Paul Ekman
#594
Most Influential Person
American evolutionary and social psychologist
Paul Ekman's AcademicInfluence.com Rankings
Psychology
#39
World Rank
#99
Historical Rank
#28
USA Rank
Evolutionary Psychology
#5
World Rank
#5
Historical Rank
#4
USA Rank
Social Psychology
#28
World Rank
#38
Historical Rank
#22
USA Rank
Why Is Paul Ekman Influential?
(Suggest an Edit or Addition)By AI Staff
Paul Ekman holds the title of Professor Emeritus at the University of California San Francisco. He is the founder of the Paul Ekman Group. Previously, Ekman worked as a research associate at the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Hospital. Ekman completed his undergraduate studies at New York University in 1954, and his Ph.D. in clinical psychology at Adelphi University in 1958. Shortly thereafter, Ekman was drafted into the Army.
Ekman is best known for his research in emotion, especially in regards to facial expressions and nonverbal communication. Ekman argues that emotions are universal categories (across cultures) and that emotion, as well as their expression, are as much influenced by evolution and physiology as they are by cultural conditioning. His work is considered foundational to affective neuroscience, and its insights have been used in areas as wide ranging as computer science, managerial training, airport security, television, and movies.
Published works from Ekman include collaboration with Dalai Lama on the Emotional Awareness: Overcoming the Obstacles to Psychological Balance and Compassion, Telling Lies: Clues to Deceit in the Marketplace, Politics, and Marriage, and Nonverbal Messages: Cracking the Code: My LIfe’s Pursuit.
Featured in Top Influential Psychologists Today
According to Wikipedia, Paul Ekman is an American psychologist and professor emeritus at the University of California, San Francisco who is a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. He was ranked 59th out of the 100 most cited psychologists of the twentieth century. Ekman conducted seminal research on the specific biological correlations of specific emotions, attempting to demonstrate the universality and discreteness of emotions in a Darwinian approach.
Paul Ekman's Published Works
Number of citations in a given year to any of this author's works
Total number of citations to an author for the works they published in a given year. This highlights publication of the most important work(s) by the author
Published Papers
- An argument for basic emotions (1992) (7349)
- Pictures of Facial Affect (1976) (4440)
- Constants across cultures in the face and emotion. (1971) (4349)
- Facial action coding system: a technique for the measurement of facial movement (1978) (4134)
- The Repertoire of Nonverbal Behavior: Categories, Origins, Usage, and Coding (1969) (2925)
- Facial expression and emotion. (1993) (2833)
- Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. (1972) (2583)
- Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions. (1983) (2105)
- Unmasking The Face (1975) (1998)
- Unmasking the face : a guide to recognizing emotions from facial clues (1975) (1994)
- Emotion in the human face (1982) (1940)
- What the face reveals : basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the facial action coding system (FACS) (2005) (1932)
- Are there basic emotions? (1992) (1755)
- Approach-withdrawal and cerebral asymmetry: emotional expression and brain physiology. I. (1990) (1664)
- Universals and cultural differences in the judgments of facial expressions of emotion. (1987) (1567)
- Pan-Cultural Elements in Facial Displays of Emotion (1969) (1522)
- Nonverbal Leakage and Clues to Deception †. (1969) (1446)
- Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life (2003) (1418)
- The Duchenne smile: emotional expression and brain physiology. II. (1990) (1286)
- Classifying Facial Actions (1999) (1148)
- Expression and the Nature of Emotion (1984) (1147)
- The nature of emotion: Fundamental questions. (1994) (1122)
- Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: a reply to Russell's mistaken critique. (1994) (1112)
- Emotion in the Human Face: Guidelines for Research and an Integration of Findings (1972) (1109)
