Julian Steward

Who is the founder of cultural ecology?

Julian Steward

Julian Steward was born on January 31, 1902. During his life, he developed the idea of cultural ecology. Steward developed his love of nature at Deep Springs Preparatory School, which he began attending at age 16. Steward graduated from Cornell University with a degree in Zoology.

Throughout his career, Steward worked at the University of Michigan (where he established the anthropology department), the University of Utah, the Smithsonian, and the National Science Foundation.

Steward wrote many essays and articles regarding his theory of cultural ecology including:

• Cultural Causality and Law: A Trial Formulation of the Development of Early Civilizations”
• “Area Research: Theory and Practice”
• “Levels of Sociocultural Integration”
• “Evolution and Process”
• “The Cultural Study of Contemporary Societies: Puerto Rico”

What does cultural ecology theory maintain?

Cultural ecology studies how environment can affect cultural similarities and differences. It pays particular attention to the way material culture and technology influence societies, and how people have adapted to their environment to ensure survival.

What are some examples of cultural ecology?

• Native Americans in the Southwest developed adobes to help them live more comfortably in the local climate.
• Indians have a high level of cultural respect for cows. Aside from the religious aspects, this is due in part to the fact that cows produce milk which is a good source of nutrition.