Brevoort and Meta Brevoort. He studied history and law at St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, at Elizabeth College, Guernsey, and at Exeter College, Oxford. In 1875, he became a Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. From 1880 to 1881 he was professor of British history at Saint David's College in Lampeter and in 1883 he became a priest o...
Go to Profile#7277
Johannes Haller
1865 - 1947 (82 years)
Johannes Haller was a Baltic German medievalist and teacher at the universities of Tübingen, Marburg and Giessen. Haller was born in Käina and studied history in Tartu and at the Frederick William University in Berlin. He was expert in the field of the history of Christianity. He died in Tübingen.
Go to Profile#7278
Karl Wilhelm Nitzsch
1818 - 1880 (62 years)
Karl Wilhelm Nitzsch was a German historian known for his studies of ancient Rome and medieval Germany. He was the son of classical philologist Gregor Wilhelm Nitzsch . In 1842 he received his doctorate from the University of Kiel with a dissertation involving the Greek historian Polybius. Following graduation, he took an extended study trip to Italy . In 1848 he became an associate professor at Kiel, where in 1858 he was named a full professor of history. Later, he was a professor of history at the Universities of Königsberg and Berlin .
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James II of Aragon
1267 - 1327 (60 years)
James II , called the Just, was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327. He was also the King of Sicily from 1285 to 1295 and the King of Majorca from 1291 to 1298. From 1297 he was nominally the King of Sardinia and Corsica, but he only acquired the island of Sardinia by conquest in 1324. His full title for the last three decades of his reign was "James, by the grace of God, king of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica, and count of Barcelona" .
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Alfonso II of Aragon
1157 - 1196 (39 years)
Alfonso II , called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and, as Alfons I, the Count of Barcelona from 1164 until his death. The eldest son of Count Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Queen Petronilla of Aragon, he was the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. He was also Count of Provence, which he conquered from Douce II, from 1166 until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother, Ramon Berenguer III. His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite vario...
Go to Profile#7281
Ernst Dümmler
1830 - 1902 (72 years)
Ernst Ludwig Dümmler was a German historian. Biography Ernst Ludwig was born in Berlin, the son of , a Berlin bookseller. He studied law, classical philology and history, among other things, at Bonn under Johann Wilhelm Löbell, and in Berlin, where his influences were Leopold von Ranke and Wilhelm Wattenbach. His doctorate dissertation, De Arnulfo Francorum rege , was a notable essay among historians.
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Moltke Moe
1859 - 1913 (54 years)
Moltke Moe was a Norwegian folklorist. Biography Ingebret Moltke Moe was born in Krødsherad, Buskerud County, Norway. He was the son of Church of Norway Bishop Jørgen Moe. After school graduation in 1876 he began to study theology, but eventually he was attracted more by folklore and religious history. From the time he was 18 years old, he collected folklore, particularly in Telemark.
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François Louis Ganshof
1895 - 1980 (85 years)
François Louis Ganshof was a Belgian medievalist. After studies at the Athénée Royal, he attended the University of Ghent, where he came under the influence of Henri Pirenne. After studies with Ferdinand Lot, he practiced law for a period, before returning to the University of Ghent. Here he succeeded Pirenne in 1930 as professor of medieval history, after Pirenne left the university as a result of the enforcement of Dutch as language of instruction. He remained there until his retirement in 1961.
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Jean Maitron
1910 - 1987 (77 years)
Jean Maitron was a French historian specialist of the labour movement. A pioneer of such historical studies in France, he introduced it to University and gave it its archives base, by creating in 1949 the Centre d'histoire du syndicalisme in the Sorbonne, which received important archives from activists such as Paul Delesalle, Émile Armand, Pierre Monatte, and others. He was the Center's secretary until 1969.