- Voluntary facial action generates emotion-specific autonomic nervous system activity. (1990) (1103)
- Approaches To Emotion (1985) (1033)
- Measuring facial movement (1976) (1005)
- Felt, false, and miserable smiles (1982) (908)
- Telling lies: clues to deceit in the marketplace (1985) (901)
- Who can catch a liar? (1991) (875)
- What is Meant by Calling Emotions Basic (2011) (852)
- Facial signs of emotional experience. (1980) (837)
- Facial Expressions of Emotion (1979) (788)
- Detecting deception from the body or face. (1974) (767)
- Facial Expressions of Emotion: New Findings, New Questions (1992) (684)
- Smiles when lying. (1988) (671)
- Cross-cultural recognition of basic emotions through nonverbal emotional vocalizations (2010) (627)
- Darwin and Facial Expression: A Century of Research in Review.@@@Darwin on Man: A Psychological Study of Scientific Creativity. (1974) (616)
- Facial action coding system (2019) (604)
- A new pan-cultural facial expression of emotion (1986) (574)
- Unmasking the Face: A Guide to Recognizing Emotions From Facial Expressions (1975) (558)
- Emotion, physiology, and expression in old age. (1991) (554)
- Darwin, Deception, and Facial Expression (2003) (545)
- Facial expressions of emotion: Stimuli and tests (FEEST) (2002) (503)
- Matsumoto and Ekman's Japanese and Caucasian Facial Expressions of Emotion (JACFEE): Reliability Data and Cross-National Differences (1997) (487)
- Handbook of methods in nonverbal behavior research (1982) (451)
- The argument and evidence about universals in facial expressions of emotion. (1989) (443)
- Measuring facial expressions by computer image analysis. (1999) (439)
- Universal facial expressions of emotion. (1970) (420)
- A Few Can Catch a Liar (1999) (413)
- The ability to detect deceit generalizes across different types of high-stake lies. (1997) (410)
- American-Japanese cultural differences in intensity ratings of facial expressions of emotion (1989) (392)
- Facial Action Coding System: Manual (1978) (388)
- Emotions revealed (2004) (386)
- Facial expression of emotion. (2003) (380)
- Facial expressions of emotion: an old controversy and new findings. (1992) (380)
- Darwin and Facial Expression (1973) (368)
- Behavioral Markers and Recognizability of the Smile of Enjoyment (1993) (354)
- Contemplative/emotion training reduces negative emotional behavior and promotes prosocial responses. (2012) (352)
- Emotion and autonomic nervous system activity in the Minangkabau of west Sumatra. (1992) (345)
- A New Test to Measure Emotion Recognition Ability: Matsumoto and Ekman's Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (JACBART) (2000) (343)
- The symmetry of emotional and deliberate facial actions. (1981) (332)
- Observer-based measurement of facial expression with the Facial Action Coding System. (2007) (329)
- Coherence between expressive and experiential systems in emotion (1994) (320)
- Head and body cues in the judgment of emotion: a reformulation. (1967) (282)
- Behavioral markers and recognizability of the smile of enjoyment. (1993) (279)
- EMFACS-7: Emotional Facial Action Coding System (1983) (279)
- Buddhist and Psychological Perspectives on Emotions and Well-Being (2005) (276)
- The expressive pattern of laughter (2001) (268)
- Voluntary Smiling Changes Regional Brain Activity (1993) (267)
- Relative importance of face, body, and speech in judgments of personality and affect. (1980) (260)
- Lie Catching and Microexpressions (2009) (256)
- What Scientists Who Study Emotion Agree About (2016) (255)
- Facial Affect Scoring Technique: A First Validity Study (1971) (254)
- What emotion categories or dimensions can observers judge from facial behavior (1982) (244)
- Invited article: Face, voice, and body in detecting deceit (1991) (243)
- Emotions Revealed : Understanding Faces and Feelings (2003) (242)
- BODY MOVEMENT AND VOICE PITCH IN DECEPTIVE INTERACTION (1976) (231)
- Nonverbal leakage and clues to deception. (1969) (227)
- Differential communication of affect by head and body cues. (1965) (226)
- Should we call it expression or communication (1997) (185)
- Is the startle reaction an emotion? (1985) (180)
- Emotional and Conversational Nonverbal Signals (2004) (178)
