Georgios Papanikolaou

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Biology

#1025

Historical Rank

Pathology

#37

Historical Rank

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Biology

Why Is Georgios Papanikolaou Influential?

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According to Wikipedia, Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the "Pap smear". After studying medicine in Greece and Germany, he emigrated in 1913 to the United States and was faculty at Cornell Medical College. He first reported that uterine cancer cells could be detected in vaginal smears in 1928, but his work was not widely recognized until the 1940s. An extensive trial of his techniques was carried out in the early 1950s. In 1961, he was invited to the University of Miami to lead and develop the Papanicolaou Cancer Research Institute there.

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Georgios Papanikolaou's Published Works

Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works

Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author

Published Works

A NEW PROCEDURE FOR STAINING VAGINAL SMEARS. (1942) (651)
The existence of a typical oestrous cycle in the guinea‐pig—with a study of its histological and physiological changes (1917) (444)
URINE SEDIMENT SMEARS AS A DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE IN CANCERS OF THE URINARY TRACT. (1945) (374)
The diagnostic value of vaginal smears in carcinoma of the uterus. 1941. (1941) (356)
Atlas of Exfoliative Cytology (1954) (337)
The sexual cycle in the human female as revealed by vaginal smears (1933) (258)
Diagnostic value of exfoliated cells from cancerous tissues. (1946) (154)
Cytology of the urine sediment in neoplasms of the urinary tract. (1947) (121)
The action of ovarian follicular hormone in the menopause, as indicated by vaginal smears (1936) (114)
A survey of the actualities and potentialities of exfoliative cytology in cancer diagnosis. (1949) (102)
Exfoliative cytology of the human mammary gland and its value in the diagnosis of cancer and other diseases of the breast (1958) (101)
THE VAGINAL CLOSURE MEMBRANE, COPULATION, AND THE VAGINAL PLUG IN THE GUINEA-PIG, WITH FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ŒSTROUS RHYTHM (1919) (97)
An evaluation of radiologic and cytologic screening for the early detection of lung cancer: a cooperative pilot study of the American Cancer Society and the Veterans Administration. (1966) (96)
A General Survey of the Vaginal Smear and its Use in Research and Diagnosis (1946) (93)
Exfoliative cytology of urinary sediments. A review of 2,829 cases (1958) (86)
GENERAL MUSCULAR HYPERTROPHY INDUCED BY ANDROGENIC HORMONE. (1938) (83)
Carcinoma in situ of the right lower bronchus. A case report (1951) (66)
The application of cytology in the diagnosis of cancer of the rectum, sigmoid, and descending colon (1952) (66)
A microfluorometric scanning method for the detection of cancer cells in smears of exfoliated cells (1952) (65)
Early renal carcinoma in situ detected by means of smears of fixed urinary sediment. (1949) (60)
The diagnosis of early human pregnancy by the vaginal smear method (1925) (58)
Abrasive balloon for exfoliation of gastric cancer cells. (1950) (57)
Cancer of the Uterus: The Vaginal Smear in Its Diagnosis. (1943) (55)
A CLINICAL STUDY OF THE SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN STILBESTROL (1939) (51)
Further studies on the modification of the germ-cells in mammals: The effect of alcohol on treated guinea-pigs and their descendants (1918) (46)
A SPECIFIC INHIBITORY HORMONE OF THE CORPUS LUTEUM: ITS CONTRAST WITH THE FEMALE SEX (FOLLICULAR) HORMONE (1926) (46)
Nucleic acid content of the squamous cancer cell. (1952) (46)
A RHYTHMICAL "HEAT PERIOD" IN THE GUINEA-PIG. (1917) (44)
Cytologic diagnosis of uterine cancer by examination of vaginal and uterine secretions. (1949) (41)
THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE WITH VAGINAL SMEAR STUDIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA, DEPRESSION AND ELATION (1942) (41)
A Further Analysis of the Hereditary Transmission of Degeneracy and Deformities by the Descendants of Alcoholized Mammals (1916) (40)
The epithelia of woman's reproductive organs : a correlative study of cyclic changes (1948) (39)
The cell smear method of diagnosing cancer. (1948) (38)
The use of endocervical and endometrial smears in the diagnosis of cancer and of other conditions of the uterus (1943) (37)
Neutralization of Ovarian Follicular Hormone in Women by Simultaneous Administration of Male Sex Hormone.∗ (1938) (35)
Growth, desquamation and involution of the vaginal epithelium of fetuses and children with a consideration of the related hormonal factors (1938) (34)
Ovogenesis during sexual maturity as elucidated by experimental methods. 1 (1924) (33)
THE EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY OF THE MAMMARY GLAND DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION (1956) (32)
Cytology in the diagnosis of gastric cancer (1951) (32)
CYTOLOGIC EVALUATION OF BREAST SECRETIONS (1956) (30)
The development of the idiosome in the germ‐cells of the male guinea‐pig (1918) (30)
SUPPRESSIVE ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE PRO-PIONATE ON MENSTRUATION AND ITS EFFECT ON VAGINAL SMEARS1 (1939) (25)
The mechanism of the periodical opening and closing of the vaginal orifice in the guinea‐pig (1927) (25)