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Bertrand Gille
1920 - 1980 (60 years)
Bertrand Gille was a French archivist and historian of technology. Although best known for his work on technology, Gille also wrote on diverse subjects including the history of French banking and Russian economics. After teaching at the university of Clermont-Ferrand, he became a director of studies at the École pratique des hautes études, as well as giving a course on the history of technology at the University of Paris I: Panthéon-Sorbonne.
Go to Profile#7286
Yu Pingbo
1900 - 1990 (90 years)
Yu Pingbo , original name Yu Mingheng and courtesy name Pingbo , was a Chinese essayist, poet, historian, redologist, and literary critic. Early life Yu Pingbo's ancestry can be traced to Deqing, Zhejiang. His pet name as a child was Sengbao . He was a descendant of Yu Yue, a renowned scholar during the late Qing period, and Yu Pingbo was trained in the Chinese classics from an early age. In 1915, he qualified by examination for a preparatory course at Peking University, where he became one of Hu Shih's most prominent students. In 1917, he married Xu Baoxun , a gifted female scholar from Hangzhou, and then commenced composing melodies for Kunqu operas.
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Luke Wadding
1588 - 1657 (69 years)
Luke Wadding, O.F.M. , was an Irish Franciscan friar and historian. Life Early life Wadding was born on 16 October 1588 in Waterford to Walter Wadding of Waterford, a wealthy merchant, and his wife, Anastasia Lombard . Educated at the school of Mrs. Jane Barden in Waterford and of Peter White in Kilkenny, in 1604 he went to study in Lisbon and at the University of Coimbra.
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Michał Sczaniecki
1910 - 1977 (67 years)
Michał Sczaniecki was a Polish historian of state and law, especially of Poland and France; professor of Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań from 1951 to 1965, and director of the Western Institute in Poznań from 1961 to 1964, later professor at Warsaw University.
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Josef Keil
1878 - 1963 (85 years)
Josef Keil was an Austrian historian, epigrapher and an archaeologist. Keil was born on 13 October 1878 in Reichenberg, northern Bohemia . He studied classical literature, epigraphy and archaeology at the University of Vienna, and received his doctorate there. He began his career in 1904 as a scientific secretary at the Austrian archaeological institute in Smyrna . He excavated archaeological sites in Asia Minor, particularly in Lydia. He led the excavations in Ephesus. He was a professor of ancient history at the University of Greifswald from 1927 to 1936, and at the University of Vienna from 1936 to 1951.
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Steven Gunn
1900 - Present (126 years)
Steven J. Gunn is an English historian and fellow of Merton College, University of Oxford. He teaches and researches the history of late medieval and early modern Britain and Europe, and is the author of a number of academic texts.
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Gregorio Mayans
1699 - 1781 (82 years)
Gregorio Mayans y Siscar was a Spanish historian, linguist and writer of the Enlightenment in Spain. Early life Gregorio Mayans was born on 9 May 1699 in Oliva, Valencia, Spain. His father, Pasqual Maians, fought on the Austrian side in the War of the Spanish Succession and accompanied archduke Charles VI to Barcelona in 1706; this resulted in the later marginalization of Gregorio Mayans, who lived in Spain when it was dominated by the House of Bourbon. Until 1713, when he returned to Oliva, Mayans studied with the Jesuits of Cordelles, but his grandfather, a mayor named Juan Siscar, encouraged him in the study of law.
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Manfred Kridl
1882 - 1957 (75 years)
Manfred Kridl was a Polish historian of literature. From 1932 Kridl taught at Wilno's Stefan Batory University, where he was an opponent of anti-semitic ghetto-bench policy. In 1940, during World War II, Kridl managed to escape from occupied Poland and settled in the United States. There he taught at Smith College, then at Columbia University.
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Friedrich Karl Hermann Kruse
1790 - 1866 (76 years)
Friedrich Karl Hermann Kruse was a German historian born in Oldenburg. In 1813 he obtained his doctorate from the University of Leipzig. Beginning in 1816 he taught classes at Maria Magdalena Gymnasium in Breslau, and in 1821 was appointed professor of ancient and medieval history and geography at the University of Halle. From 1828 to 1853 he was a professor at the University of Dorpat.