- Not all smiles are created equal: the differences between enjoyment and nonenjoyment smiles (1993) (163)
- The face of man : expressions of universal emotions in a New Guinea village (1981) (153)
- Deliberate facial movement. (1980) (153)
- The universality of a contempt expression: A replication (1988) (152)
- The wizards of deception detection. (2004) (148)
- Emotions inside out. 130 Years after Darwin's "The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animal". (2003) (146)
- Imaging Facial Physiology for the Detection of Deceit (2007) (144)
- Nonverbal behavior in psychotherapy research. (1968) (139)
- Public Opinion and the War in Vietnam (1967) (139)
- The asymmetry of facial actions is inconsistent with models of hemispheric specialization. (1985) (132)
- Individual differences in facial expression: stability over time, relation to self-reported emotion, and ability to inform person identification (2002) (127)
- Classifying Facial Action (1995) (122)
- Facial areas and emotional information. (1975) (121)
- The relationship among expressions, labels, and descriptions of contempt. (2004) (118)
- Appearing truthful generalizes across different deception situations. (2004) (110)
- Final Report To NSF of the Planning Workshop on Facial Expression Understanding (1992) (105)
- BODY POSITION, FACIAL EXPRESSION, AND VERBAL BEHAVIOR DURING INTERVIEWS. (1964) (104)
- Measuring Facial Action (2008) (103)
- Lying and nonverbal behavior: Theoretical issues and new findings (1988) (98)
- Movements with Precise Meanings (1976) (97)
- The effect of comparisons on detecting deceit (1988) (95)
- Lie detection and language comprehension (2000) (95)
- Emotional awareness: Overcoming the obstacles to psychological balance and compassion: A conversation between the Dalai Lama and Paul Ekman. (2008) (92)
- Conceptual and methodological issues in the judgment of facial expressions of emotion (1995) (92)
- Darwin's contributions to our understanding of emotional expressions (2009) (92)
- From flawed self-assessment to blatant whoppers: the utility of voluntary and involuntary behavior in detecting deception. (2006) (92)
- What you say and how you say it: the contribution of speech content and voice quality to judgments of others. (1985) (85)
- The role of context in interpreting facial expression: comment on Russell and Fehr (1987). (1988) (79)
- Why lies fail and what behaviors betray a lie. (1989) (77)
- Why don't we catch liars ? (1996) (71)
- Expression or communication about emotion. (1997) (71)
- Facial Expression in Affective Disorders (2005) (69)
- Mistakes When Deceiving (1981) (69)
- COMMUNICATIVE BODY MOVEMENTS: AMERICAN EMBLEMS (1975) (68)
- Long-distance of transmission of facial affect signals☆ (1979) (68)
- A Behavioral Phenotype in the de Lange Syndrome (1976) (67)
- A Methodological Discussion of Nonverbal Behavior (1957) (62)
- Is the startle reaction an emotion (1985) (61)
- Spontaneous Facial Expression Of Emotions In Brain-Damaged Patients (1988) (58)
- Measuring hand movements (1979) (58)
- Lies that fail. (1993) (58)
- Difficulty does not account for emotion-specific heart rate changes in the directed facial action task. (2002) (57)
- Linkages between facial expressions of anger and transient myocardial ischemia in men with coronary artery disease. (2001) (56)
- Detecting Lies in Children and Adults (2006) (55)
- The rise of affectivism (2021) (55)
- Asymmetry in facial expression. (1980) (53)
- Facial expression and the affective component of cynical hostility in male coronary heart disease patients. (1998) (52)
- Emotional Vocalizations Are Recognized Across Cultures Regardless of the Valence of Distractors (2015) (48)
- CHAPTER XIX – What Are the Similarities and Differences in Facial Behavior across Cultures? (1972) (46)
- How are emotions distinguished from moods, temperament, and other related affective constructs? (1994) (42)
- Face image analysis for expression measurement and detection of deceit (1999) (40)
- Facial expression analysis (2008) (39)
- Meditation and the startle response: a case study. (2012) (39)
- Posed Emotional Expression in Unilateral Brain Damaged Patients (1989) (38)