Further observations on the behavior of human endometrial cells in tissue culture. (1958) (25)
Balloon technique in the cytological diagnosis of gastric cancer. (1953) (25)
A general survey of the vaginal smear and its use in research and diagnosis. (1946) (24)
Cytology of esophageal washings. Evaluation of 364 cases (1955) (23)
THE EFFECT OF TREATMENT OF DEPRESSION IN THE MENOPAUSE WITH ESTROGENIC HORMONE (1940) (22)
Observations on the origin and specific function of the histiocytes in the female genital tract. (1953) (20)
Diagnosis of cancer of the lung by the cytologic method. (1949) (19)
A study of variability in the interpretation of sputum cytology slides. (1966) (19)
Cytological evaluation of smears prepared by the tampon method for the detection of carcinoma of the uterine cervix (1954) (18)
Action of Gonadotropic Hormones in Amenorrhea as Evaluated by Vaginal Smears.∗ † (1939) (18)
The Diagnostic Value of Vaginal Smears in Carcinoma of the Uterus**This study has been aided by the Commonwealth Fund. Presented before the New York Obstetrical Society, March 11, 1941. (1941) (18)
Inhibitory Effects of Male Sex Hormone on Human Menstruation and Their Evaluation by Vaginal Smears.∗ (1938) (18)
Degenerative changes in ciliated cells exfoliating from the bronchial epithelium as a cytologic criterion in the diagnosis of diseases of the lung. (1956) (17)
Epithelial regeneration in the uterine glands and on the surface of the uterus (1933) (16)
Degeneration of the ciliated cells of the bronchial epithelium (ciliocytophthoria) in its relation to pulmonary disease. (1961) (16)
The cancer‐diagnostic potential of uterine exfoliative cytology (1957) (16)
A case of hermaphroditismus verus lateralis in a guinea‐pig (1927) (16)
Diagnosis of Pregnancy by Cytologic Criteria in Catheterized Urine.∗ (1948) (14)
Studies of Spontaneous Tumors in Guinea-Pigs: I. A Fibromyoma of the Stomach with Adenoma (Focal Hyperplasia) of the Right Adrenal (1940) (14)
SEX DETERMINATION AND SEX CONTROL IN GUINEA-PIGS. (1915) (13)
Effect of underfeeding on ovulation and the œstrous rhythm in guinea-pigs (1920) (13)
Action of Ovarian Follicle Hormone in Ovarian Insufficiency in Women as Indicated by Vaginal Smears.∗ (1935) (12)
The value of cytology in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. (1957) (11)
The production of certain distinct types of reactions by the use of ovarian extracts. 1 (1924) (10)
Simple method for protecting fresh smears from drying and deterioration during mailing. (1957) (10)
The diagnosis of pancreatic cancer by cytologic study of duodenal secretions. (1960) (10)
Studies on Spontaneous Tumors in Guinea Pigs. III. A Chondrosarcoma of the Iliac Bone with Metastasis to the Mammary Region (1943) (9)
[Observations on the behavior of human endometrial cells in tissue culture]. (1958) (8)
Diagnostic significance of ciliated cells in human endometrial tissue cultures. (1961) (8)
The value of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis and control of neoplastic disease of the breast (1954) (8)
Historical development of cytology as a tool in clinical medicine and in cancer research. (1958) (7)
Present status and future trends of exfoliative cytology (1952) (7)
Detection of endometrial adenocarcinoma by tampon‐smear method (1957) (7)
Action of Pregnancy Urine Extract (Follutein) on the External Genitalia of Female Guinea Pigs.∗ (1934) (7)
Oestrus in mammals from a comparative point of view (1923) (6)
Cytologic studies in diagnosis of carcinoma. (1954) (6)
A microfluorometric method under development for the scanning and the detection of cancer cells in vaginal smears. (1951) (5)
Diagnostic value of cells of endometrial and ovarian origin in human tissue cultures. (1961) (5)
Exfoliated Pancreatic Cancer Cells in the Duct of Wirsung (1959) (5)
Vaginal cytology in Trichomonas infestation. (1955) (4)
Morphology of cystic growths in the ovary and uterus of the guinea pig (1922) (3)
Use of the cytologic method in industrial medicine with special reference to tumors of the lung and the bladder. (1952) (2)
Exfoliative cytology in research and diagnosis (1956) (2)
The ovarian cystic fluid with special reference to its effect upon the reactions of the genital tract.∗ (1923) (2)
Specificity of Reactions Produced by Injection of Urine from Pregnant Cows into Immature Female Guinea Pigs.∗ (1931) (1)
Experimental results bearing on the etiology of cystic growths in the ovary and uterus of the guinea pig (1922) (1)
Cellular changes in the development of pulmonary cancer as revealed by cytology: a case report. (1958) (1)
The evolutionary dynamics and trends of exfoliative cytology. (1955) (0)
Investigative and diagnostic aspects of exfoliative cytology. (1957) (0)
New Test for Stomach Cancer (1950) (0)
Nathan Chandler Foot, (1881-1958). (1959) (0)
Book Review: Atlas of Exfoliative Cytology (1957) (0)
A Further Analysis of the Hereditary Transmission of Degeneracy and Deformities by the Descendants of Alcoholized Mammals. II (1916) (0)
General Muscular Hypertrophy Induced by Androgenic Hormone (1938) (0)
THE UTERUS: OBSERVATIONS ON THE ORIGIN AND SPECIFIC FUNCTION OF THE HISTIOCYTES IN THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT (1955) (0)
[Cytological study and diagnosis of cancer of the uterus]. (1954) (0)
Recent trends in cytologic diagnosis. (1953) (0)

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