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Xiao Yishan
1902 - 1978 (76 years)
Xiao Yishan was a modern Chinese historian. Biography Xiao Yishan entered Peking University in 1921, learned from the prominent scholar Liang Qichao. He later taught history of Qing Dynasty at Tsinghua University, Henan University, Northeastern University and Northwest University. In winter 1948, Xiao moved to Taiwan. General History of the Qing Dynasty is his masterpiece, in that book he promoted a historical view of nationalism.
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Donald Alexander Mackenzie
1873 - 1936 (63 years)
Donald Alexander Mackenzie was a Scottish journalist and folklorist and a prolific writer on religion, mythology and anthropology in the early 20th century. Life and career Mackenzie was born in Cromarty, son of A.H. Mackenzie and Isobel Mackay. He became a journalist in Glasgow and in 1903 moved to Dingwall as owner and editor of The North Star. His next move, in 1910, was to the People's Journal in Dundee. From 1916 he represented the Glasgow paper, The Bulletin, in Edinburgh. As well as writing books, articles and poems, he often gave lectures, and also broadcast talks on Celtic mythology. He was the friend of many specialist authorities in his areas of interest.
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Shōei Mishina
1902 - 1971 (69 years)
was a Japanese historian and mythologist specializing in the history of Korea and Japan. In 1928 Mishina graduated from the Faculty of History of Literature at Kyoto University. Before World War II he was a professor at Kyoto University and the Imperial Japanese Navy. In 1945 he retired as a professor from the Imperial Navy and began teaching at Ōtani University, where he was appointed professor in 1946. Later he was a professor at Dōshisha University between 1955 and 1960, and after that, he was director of the Osaka City Museum and professor at Bukkyo University.
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Gottlieb Jakob Planck
1751 - 1833 (82 years)
Gottlieb Jakob Planck was a German theologian and church historian. He was the great-grandfather of physicist Max Planck. Biography Planck was born at Nürtingen in Württemberg, where his father was a notary. Educated for the Protestant ministry at Blaubeuren, Bebenhausen and Tübingen, he became a lecturer at Tübingen in 1774, a preacher at Stuttgart in 1780, and a professor of church history at the University of Göttingen in 1784.
Go to Profile#7298
Otto Cuntz
1865 - 1932 (67 years)
Otto Cuntz was a German-Austrian classical historian, who specialized in ancient geography and topography. He studied at the universities of Zurich, Strasbourg and Bonn, where his instructors were Heinrich Nissen, Franz Bücheler and Hermann Usener. After graduation in 1888, he continued his education in Berlin as a student of Otto Hirschfeld and Reinhard Kekulé von Stradonitz. In 1892 he took an extended study trip to Italy, Greece, Spain and France, then in 1894 obtained his habilitation at the University of Strasbourg. In 1898 he became an associate professor, and six years later was appointed a full professor of Roman history at the University of Graz.
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Harold Henry Fisher
1890 - 1975 (85 years)
Harold Henry Fisher was a US historian specializing in Russian history. Fisher was born in Morristown, Vermont; he received an AB from the University of Vermont in 1911. He served as a field artillery captain during World War I, and was appointed chief of the Historical Department of American Relief Administration during the post-war famine in Eastern Europe and Russia. His collection of Tsarist and Bolshevik documents subsequently became a permanent part of the Hoover Institution's holdings.
Go to Profile#7300
Nils Ahnlund
1889 - 1957 (68 years)
Nils Ahnlund was a Swedish historian. He was professor of history at the then-Stockholm University College 1928–1955, and became a member of the Swedish Academy in 1941. He was the father of physician Hans Olof Ahnlund, literary scientist Knut Ahnlund and the grandfather of journalist and writer Nathan Shachar.
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