- A tool for the analysis of motion picture film or video tape. (1969) (37)
- Who knows what about contempt: A reply to Izard and Haynes (1988) (37)
- Type A behavior pattern: facial behavior and speech components. (1990) (36)
- Image Representations for Facial Expression Coding (1999) (33)
- Confusions about context in the judgment of facial expression: A reply to “the contempt expression and the relativity thesis” (1991) (30)
- The mechanism of human facial expression: Duchenne and facial expression of emotion (1990) (30)
- The face of man (1980) (30)
- Facial expression recognition and emotional intelligence. (2004) (29)
- Methodological problems in Tourangeau and Ellsworth's study of facial expression and experience of emotion. (1981) (29)
- Anticipatory sensitization to repeated stressors: The role of initial cortisol reactivity and meditation/emotion skills training (2015) (29)
- Feelings and Emotions: What We Become Emotional About (2004) (23)
- Why Kids Lie: How Parents Can Encourage Truthfulness (1989) (21)
- Lie Detection-Recovery of the Periorbital Signal through Tandem Tracking and Noise Suppression in Thermal Facial Video (2005) (21)
- Darwin's compassionate view of human nature. (2010) (20)
- The similiarity of facial expressions in response to emotion-inducing films in reared-apart twins (2007) (20)
- Imitation of Facial Movements in Brain Damaged Patients (1987) (20)
- The Emotions in Comparative Perspective (2014) (20)
- Investigative interviewing and the detection of deception (2013) (19)
- Does image size affect judgments of the face? (1979) (19)
- Nonverbal Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts (2004) (19)
- Interaction of set and awareness as determinants of response to verbal conditioning. (1963) (19)
- Contradictions in the study of contempt: What's it all about? Reply to Russell (1991) (18)
- TV's Last Frontier: South Africa. (1976) (16)
- Detecting Lies in Children and Adults (2011) (15)
- "True Lies": Children's abuse history and power attributions as influences on deception detection. (2001) (13)
- Psychological reactions to infantry basic training. (1962) (13)
- Is Global Compassion Achievable (2017) (12)
- Nonverbal Leakage and Clues to Deception t (10)
- Universal vocal signals of emotion (2009) (10)
- CHAPTER XIII – What Emotion Categories Can Observers Judge from Facial Behavior? (1972) (10)
- Lying and Deception Lying and Self-deception (1997) (9)
- Qué dice ese gesto (2004) (9)
- Commentary on “a new series of slides depicting facial expressions of affect” by Mazurski and Bond (1993) (1994) (9)
- A Few Can Catch a Liar, Sometimes : Comments on Ekman and O'Sullivan (1991), As Well As Ekman, O'Sullivan, and Frank (1999). Authors' reply (2008) (9)
- Expressive Behavior and the Recovery of a Traumatic Memory: Comments on the Videotapes of Jane Doe (1997) (8)
- Reply scoring and reporting: A response to bond (2008) (2008) (8)
- Conclusion: What We Have Learned by Measuring Facial Behavior: Further Comments and Clarifications. (2005) (8)
- Kinesic cues: The body, eyes, and face. (1999) (8)
- Divergent Reactions to the Threat of War (1963) (8)
- The autonomic and behavioral profile of emotional dysregulation (2004) (7)
- The Social Psychology of Emotion with Bouquet Garni from Physiology@@@The Nature of Emotion: Fundamental Questions (1996) (7)
- Basic behavioral sciences. (1988) (6)
- Expression: panel discussion. (2006) (6)
- Coping with Cuba: divergent policy preferences of state political leaders1 (1966) (5)
- THE CONTEXT OF REINFORCEMENT IN VERBAL CONDITIONING. (1965) (5)
- Facial expression of emotion while watching television violence. (1974) (5)
- A Life's Pursuit (1987) (5)
- CHAPTER XVIII – What Is the Relative Contribution of Facial Behavior and Contextual Information to the Judgment of Emotion? (1972) (4)
- Subjective Experience and the Expression of Emotion in Man (2010) (4)
- Methodological Questions on the Study of Spontaneous Emotional Responding as Compared to Non Verbal Communication in Brain Damaged Patients: Comments on Buck's Reply (1989) (1990) (4)
- CHAPTER II – How Do We Determine whether Judgments of Emotion Are Accurate? (1972) (3)
- Commentary by Paul Ekman (1988) (3)
- Introduction (2003) (3)
- Introduction to Research Findings (1972) (3)
- Exploring affect: Silvan Tomkins and facial expression (1995) (3)
- CHAPTER VIII – Sampling Persons (1972) (3)
- 1992 Award Addresses Facial Expression and Emotion (1993) (2)
- CHAPTER XVI – Can Measurement of the Components of Facial Behavior Provide Accurate Information? (1972) (2)
- CHAPTER XIV – What Emotion Dimensions Can Observers Judge from Facial Behavior? (1972) (2)
- What Interests Me about Performance (1988) (2)
- Lying and Deception (2018) (2)
- CHAPTER V – Can Two or More Emotions Be Shown Simultaneously? (1972) (1)
- Nonverbal Communication: Movements with Precise Meanings. (1976) (1)
- CHAPTER X – Sampling Emotions (1972) (1)
- Can Facial Behavior Be Controlled or Disguised (1972) (1)
- CHAPTER XVII – Are Components of Facial Behavior Related to Observers' Judgments of Emotion? (1972) (1)
- Who is misleading whom? A reply to Nickerson and Hammond. (1993) (1)
- Afterword: The facs in humor research (2005) (1)
- Inside the Psychologist's Studio (2006) (1)
- Afterword: Laughter and Temperament (2005) (1)
- CHAPTER XI – Sampling Emotion Words, Categories, or Dimensions in Judgment Studies (1972) (1)
- Introduction to Conceptual Ambiguities (1972) (1)
- CHAPTER XII – Choosing a Method of Recording (1972) (0)
- CHAPTER XV – Can Judgments of Emotion from Facial Behavior Be Accurate? (1972) (0)
- Visualizing Glacier Ice Flow in an Immersive Environment (2000) (0)
- Dynamical Discrete Emotions 1 [TO APPEAR in Philosophical Psychology. Penultimate draft, please do not quote without permission] From Affect Programs to Dynamical Discrete Emotions (2008) (0)
- Research Report A FEW CAN CATCH A LIAR (2004) (0)
- CHAPTER XX – Research in Progress and Implications for Theory (1972) (0)
- Anhang: Gesichter lesen – der Test (2010) (0)
- Book Reviews Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Commu- Nication and Emotional Life (2005) (0)
- Emotional and Conversational Facial Signals (2002) (0)
- Social Interaction (2018) (0)
- INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS AND GROUP PROCESSES Smiles When Lying (2004) (0)
- Television in South Africa: The Research Paradox, Problem and Potential. (1972) (0)
- Detecting Deception as a Probable Healing Tool for Clients : A Review of Dr (2019) (0)
- CHAPTER VI – Selecting a Research Design (1972) (0)
- Reprint: Extraversion, alcohol, and enjoyment (2005) (0)
- OF EMOTION Questions (1994) (0)
- Which features depend on which faces (2010) (0)
- CHAPTER IX – Sampling Behavior from a Record (1972) (0)
- Cross-Cultural Communication through Nonverbal Behavior (1972) (0)
- Affective Intensity and Emotional Responses DacherKeltner (1996) (0)
- Expression (2003) (0)
- CHAPTER I – What Do We Mean by “Emotion”? (1972) (0)
- RESEARCH AS THERAPY? (1961) (0)
- Religious Tradition and Concern for the Welfare of All Living Beings—Reply (2010) (0)
- In Stein, N.L., Ornstein, P.A., Tversky, B., & Brainerd, C. (1997) Memory for Everyday and Emotional Events. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Chapter 14 LYING AND DECEPTION (1997) (0)
- Japanese and Caucasian Brief Affect Recognition Test (2021) (0)
- Part Two – REVIEW: Methodological Decisions (1972) (0)
- Part One – REVIEW: Conceptual Ambiguities (1972) (0)
- CHAPTER III – What Does Establishing Generality Entail? (1972) (0)
- Life in science. Respect in a pinch. (2012) (0)
- Paul Ekman's research is supported by a Research Scientist Award from the National Institute of Mental Health (MH06092). (1996) (0)
- CHAPTER VII – Choosing the Eliciting Circumstance (1972) (0)
- Mesuring facial movement with the Facial Action Cording System (1987) (0)
- Acknowledgment (2003) (0)
- CHAPTER XXI – Conclusion (1972) (0)
- Erratum: Detecting lies in children and adults (Law Hum Behav (2006) 30 (1-10) (DOI 10.1007/s10979-006-9031-2)) (2011) (0)
- The Role of Emotional Awareness in Special Warfare (2021) (0)
- Paul Ekman, Ph.D (2011) (0)
- Introduction to Methodological Decisions (1972) (0)
- Giving Darwin His Due (2011) (0)
- Can People Accurately Detect Lies (1999) (0)
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